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Husserl on the Normativity of Intentionality and Its Neutralization

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Abstract

In this paper, I explore Husserl’s view on the normativity of intentionality and its neutralization. Husserl reaches his mature, normative-transcendental conception of intentionality by way of critical engagement with Brentano’s position. As opposed to Brentano, Husserl does not conceive of the normativity of intentionality as deriving from the more basic character of polar opposition. Normativity comes first and it is an original, though not universal determination of intentionality which is expressed in the identificatory achievement of constitution. Even where it is absent, this absence makes itself felt since neutrality is never the simple omission of normativity but essentially its neutralizing modification. The discussion of neutrality-modification in Ideas I is, however, problematic, as I will argue by drawing upon Husserl’s research manuscripts. I aim to show that neutralization is not a single but a group of closely related intentional modifications and that ways of neutralization are best conceptualized as changes of attitude. I will then examine phantasy and aesthetic consciousness as involving two such neutralizing attitudes. What they have in common is a spirit of playfulness in contrast to the serious commitment to truth that characterizes original intentionality. The neutralization of normativity takes place in play.
Husserl on the Normativity of Intentionality
and its Neutralization


       
   ! 
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         
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 %
        %  
$
& '     
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         
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*+ ,-./(01

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  9       
 % 
 $ 
%
1   : ,(00;./(412),./(41<
=,./(;1>,./(71 ,./.(1:,./.(1
2' ,
 12-?,.//.484;1
?   ,(00;4.(4..44(44;15
*+
32,./(0..1)  * 
@+,./.((481) 
 % 
!)
* +,)./(3.4019 A 
42),./(04441)$  
$,1 $ 
*&+)$ 2 
,./.(19), 1$%  
,1 * +
* +,./.((431
5*+
2
 3
        
9  ,
 1A
  2
$     
    

   
BC 
 *5
$+,D(.701
>
        *   
   + ,= ./(31 %     
9
 *+
%  
   
-          
           

  B     ,   1  
B
9$
     $    
    $    5  $    
 $

6% ,./(0.E(.;012),./(044/4471
FFF
3
 E
 modification        
$ 
,D(.8/.7/.7.1
   $       
,1
 
$ $ %
A
 %,C
.1 
            
G 
,C(1 
 5!
1. The Original Normativity of Intentionality
1.1. Husserl’s critique of Bretano’s thesis

!,=./(31%
    
       ! !
  * +  *  + *
  A+  * A+ ,! .//0  3;1; 
  A!
7),./(3.74.771 $  
% $)
G 
G  
8? !

4
' 
 havingA0%

  
 
"         *   
 + ,! .//0  ;1       
,Vorstellung1%
  !       
     ,Grundlage1     
,!.//0 381%    A 
,1?*
  +     A ,! .//0
(/1%
           G     
     % A  , 
1  ,1
 because ,!.//0
(/((6!.//;(31: 
due to


! 
  
  having   A in  )    @@
9!2$ !
! ,2(0077/48401)2
,!Psychologie1
!* +,).//3.74/1
)! Psychologie
,./.(1!
 -
!!
Psychologie
5
 $in  +,
E(D8.1(/@@A in$ $ in
 ,E7D886F.E0FH.0.1"
 $ *  ,Loch1        
+,FH.40D.4.1!
  having 
 constitutive achievement((     
,  II(E(;1         

,1 
, ./.(1
 
      
!
$$ 5
*!+$   
,)4815thLogical Investigation(. 
    A        
$
%*!+*
+,!.//0381
5 
,1%5
  !
5% 
< 
AAJ
10$  ,1
,1 # %

112! ,.//;1* +
12?, 1-#,./(01
6
        
AA 
5,FFI./1(4
    5    
 *   + , FF  77.D(.;1 %    
can 
5% 
     52    

 $!
5(7
'5*+B 
   *+  A     
$ %*
 +,Einbildungsvorstellung1* 
    +
,FF777D(4/1- 
 B %
    
$
     5    
 ,I.E1A ,II.;.01 %
K$ $ ,
1(8%
135Logical Investigations
9A A 5 
 5% , 
1%,
FF7E48/;1$Ideas I,D(.0;4/81
14$   
 5*+I.7I.3?
K -#,./(0(3E(301
15     ,1           
 *!+ 
$     
! A
7
      *   + , FF 
78;D(4E19$
 
%  
9 
?*+

*      ,  
     1       
       
A 
+,FF780D(4;1
           
 $  
9
 
            
 
            
  A 
           
A *5+5!,
FF  734D(7/1    *+  * + * 
+           
 *+,1
1.2 The normativity of objectifying act
    5thLogical Investigation ,
8
) 41          5 
!%*+
 5
,FFI4.1%
!)7
     *+    % 
)4)7
) 4 $        
)7  *+,
FF7;/1
C  
C  implies or presupposes      A ,
A1saying  A 
"           
(3'*+5
$ ?5
5      
 5*+ ,FF
7;7D(8(1
 )4?
  
 5
  
*
  +  5    
 ,FF7;7D(8(1
'   $   5B           
16,kausaler Vordersatz1
,hypothetischer Vordersatz1,FF7;41% 
    
*+,FF7;4D(8(1
9
      K       
*+A!K
*+
$*A +
 A     5   
  
'
  A   II 4E4;        
5as a question6*+the
    A       
  A      , A 1
preciselybecause * K5K
+* 
 A +,!.//;.86-
#./(0(;(1%Logical Investigations, Ideas1
extensionA !
the ,*+*+1A 
   
II4E4;(E
= ,1A  
  
  !K       ! 
A 
% 
   
A !A 
  K         
175
A II4E4;,FF
8/(D(3/1 ?3 LU
2(0
10
$!A (;
!      #5   $
!K  
  *+$
5A
6A 
!A %
      (0/;       
   A  A  *A 
,$A G1
$A$ 
 A+,FFH44;1%
 *  
 +6       A     
A ,1
  8LU(0    
 A 
normative 5
 A 
A* 
 +./B '  5thLogical Investigation   
*+
(0/;* 
 + A  *%$ 
A           assumptively  
18*+*+!
 
19*%, 1 A
 
 
5+,FFD(4;3D0;1
20GG*   +
*+,FFH47/1
11
authentication,Ausweisung1
 + ,6
FFH4481%
 *A   L @  A    
,1+,FFH44047/1
%A ,
A 1 
 
               
9A originally *+ 
   
modification,-./(0(0;1)!K
 
           
 
%
           
 A   Logical Investigations  
       6thLogical Investigation 
       *   
defineA 
         +
, 6FF8;8D.(;1.("
B',
1           
B.. %    $  
A$*+*+
21II4E4;5th Logical Investigation$
*+A 
225%
A  6th Logical
Investigation#-,./(0(0;(001

12
Logical Investigations% $
        

 A 
9
            
 
9A   
$A*K
A+,D(.70D.(71" 
5A
9    
(0/;
identification       !
A A A,sich-richten-auf1
  
    A       
coinciding and identifying  ,Deckungs- und
Identifizierungsbewusstsein1  
A
2Aconfirmed
    
     *    D 
,Begründung1    D  + , FFH  47(1
9A   
 *    + ,16      
*+* +,FFH4741%
         
Cartesian Meditations
13
,I(;1    
      ,I (E1.4 %
              
  ,   0.1     
 ,
FH(3;(301
C5!
     ,((1    
,(.1 !
55
 ,   1    5 
    !  
" 
         
   C      
 
%      $     
     %  
            

 B     B "        
$
23 A!
G,E01
14
2. Neutrality-modi*cation as change(s) of attitude
2.1 The doctrine of neutrality-modi*cation in Ideas I and its
unclarities
%II(/0
((E Ideas I= $
 
 $$*$
   $  +, './..1 %
-
5Logical Investigations,FF7E4
8/;1     Ideas I 
#   *+       
   A         (0(.
 ,
*$M+*+.71Ideas I5$
,!.//..;01
<      A   Ideas I N Logical
Investigations    *Urdoxa+  
   %  
        
,A 1C9%*+
*$+5
  *  +     ,  *O+  
  6  D(  .7(D./;1 Urdoxa     
      9 
         
242 FF48343(%"(8,-(0(.1%G
 Ideas I,FF3E83E3D(1G
   

15
=
Urdoxa6 $
%
  
    
%
   
 *+
 Ideas I  *  
 
  @  + , D( .7;D.(71   
 *+,Gegenstück
alles Leistens61% 
, 1   
-, 1
    abstractive analysis "  *    
 $     @$ 
+,D(.7;D.(71
'abstract
  

        *   + 
*+,D(
.7;D.(41
? ,abstractive 1
 
*+,1

  abstracting      
16
$  
         
2
9
$*@ 
 +,D(
.8/D.(819
    , D( I ((.1   
  $"
 
 
 ,1

2.2 Pure phantasy as neutralization
 
5$  5C
A 6     @ 
5
5.8
       A       
 %
 
 B =    ,   1 
 $*+,A 1
A   *+       B %
5 
of 
) 
25? !,.//.(34(38.0(.0.1$
?5(0
17
          
 % 
   conflict        
=$
%5
.3
9*+
 *+ C
)   
spontaneity               
            
  
  6spontaneously
%  *
+,1*+*
  A +,FF48;D74/1%
 

$ 
"   $   ,unterbunden1.E  
,fortfallen1 A 
$ ,1P  
            

$ *+* 
$ 
 .; + , FF  480D74(1   
26%A, FF.70.8(1
27! *+*+%
 *Unterbindung+$*+
Ideas I  ,FF43/1
28%*+! $ *+
18
 55!C
9 A 9A
   5         
$ N
      A       
 
.0C,1
 $6    
4/
%
   modification       
4(subsequent 
 $ spontaneous
dependent$parasitic 
           
B$*$+,Art
des Vollzugs6  FF  8E81        
29  $ *) $      B+ %  
 *  $ +,FF
4/3D74;1
30  $       $        
  (0/7D/8       
C -
%
*+,# 6
F881%*#
  A     @
A+,F(/.1*#@
+,1% *+
,FF .071         
%5
,FF .3..37 .08.031       
  !  :  !  $      
 , 1
A!
    
  ,FF.0E1
  , Umbilden1
,schlechthin1,FF8/71
31 ?     ,  FF80(1!,.//37(E1
  !!
  ' !
  %
 9   G
, FF8EE8E;1
19
    ,Ichaktion6  F  8/81 ? 
  
 -         
 ,14.
2.3 Varieties of neutralization
!  B'
  $           
9 
"      $  
* +,Einfall1* A+
   
 ,willkürliche
Enthaltung1,FF8EED3071
C         
 #       
 ,FF8E;D3081
   ,1
% %
 ,Einfall1   ,    1     
       %    
           %
        *willkürliche Enthaltung+
  $  *Ausschalten+ *Nicht-zu-Geltung-kommen-Lassen+ 
*Unterbinden+,FF48;1
          5 
32 ,1
 (0(;, "(;"./
! PFHFF"..FPD(1
Q
-43
20

, FF43.43/1
 A $ 
'A  $ 
A 
A ,FF8EE1
 A '
A not 6


  $G 
 G       
 %
              
 , FF  43;12   
$ 

       *
  
Lfigures in a painted landscape+,FF
8(461
            aesthetic
consciousness44 
 $ 5,
FF"(81! PFH1
%G$ G
      %      
       , 1
 A
33'*+
A $ 
21
     *    
+,FF8E;D308147%
   $  $  Urdoxa  
   

2.4 Forms of neutralization as changes of attitude: the imaginary
attitude and the aesthetic attitude
%$  
  *+
  *+       
            
      , = (00;  3/381 ' 
            

 


*+,Vollzug1
 ,D((0/6H41"

 %
  "
          
    , D( I ((41 %    
 
,FF4304E/1
%             interest 
34'  !,.//.1$
,1"! 
*+*+,(8;1* + 
* R,(371+
 
22
     , 2 .//01      > 
,Einstellung1 ground%
,
 1* ST ST+
, H  (;81 %          
          ,Vollzugsweise1  
*+
 ! 
 
$ 
         ! 
48
'$  ,Phantasieeinstellung1
 *+
,1*
, 1+* $+,FF8E8143
<  
             C
*+  
6

'           
$ *$+ 
35  

(0(;
36*%@@ (19
,$1L.1%+
,FF8E81%,(0.((0.71 
  *+  
9,:.//8!.//3!././
2./(81 $
,1'
%

 ,$1
$
23
           as if
  %
  
 
"
attitude     
4E
        
* +
 conflict 
) 
$            
$*+
         
potential conflict 
A*+ %
, A  1   
       on the same
ground%a change of the ground of our experience
  a change of
attitude
  the imaginary attitude      * +  
 !$  
  G   
 not
    interested   it is given a new
direction',  1

   *+   G     %
37  (0(;,%"
(;FF1
24
   
A  *5 +,FF
84E1P 5   
 G UrdoxaG
taking one’s ground 

  
  
   C       

 G
$ 
  ,FF8(78(06!././
.(3.(;1
%            
 !
*+    5
ACA 
A  5,FF 70;8/71
A  
4;  
  game 
 40C 
      5 $ 
*+*+
%       *A+ *+
,sachlich6  FF 4;;1  9     A
38  ,
1*+,gleichsam1
 *+,als-ob6FF8/8D3/31
39% %
 
25
G  G A
  A!
the aesthetic attitude%$
   N     
%
 9
% 

 $ ,
1 - 
 $ '
         
 ! 
 *+ ,5
 1A 
%
% 

2 $ 
$ ,
1$   ,   
 1contemplated, in a non-objectifying manner, as a moment of
the manner of appearing 9     
 9
  as a moment of the
manner of appearance , FF 40(1 %     
           
in the mode of feeling
C       
26
$%
    $   ,  FF 8(4 8EE1 ' 
% 

,träumend1,selbstverloren1
$,wach6FPD(7.(7.81
$  
 G 
A
 
Concluding remarks
? !          
  $       
         5   !
  C(?
 %
   A   *  +
          
          ,
1 %         
 $  
% 
  
 5 "
6 $
!
 $
27

% $ 
  )          
       
  *+,$
 1  
,$ 1=$
 6

!% 

C $ $ 
A
   
'$  
             
9
!
<
!:,.//;1QUBVtudes phénoménologiques .4G.7,78G7;10G43
!<,.//31W<C2  =?,1WMetaphysik als Wissenschaft
7/;G7.3W? 
!<,././1-  =9A-Husserl Studies43.(4G..3
!-,.//.1Belief and its Neutralization"O$2Q"O
!?,.//01Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint.#P-%<=
%P-P"O$< 
!?,.//01The Origin of Our Knowledge of Right and Wrong#<$)%<$
)#2P"O$< 
!  : ,.//;1 )            
 WHusserl StudiesW.7,41(EE(0(
!-:$--,1Normativity, Meaning, and the Promise of PhenomenologyP< ./(0
28
)#,./.(1#"Husserl Studies 4E(.EG(73
)2>,./(41Normativity, Phenomenology in Husserl and Heidegger) ) QC
)2>,./(01C-C "- Burch et al. 20194.0487
)2>,./(31C - -Philosophy Today3/,(1.4E.8.
='",./..1*+  Ideas I.  :
,1The Husserlian Mind..4EP"O$< 
=:,(00;1X?XC"==Y,1Alterity and facticity8EG;8=
&C
=-,./(31"Philosophy Today 3/,(1./E..(
=-,./(;1C9Husserl Studies47(E(G(;0
>2,./(71Heidegger on Concepts, Freedom and Normativity) ) QC
:,./.(1Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences 20:281–
298.
::W,.//81WCK2CK'$W!<='>Y,1Edmund Husserl:
Critical Assessments of Leading PhilosophersH4..(G.74P"O$< 
 :,(00;1Having Thought. Essays in the Metaphysics of Mind) QC
 :,./(41==#:<) QC
M2)C%B9 %*"+Burch et al. 20190.;
',./(01"& Burch et al. 2019.E(.;0
 =,./.(1"% >C Husserl Studies
#,(08/1Cartesianische Meditationen und Pariser Vorträge. #22% 
-"A
 # ,(08/1 Die Idee der Phänomenologie: Fünf Vorlesungen. #  '!  % 
-"A6The idea of phenomenology%P=&C(00/
 # ,(08.1 Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und Phänomenologischen Philosophie. Zweites Buch:
Phänomenologische Untersuchungen zur Konstitution. # - !  H %  -
"A
#,(0871Die Krisis der europäischen Wissenschaften und transzendentale Phänomenologie. #'!
H% -"A
#,(0331Zur Phänomenologie des inneren Zeitbewußtseins ,(;04G(0(E1#< !F
% -"A
# ,(0E71 Formale und Transzendentale Logik. # C :  FH%   -
"A6Formal and Transcendental Logic%=)% -"A(030
 #,(0E31 Ideen zu einer reinen Phänomenologie und Phänomenologischen Philosophie. Erstes Buch: Allgemeine
Einführung in die reine Phänomenologie. #  & 2 D(%  -"A6
Ideas for a Pure Phenomenology and Phenomenological Philosophy. First Book: General Introduction to Pure
Phenomenology. %=9=D) $C )./(7
 # ,(0;/1 Phantasie, Bildbewusstsein, Erinnerung. #  # -  FF %  
-"A6Phantasy, Image Consciousness, and Memory. %:!! =2 
.//8
#,(0;71Logische Untersuchungen. Zweiter Teil. Untersuchungen zur Phänomenologie und Theorie der Erkenntnis.
In zwei Bänden. #  Q C FF %   - "A6 Logical Investigations.
%:"?P< & C(0E/
#,(0;;1Vorlesung über Ethic und Wertlehre ((0/;(0(71#Q-FFH=
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&C
#,././1Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins. Teil Band I. #Q-%H 
FPD()2 
-P,./(01%2- C "%Burch et al. 2019.073
-?:,.//.1? &P P The Philosophical review(((,(1.838
-H#),./(01%2 9A ? :=9
Z,1Husserl: German Perspective(34(0."O$?QC
-Q,./(019A "A :=9Z,1Husserl: German Perspective
(04./;"O$?QC
2C,./(81%# Husserl Studies4(.(4.43
2,.//012[  # WHusserl StudiesW.8,41.(0.44
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Chapter
Wir gehen aus vom Bewusstsein, und zwar setzen wir voraus den durchgehenden Unterschied zwischen Impression und Reproduktion. Jedes Bewusstsein ist entweder impressionales (aktuelles Vorstellen, Denken, Wünschen etc.) oder reproduktives (gleichsam Vorstellen, Denken etc.), und zu jeder Bewusstseinsartung gehören diese zwei genau parallelen Möglichkeiten.
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Die ersten drei Bände der vorliegenden,vier Teilbände umfassenden Edition bieten eine umfangreiche Präsentation von Husserls deskriptiver Erforschung der intentionalen Strukturen des Bewusstseins in den drei Hauptklassen von intentionalen Akten, den Verstandes-, Gemüts- und Willensakten. Der größte Teil der wiedergegebenen Manuskripte entstand in den Jahren zwischen 1908 und 1915. Im Jahr 1925 hat Husserls Assistent Ludwig Landgrebe auf der Grundlage vieler der hier edierten Texte ein umfangreiches Typoskript mit dem Titel „Studien zur Struktur des Bewusstseins“ angefertigt. Husserls fragmentarischer Entwurf einer Einleitung zu diesem Typoskript wird im ersten Band der Edition wiedergegeben. Der erste Teilband enthält Manuskripte, die der deskriptiven Analyse verschiedener Weisen der Objektivation in unterschiedlichen Aktformen und Aktvollzügen des Vorstellens und Denkens wie dem thematischen Meinen, dem Aufmerken und Zuwenden, dem Explizieren und Urteilen sowie dem Stellungnehmen gewidmet sind. Husserls besonderes Interesse gilt dabei der Beziehung zwischen Rezeptivität und Spontaneität.