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Introduction
Hogna Simon 1885 is the second largest genus of the
family Lycosidae and currently including 234 species (World
Spider Catalog 2022). The members of the genus are widely
distributed throughout the world, being particularly abun-
dant around the European Mediterranean to Central Asia. In
East Asia, four species have been recorded from Indonesia,
three from China, two from the Philippines, and one from
Singapore to date.
Hogna species are medium to large-sized, ground-dwell-
ing spiders that mainly inhabit grasslands and open habitats.
Among them, a single species, H. trunca Yin, Bao & Zhang
1996, described from China, has been reported to present
arboreal ecology. Upon examining spiders collected from
Nara Prefecture and the Okinawa Island of Japan, the author
identified a spider as H. trunca. In the present paper, the
morphological characteristics of these H. trunca specimens
collected from Japan are described in detail with additional
morphological information of the male. This is the rst re-
cord of Hogna from Japan.
Materials and methods
Specimens were manually collected at night from forests
along streams (Fig.1). All specimens were preserved in 75%
ethanol, and their morphological characteristics were ob-
served under an Olympus SZ60 stereomicroscope. The gen-
eral appearance of the specimens was photographed in living
condition by Canon EOS 70D digital camera equipped with
Laowa 60 mm F2.8 2X Ultra macro lens. Copulatory organs
were photographed by Sony 7R IV digital camera equipped
with MP-E 65 mm macro lens, and the images were stacked
with Zerene Stacker (Zerene Systems LLC). The specimens
will be deposited in the collection of the Department of Zo-
ology, National Museum of Nature and Science (NSMT),
Tokyo.
The following abbreviations are used: ALE, anterior
lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; C, conductor; E,
embolus; FD, fertilization duct; MA, median apophysis; P,
palea; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median
eye; S, spermatheca; SB, septal base; Se, synembolus; SP,
septal pedicel; St, subtegulum; and T, tegulum. All measure-
ments are presented in mm. Leg measurements are presented
in the following format: [femur + patella + tibia + metatar-
sus + tarsus = total]
Taxonomy
Genus Hogna Simon 1885
[Japanese name: Ô-komorigumo-zoku]
Remarks (Taxonomic issues in Hogna). Dondale (1986)
rst placed Hogna in the Trochosa group of Lycosinae based
on a sickle-shaped synembolus and a large ear-like tegular
lobe of the male palps. Subsequently, Zyuzin (1990, 1993)
supported the classification based on these characteristics
and established the tribe Trochosini, and added that Hogna
should be restricted to non-burrowing spiders. Nentwig et
al. (2022) organized lycosid species in the European region
with the following key to Hogna: medium to large spiders
(9–25mm); palea of the male palp with a sickle-shaped
process (synembolus); female epigyne inverted T-shaped;
and septal pedicel longer then wide. However, according to
First records of the arboreal wolf spider species Hogna trunca Yin, Bao & Zhang
1996 (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Japan
Rio Shida
Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
E-mail: heteropodapuma@gmail.com
Abstract ― The arboreal lycosid species, Hogna trunca Yin, Bao & Zhang 1996, is newly recorded from
Japan. Hogna trunca was originally described from Zhejiang Province (China) and has been known only from
China. The author conrmed its presence in Nara Prefecture and in the northern part of the Okinawa Island in
Japan, reporting it as a new record for the country. The genus Hogna is also new to Japan. In both areas, the
species was found in forests along streams and was observed waiting on tree bark or hiding in tree hollows
mainly at night. Presumably, the species has not been discovered until recently because of its unique arboreal
ecology for a spider of the family Lycosidae, which mainly includes ground-dwelling species.
Key words ― arboreal ecology, distribution, taxonomy
Acta Arachnologica, 71 (2): 129–133, December 20, 2022
R. Shida
Murphy et al. (2006) and Piacentini (2019), such male geni-
tal characteristics are plesiomorphic in the subfamily Lycos-
inae, and the relationships among the genera of the Trochos-
ini should not be discussed based solely on these traits. For a
clear denition of the genus, comprehensive work including
its congeners is warranted, particularly since species from
the Asian region are poorly studied, and the genus should be
revised accordingly.
Distribution. Cosmopolitan, including new records from
Nara and Okinawa prefectures in Japan.
Hogna trunca Yin, Bao & Zhang 1996
[Japanese name: Kinobori-komorigumo]
(Figs. 1–3)
Hogna trunca Yin, Bao & Zhang 1996. p. 7, gs. 4–12, ♂♀; Yin et
al. 1997, p. 113–115, g. 53; Song, Zhu & Chen 1999, p. 327–328,
gs. 190O, 191F. 19.
Specimens examined. Takahata-cho, Nara-shi, Nara
Pref., Japan, 29-V-2019 (1♂1♀), R. Matsumoto leg.; 16-
X-2021(3♂), R. Shida leg. (3♂collected as a juvenile and
reared until becoming an adult on 2-I-2022, 3-I-2022, 7-I-
2020); 6-VI-2022 (2♀), R. Shida leg.; Yona, Kunigami-son,
Okinawa Pref., Japan, 25-III-2020 (1♀), R. Shida & K.
Nishiya leg.
Diagnosis. Hogna trunca is most similar to H. jiafui
Peng, Yin, Zhang & Kim 1997 from China, but can be dis-
tinguished by the following characteristics: H. trunca has
a larger body size; in males, the tip of the cymbium has
two short claw-like setae in H. trunca, compared with 5–6
macrosetae in H. jiafui; in H. trunca, each leg bears distinct
white annulations on the tibia, which are absent in H. jiafui.
Additionally, the copulatory organs of H. trunca share simi-
lar characteristics with those of some Japanese spiders from
the genus Lycosa shown in the figures in Tanaka (1990),
especially with those of L. suzukii Yaginuma 1960 and L.
boninensis Tanaka 1989 but could be distinguished based
on the following character. In males, cymbium of H. trunca
has two short claw-like setae, whereas in L. suzukii and L.
boninensis having several stout spines distally.
Description. Based on 1♂/ 1♀ from Nara. Measurements.
Body 15.61 / 21.43 long; carapace 8.54 / 10.11 long; 6.74 /
7.61 wide; abdomen 7.07 / 11.33 long. Eye sizes: AME 0.46
/ 0.38; ALE 0.29 / 0.31; PME 0.74 / 0.75; PLE 0.65 / 0.54;
Fig. 1. Habitat of Hogna trunca Yin, Bao & Zhang 1996 in Nara Prefecture.
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First records of Hogna trunca from Japan
AME–AME 0.13 / 0.22; AME–ALE 0.14 / 0.21; PME–PME
0.56 / 0.92; PLE–PLE 1.82 / 1.71; PME–PLE 0.60 / 1.03.
Clypeus height 0.69 / 1.02. Chelicera length 4.00 / 4.44.
Length of leg segments: I (7.02 + 2.80 + 6.26 + 6.66 + 3.51
= 26.61 / 7.73 + 3.19 + 6.51 + 5.79 + 3.36 = 26.58); II (6.38
+ 2.48 + 5.33 + 6.59 + 3.02 = 23.80 / 7.05 + 3.16 + 6.05 +
5.84 + 3.53 = 25.63); III (7.49 + 2.89 + 6.68 + 6.80 + 3.86 =
27.73 / 6.83 + 2.41 + 5.42 + 5.60 + 3.33 = 23.60); IV (8.10
+ 2.79 + 6.78 + 9.34 +3.85 = 30.86 / 8.41 + 2.88 + 7.33 +
8.76 + 3.72 = 31.11).
Coloration in living condition (Fig. 2). Typically, the
males whitish and more distinctive than females. Cara-
pace: blackish brown, covered with dense greyish hair, and
with a broad median white band suffused with white hair.
AME surrounded by white hair. Clypeus brown. Chelicer-
ae blackish brown, with anterior half of the length covered
with dense yellowish white hair. Sternum and labium dark
reddish brown to black. Abdomen: dorsum densely covered
with yellowish grey recumbent hair and with two pairs of
black marks at both ends; cardiac mark whitish brown and
indistinct; venter (including the book lung covers) black,
with each side covered with dense yellowish-brown hair.
Spinnerets reddish brown to black, covered with brown and
white hairs. Legs: blackish blown, covered with dense setae
and spines; tibial segments of each leg with distinct white
annulations in the middle; metatarsi of legs I, II, and III with
two white annulations at each end. Palps: blackish brown
and stout, with a light gray colored annulus on the tibial seg-
ment.
Copulatory organs (Fig. 3). Male palpal structure as in
Fig. 3 (C–G): cymbium elongated, ca. 2.3 times longer
than wide, with a hook-shaped and ventrally bent apex,
covered with dense, thick, and short hair; apical cymbium
bearing two minute claw-like setae ventrally, one shorter
than another; subtegulum prominent; palea round with two
sickle-shaped synemboli; median apophysis transverse, with
a pointed retrolateral end and a prominent ventral spur; em-
bolus slender and 2 times as long as the synembolus.
Fig. 2. Hogna trunca Yin, Bao & Zhang 1996 from Nara Prefecture, female (A–C) and male (D–F) general appearance. A, female, habitus; B,
same, dorsal view; C, same, ventral view; D, male, habitus; E, same, dorsal view; F, same, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm.
131
Acta Arachnologica, 71 (2), December 2022 ⒸArachnological Society of Japan
R. Shida
Epigyne and internal genitalia as in Fig. 3 (A–B): median
septum inverted T-shaped, 2 times longer than wide; sper-
mathecae tube-shaped, with a slight protrusion in the mid-
dle.
Distribution. Japan (Nara and Okinawa; new records),
China (Zhejiang).
Ecology. Hogna trunca was found in forests along
streams. Several individuals were observed ambushing
prey on tree barks or in tree hollows at night. Presumably,
this species was not discovered until recently because of its
unique arboreal ecology for a spider of the family Lycosi-
dae.
Remarks. In the original figures in Yin, Bao & Zhang
(1996), two stout terminal macrosetae are clearly drawn at
the tip of the male palpal cymbium. However, these were
conrmed neither in the photographs of the paratype from
China (Jia 2021, master thesis, unpublished) nor in the Japa-
nese specimens, hence the author consider that the gures of
the original description were erroneously drawn.
The Japanese specimens slightly diers from the Chinese
ones in the shape of the spermathecae of the female genitalia
with smaller protrusion in the middle, but this may be re-
garded as a geographic variation. Similarly, the female spec-
imens from Nara Prefecture and the Okinawa Island slightly
dier, with the latter having relatively smaller spermathecae
and longer septal pedicel. Although this species is thought to
be closely related to some species classied into the genus
Lycosa in Japan, the author has followed the original de-
scription since the status of many Asian species of the genus
Hogna and its congeners are currently unclear.
Acknowledgments
I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to Rikio Matsumoto (Osaka
Museum of Natural History) for providing information on the distribu-
tion of H. trunca in Nara; Tatsumi Suguro (Keio Yochisha Elementary
School) for providing some valuable specimens used in the present
study; and to Yejie Lin (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of
Science) for providing some valuable information on the holotype and
paratype of H. trunca including other Chinese species. I am also deep-
ly grateful to Akio Tanikawa (University of Tokyo) for warm support
during the study, and for critically reviewing the manuscript. I also
thank Yuya Suzuki (Kyushu University) for valuable advice, Kohei
Nishiya (Kyushu University) and Takumi Aoyama (Kyushu Univer-
sity) for some help during the field survey, and the two anonymous
reviewers for their helpful suggestions.
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Received July 26, 2022 / Accepted September 22, 2022
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