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Book Review: Flora of Iran, Scrophulariaceae

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Mehrnoush Panahi at Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands
Mehrnoush Panahi
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Abstract

تاب «فلور ایران: تیره گل میمون (Scrophulariaceae Juss.»، شماره 68ام از مجموعه کتاب‌های فلور ایران به زبان فارسی است که هم‌سو با اجرای پروژه ملی فلور ایران (مجری: دکتر مصطفی اسدی)، تهیه و توسط مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور در سال 1390 منتشر شد. این جلد توسط مجموعه‌ای از نویسندگان شامل شهریار سعیدی‌مهرورز، فریده عطار، سیدمحمدمهدی حمدی، فریبا شریف‌نیا، مصطفی اسدی، صدیقه یوسف‌نعنایی و ایرج مهرگان نوشته شده است و ویراستاران آن مصطفی اسدی، علی‌اصغر معصومی، پرویز باباخانلو و ولی‌اله مظفریان هستند. این کتاب در 483 صفحه تألیف شده است، طرح روی جلد آن مشابه با فلورهای پیشین (فلور ایران، اسدی 1367) است که به‌صورت رنگی و گلاسه و صفحات آن با کاغذ مناسب چاپ شده‌ است.
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  
      
Scrophulariaceae

Scrophulariaceae Juss 

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











VerbascoideaeRhinanthoideae, Scrophularioideae
Rhin�Scrophularioideae 
VerbascoideaeVerbascumanthoideae

APG IV, 2016
Lamiales

Veronica L
Verbascum LScrophularia L
Linaria Miller

Verbascum، Scrophularia، Linaria
Nanorrhinum Betsche
Antirrhinum majus L






panahi.mehnush@gmail.com
DOI: 10.22092/irn.2022.127964
irannature.areeo.ac.ir 




  


  






  
Rhinanthoideae




Verbascum
Eu� 
phrasia





APG IV, 2016
ScrophulariaceaePlantaginaceae Juss.، Orobancha�
ceae Vent.، Linderniaceae Borsch, K. Müll. & Eb. Fisch
 Lamiales   Mazaceae Reveal و
Christenhusz & Byng, 2016; Dong et al., 2022; https://
  www.catalogueoflife.org


        


Veron� 
Plantaginaceae   ica


Albach et al., 2004; Doostmohammadi et al.,

  
2022

Limosella L
Verbas�Scrophularia L 
Scrophula�cum L
Riahi & Ghahremaninejad, 2019riaceae
OrobanchaceaePlantaginaceae
MazaceaeDodartia L
LinderniaceaeLindernia All
عبانم
         

Albach, D.C., Martínez-Ortega, M.M., Fischer, M.A. and Chase,
M.W., 2004. A new classification of the tribe Veroniceae—
problems and a possible solution. Taxon, 53: 429�452.
Christenhusz, M.J.M. and Byng, J.W., 2016. The number of
known plants species in the world and its annual in�
crease. Phytotaxa, 261(3): 201-217.
Dong, X., Mkala, E.M., Syowai Mutinda, E., Yang, J.-X.,
Wanga, V.O., Oluo, M.A., Onjolo, V.O., Hu, G.W. and
Wang, Q.F., 2022. Taxonomy, comparative genomics of
Mullein (Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae), with implica�
tions for the evolution of Verbascum and Lamiales. BMC
Genomics, 23(566): 1-22.
Doostmohammadi, M., Bordbar, F., Albach, D.C. and Mir
tadzadini, M., 2022. Phylogeny and historical biogeog�
raphy of Veronica subgenus Pentasepalae (Plantagina�
ceae): evidence for its origin and subsequent dispersal.
Biology, 11(639): 1-27.
Riahi, M. and Ghahremaninejad, F., 2019. The tribe Scro�
phularieae (Scrophulariaceae): A review of phylogenetic
studies. Hacquetia, 18(2): 337-347.
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group., 2016. An update of the
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the or�
ders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical
Journal of the Linnean Society, 181: 1-20.
Pedicularis cabulicaVerbascum sublobatum

Plantaginaceae
Nanorrhinum BetscheHolzneria SpetaAlbraunia Septa
Schweinfurthia A. Braun
Kickxia Dumort.Bacopa Aubl.
Veronica L.Lagotis Gaertn.Chaenorhinum (DC.) Rchb.
Antirrhinum majus L.Linaria Mill.Digitalis L.
Misopates Raf.Gratiola L.
Orobanchaceae
Bellardia All. Leptorhabdos Schrenk Pedicularis L.
Bungea C. A. Mey. Melampyrum L. Rhinanthus L.
Euphrasia L. Odontites Ludw. Rhynchocorys Griseb.
Lathraea L. Parentucellia Vi v.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Taxonomy, comparative genomics of Mullein (Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae), with implications for the evolution of Verbascum and Lamiales
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2022
  • BMC GENOMICS
Background The genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) is distributed in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia, with the Mediterranean having the most species variety. Several researchers have already worked on the phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of Verbascum by using ITS data and chloroplast genome fragments and have produced different conclusions. The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of this genus are unclear. Results The complete plastomes (cp) lengths for V. chaixii , V. songaricum , V. phoeniceum , V. blattaria , V. sinaiticum , V. thapsus, and V. brevipedicellatum ranged from 153,014 to 153,481 bp. The cp coded 114 unique genes comprising of 80 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and 30 tRNA genes. We detected variations in the repeat structures, gene expansion on the inverted repeat, and single copy (IR/SC) boundary regions. The substitution rate analysis indicated that some genes were under purifying selection pressure. Phylogenetic analysis supported the sister relationship of (Lentibulariaceae + Acanthaceae + Bignoniaceae + Verbenaceae + Pedaliaceae) and (Lamiaceae + Phyrymaceae + Orobanchaceae + Paulowniaceae + Mazaceae) in Lamiales. Within Scrophulariaceae, Verbascum was sister to Scrophularia, while Buddleja formed a monophyletic clade from ( Scrophularia + Verbascum ) with high bootstrap support values. The relationship of the nine species within Verbascum was highly supported. Conclusion Based on the phylogenetic results, we proposed to reinstate the species status of V. brevipedicellatum (Engl.) Hub.-Mor. Additionally, three genera ( Mazus , Lancea, and Dodartia ) placed in the Phyrymaceae family formed a separate clade within Lamiaceae. The classification of the three genera was supported by previous studies. Thus, the current study also suggests the circumscription of these genera as documented previously to be reinstated. The divergence time of Lamiales was approximated to be 86.28 million years ago (Ma) (95% highest posterior density (HPD), 85.12–89.91 Ma). The complete plastomes sequence data of the Verbascum species will be important for understanding the Verbascu m phylogenetic relationships and evolution in order Lamiales.
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Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Veronica Subgenus Pentasepalae (Plantaginaceae): Evidence for Its Origin and Subsequent Dispersal
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2022
Veronica subgenus Pentasepalae is the largest subgenus of Veronica in the Northern Hemisphere with approximately 80 species mainly from Southwest Asia. In order to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among the members of V. subgenus Pentasepalae and to test the “out of the Iranian plateau” hypothesis, we applied thorough taxonomic sampling, employing nuclear DNA (ITS) sequence data complimented with morphological studies and chromosome number counts. Several high or moderately supported clades are reconstructed, but the backbone of the phylogenetic tree is generally unresolved, and many Southwest Asian species are scattered along a large polytomy. It is proposed that rapid diversification of the Irano-Turanian species in allopatric glacial refugia and a relatively high rate of extinction during interglacial periods resulted in such phylogenetic topology. The highly variable Asian V. orientalis–V. multifida complex formed a highly polyphyletic assemblage, emphasizing the idea of cryptic speciation within this group. The phylogenetic results allow the re-assignment of two species into this subgenus. In addition, V. bombycina subsp. bolkardaghensis, V. macrostachya subsp. schizostegia and V. fuhsii var. linearis are raised to species rank and the new name V. parsana is proposed for the latter. Molecular dating and ancestral area reconstructions indicate a divergence age of about 9 million years ago and a place of origin on the Iranian Plateau. Migration to the Western Mediterranean region has likely taken place through a North African route during early quaternary glacial times. This study supports the assumption of the Irano-Turanian region as a source of taxa for neighboring regions, particularly in the alpine flora.
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The tribe Scrophularieae (Scrophulariaceae): A Review of Phylogenetic Studies
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2019
Molecular data have been increasingly used to study the phylogenetic relationships among many taxa, including scrophs. Sometimes they have provided phylogenetic reconstructions that are in conflict with morphological data leading to a re-evaluation of long-standing evolutionary hypotheses. In this paper, we review reports of the recent knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships within Scrophularieae (2011–2017). The results of these analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) Species of Scrophularia have undergone one or more Miocene migration events occurred from eastern Asia to the North America with subsequent long dispersal and diversification in three main directions. (2) Allopolyploid and aneuploid hybrid speciation between Scrophularia species can occur, so hybridization and polyploidy have an important role for history of diversification. (3) The ancestral staminode type for the genus Scrophularia seems to be a large staminode. (4) Monophyly of the genus Verbascum with respect to the genus Scrophularia is strongly supported. (5) Oreosolen, is not monophyletic, because all accessions of Oreosolen were nested within Scrophularia. We discuss methods of data collection and analysis, and we describe the areas of conflict and agreement between molecular phylogenies.
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An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the or� ders and families of flowering plants: APG IV
  • Jan 2016
  • BOT J LINN SOC
  • 1-20
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group., 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the or� ders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181: 1-20.