MODERN FOUNDATIONS OF ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM
Abstract
All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The content and reliability of the articles are the responsibility of the authors. When using and borrowing materials reference to the publication is required. Collection of scientific articles published is the scientific and practical publication, which contains scientific articles of students, graduate students, Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, research workers and practitioners from Europe and Ukraine. The articles contain the study, reflecting the processes and changes in the structure of modern science.
Açar sözlər: orta məktəb təhsili, kollec təhsili, fundamental bilik və bacarıqlar, pul, vaxt Key words: high school education, college education, fundamental knowledge and skills, money, time In today’s world, there is a great demand for educated professionals in every aspect of workplace. The more educated a person is, the stronger his chances to get a well-paid job. However, diploma received from college should not be the main criterion to evaluate a person’s qualities. Considering that the necessary skills to be successful in life are mainly acquired in schools, colleges are not the only option to get the significant skills, and time and money spent on col
The article notes the main tendency of implementing voluntary type of health insurance in the majority of European countries. Furthermore, the purpose of the paper is to expand the idea of health insurance and to compare the voluntary form of insurance with it compulsory one
Sustainable socio-economic development of regions in the modern conditions of socioeconomic transformation in our country is the task of ensuring the independence and security of the national economy, its stabilization and stability, constant renewal and improvement. The article reviewed the problems of sustainability of regional socio-economic development, justified the conditions necessary for the sustainability of its development. The definition of the concept of sustainability of regional socio-economic development is given. Problems hindering the sustainability of regional development have been revealed. Based on the results obtained, the main priority directions of the regional economic policy on ensuring the sustainability of the regional socio-economic development were determined and the management instrument was proposed. Ensuring the sustainability of the socio-economic development of the regions requires new approaches in the determination of regional economic policy, working forms and methods of management. During the development of the regional economic policy to ensure the sustainability of socio-economic development, it is necessary to take into account the specific features of the region, determined by the share of the region's basic industries in the total volume of the country's output, the availability of the export sector in the economy of the regions, the provision of resource potential, the level of income and the mentality of the population.
THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION IN AZERBAIJAN
Aybaniz Huseinova
Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Azerbaijan
aybaniz_huseynova@unec.edu.az
ABSTRACT
The widespread use of distance education in accordance with the requirements of modern times allows more people to be involved in education. Thanks to distance education, people living in remote villages, people with disabilities, or those who for some reason cannot continue their education, also get a comfortable education.
Distance education is widely used in many higher education institutions of the world. For the last 10 years distance education in Azerbaijan is developing. Although distance education did not receive much attention in the early years, demand for this type of education has been growing over the past five years. A number of steps have been taken in this direction. Since 2010, the Ministry of Education has launched a distance learning project called “e-Learning Systems”. The main goal of the project is to involve children with disabilities in distance education, to support their integration in society, to improve their educational opportunities, to create Internet access by improving their ability to use computer and electronic resources.
Distance education programs are implemented at UNEC, ADA, West Caspian University and other universities. There are regularly organized trainings for professors-teachers of distance education with the participation of foreign experts. In the trainings there are provided information on a specially created platform, the methods and technologies used in distance education are considered.
We can positively assess the activity of the Distance Learning Center in the Training-Innovation Center of the Institute of Information Technologies of ANAS, as the most successful step in distance education. The distance education center conducts computer science classes for doctoral students and dissertators from different regions of Azerbaijan. The article discusses the steps taken in the field of distance education, the work done, as well as the experiences of leading world scientific centers and their application in educational institutions of Azerbaijan.
Keywords: Azerbaijan, distance, education, school, university
In the article, the landscape complexes of the Southern slope of the Caucasus react differently to differ-ent impacts and recreational loads on the example of the Gabala region, which is the object of study in terms of eco-tourism development. In this regard, safe loads for one natural complex have been found to be critical for others. Recreational use of forests has been found to be of great importance for increasing the resource potential of society. Field research In light forests with recreational grass cover, for example, in Bunut forests of Gabala region, oak-maple and oak-maple-hornbeam formations are not resistant to recreational vegetation. and the upper part of the soil is hard. As a result of trampling the seedlings, they perish. From this point of view, as a result of the transfer of forests around springs to private individuals, the forest is degraded, seedlings are trampled, the reaction force reaches a high level, anthropogenic pressure increases, and grass and moss cover is destroyed. Therefore, there are no young seedlings in the forests of Bunut. Forest grazing is more dangerous in this area. Thus, the existing seedlings are eaten by animals, trampled, and the soil is hardened. The current situation mainly affects a large area in the area around the basins of the Vendam, Damiraparan, Hamzali, Bum and Karachay rivers. Especially during the rainy sea-son, animals damage the soil surface and vegetation more, causing the destruction of grass and moss layers, which is unacceptable.
У монографії досліджено проблеми формування управлінської звітності в умовах застосування інформаційних технологій. Монографія є науковим дослідженням, яке відображає новітній підхід до системи інформаційного забезпечення управління підприємством з урахуванням розвитку інноваційних інформаційних технологій. Призначена для докторантів, аспірантів, магістрів, наукових працівників, викладачів та студентів вищих навчальних закладів, які досліджують проблеми управлінського обліку показників вартості підприємства.
The primary objective of the research is to investigate the influence of international integration processes on national welfare. Peculiarities of trade and economic liberalization of trade through mechanism of regional trade agreements (RTA) forming have been scrutinized. Integration, which develops due to RTAs, is the most important mechanism of the international cooperation in the field of economic policy. This integration is a coordination and protection mechanism, which functions in a broad spectrum of policies. An exceptional role of RTAs in reaching country economic security has been estimated. RTAs being a result of a compromise reached by protectionism and anti-protectionism forces have been grounded. Using tools of the multiple regression model, the influence of integration processes, in which Ukraine and China participate, on national economic growth rates and on GDP per capita (as major parameters reflecting national welfare level) was simulated. This allowed detecting of the positive direct dependence between the trade liberalization and economic growth rates, as well as the inverse dependence between the trade liberalization and GDP per capita, for both countries. Based on these regression models, economic growth rates and GDP per capita were predicted for next years; according to this prediction, graduate increasing of national welfare shall occur in Ukraine and China.
A Ukrainian intellectual-expert community is at the initial stage of forming a methodological basis of the rural economy ontogenesis that is determined, first of all, by the ongoing decentralization reform, a new role of the rural economy from the national perspective of a new (both coronavirus and post-COVID) economic reality in ensuring food sovereignty, economic recovery of the economy, in general, and rural territorial communities, in particular, with regard to new challenges associated with the ageing of the rural community, de-population, predominance of the rural employment in the rural area and financivization of relationships within the rural economic agents, ultimately creating a new normality of the operation and development of the rural economy. Taking into account that Ukraine has strategically outlined its aspiration for integrating into the European Community having successfully passed a forming phase of group dynamics (according to Bruce Tuckman), has moved to a conflict phase having enlarged its orthodox understanding to the absence of proper parity in the development of socioeconomic, financial-institutional processes inside the rural economy, having created the threats to its transition to comprehensive digitalization and «greening» of finances applied for it. In the European Union, this problematics has been studied and an analysis of searches of directions of its solution has been carried out since the 50s of the past century actualizing the necessity to typologize best regional practices, their implementation from the perspective of the agrarian policy with regard to iteration of the Public Finance Management System Development Strategy, directions of the modernization of state support for agricultural goods producers, a gradual transition from a support institution to an assistance institution.
To achieve the goal, which was defined as typologization of theoretical leverages and empirical inter-influences and inter-dependencies of the ontogenesis of the rural economy in the conditions of the implementation, by the European Community, of the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals as the basis for new strategying and financivization (including their «greening») of its development in our country, the methods were used: of induction and deduction, comparison and systematization — in researching the historiography of the notion «rural economy», penetrating it with a «financial» spirit and processes of «greening» financial-economic relationships of the economic agents of the rural economy; of synthesis and analysis — for characterization of financial support (assistance) of the rural economy with regard to modern approaches to the establishment and development of the Common Agricultural Policy in the EU member countries in order to implement a comprehensive regulatory European-colored movement towards digitalization and financivization including the post-COVID financial recovery of the rural economy, the formation of the basis for the financial central focus on local value added; of morphological analysis — for a new parametrization of the rural economy with regard to evolvement of the financial vector towards stimulating agro-producers for sustainable and comprehensive development; a graphical method — for vivid presentation of theoretical and methodical material; а abstract-logical method — for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions from the conducted research.
Formed typologies of theoretical leverages of the rural economy enabled to clearly crystallize the parameters inherent to it only, in particular: goal-oriented collaboration of various economic activity types carried out within the rural territorial community in order to form local value added, ensure local food sovereignty and food security, create conditions for developing integrated corporate associations based on symbiomatics of the agrarian and construction economies; both enterprises (corporations, agro-food clusters) and individual entrepreneurs as well as households determining the operation of the food market and focusing the financial system on the respective genotype of economic agents involved in the rural economy, act as the entities of the rural economy; the compliance id provided, with the principle of sustainable and inclusive development, the «green» ontogenesis of the system of state support (assistance) of agro-producers; the orientation is substantiated, towards a new scaling of rural construction projects, social infrastructure including that involved in counteracting a coronavirus infection providing conditions for meeting the intellectual-staff needs of economic agents-stakeholders of the rural economy.
Conducted generalization enabled to single out a number of modernization stages of the EU Common Agricultural Policy, in particular, in terms of mass-qualitative and mass-variable characteristics of financial support (assistance) of agro-producers as well as characterize the current central focus in their development on the rural economy institution expressed, in particular, through rural territories (rural territorial communities) in terms of promoting implementation of village-saving projects of rural development and solution to financial-economic, social and ecological problems of the rural area.
A new European-colored parametrization of the rural economy has become a basis for formulating an own conceptual-categorical construct, in particular, the «rural economy» and its related financial-economic categories and notions as a system of the economic agents, whose activities being associated with the rural territory envisage using natural and other raw-material-climatic resources to meet the food needs of the community and perform financial-economic, social-food functions within the modelity of the operation of the national economy, with regard to the basic principles of sustainable and inclusive development, «greening» of state and local finances etc. The proposed definition relying on laid foundations in scientific studies of Ukrainian and foreign academic economists and actual parameters of development of rural territories, in particular, in respect of the mechanisms of financial support (assistance) in the EU member countries promotes further formation of the methodological basis for the harmonization of co-development of agrarian and financial policies in order to stabilize the rural economy, give it the signs of sustainability and European-formed financivization priorities.
Keywords: rural economy, financivazation, state support (assistance), agriculture, rural territory, agrarian policy, state and local finances, natural-climatic resources, «green» finances.
JEL Classіfіcatіon Q18
Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 20.
The tourism industry or sector is an important source of economic activity worldwide. The tourism industry plays a major role in providing huge employment opportunities directly. And at the same time, it also provides other employment avenues indirectly by supporting allied sectors or industry. The tourism industry continues to be one of the rapidly growing as well as one of the largest industrial sectors worldwide. The growth rate in tourism sector has been showing consistent increase annually and is expected to follow the same pattern in the future. The detailed report presented by UNWTO (2015) has revealed that tourism has turned out to be one of the "key drivers for socioeconomic progress" [1]. The contribution that tourism activity makes to State economies and to the global economy as a whole is immense. The safety and security of tourists is important for any tourist industry because incidents of crime, disasters or terrorism negatively impacts tourist destinations. Thus, it poses various challenges to tourism industry especially in the era of vast media outreach. Unlike other factors, terrorism or political unrest can have major and consistent impact on tourism. Tourism is not just important for economic development but can serve as a tool for peace building. We will look at various measures in this paper such as improving destination image by managing perception of potential tourists. This can be managed by various methods such as through use of social media and conducting various sports events, national and international tourism conferences, extending discounts and offers, reducing security presence in tourist areas and developing various other unexplored areas which are less influenced by the conflict.
It is established that the competitiveness that is conditional on sets of institutions, policies and factors determining the country’s productivity transforms under the influence of challenges of sustainable development, which is reflected in international economic security strategies. The article’s objective is to investigate the compliance of the ideological foundations of the Sustained Development Goals with the assignment of productivity growth in countries. The research problem is to substantiate a stable causality between the Sustainable Development Goals and the economic security of countries and firms in the process of gaining new comparative advantages.
The following research methods were used to achieve the objective and solve the problem covers a set of specific methods of empirical research, analysis and synthesis, abstraction, idealization, generalization and induction.
The scientific novelty of the results is that the transformation potential of the sustainable development ideology and the resulting Sustainable Development Goals were investigated in the productivity context at macrolevel (country level) and mesolevel (firm level), which enabled: to establish the non-static nature of a comparative advantage under the influence of dialectic opposition of growth-based and development-based concepts in the economic security strategies of countries; to identify the increasing productive capacity as the fundamental interest of a country, going beyond the purely economic boundaries and overlapping with social, environmental and resource endowment dimensions; to classify the comprehensive development of a human, development of education and science, development of advanced machinery and technologies, science and technology progress, organizational and managerial improvements in the production as factors for development of productive forces.
This article presents the results of an expert survey as a method of empirical research to identify current problems, barriers, features, trends, and directions of the transformation of organizational culture, and applies the concept of “organizational culture” in evaluating the case of Ukrainian enterprises. First, the authors present the methodological approach, using the analytic hierarchy process, to evaluate the optimal scenario choice for developing the organizational culture of enterprises based on the twelve most important criteria and their systematization into four groups (adaptability, mission, consistency, and involvement). Second, they test a hypothesis that the optimal direction of transforming organizational culture depends on digital transformation which includes introducing digital technologies, information-powered enterprise ecosystems, innovative business models, and efficiency in B2B and P2P communications. Third, they argue that the key barriers hindering the effective development of organizational culture could be provisionally classified into seven groups: personnel, information, organization, marketing, education, technology, and investment-financial. Fourth, the authors evaluate the expediency of applying an integrated approach as a symbiosis and a constant inter-relation of influencing factors, constituent elements, digital competencies and skills, and information technologies. In conclusion, they summarize the findings of the study and discuss formulas to evaluate the impact of digital transformation on the organizational culture of enterprises in the information economy towards a people-oriented, innovative, customer-centric, and agile system in the case of Ukraine.
Growth of PRC's influence as a leading trade country has consequences for its trading partners; at the same time, over the past years China has become one of Ukraine's major trading partners. Studying current specificities of the countries' bilateral trade, opportunities and threats relating to it, developmental perspectives of trade-economic cooperation between Ukraine and PRC therefore certainly warrents further research. This article's aim is to study specificities of trade-economic cooperation between Ukraine and PRC; to ascertain dependence between national economic growth and the export to China; and to define 194 strategic tasks of the countries' cooperation for the time period until 2030. The main factors which influence strategic development of partner economic relations between Ukraine and China are determined on the basis of SWOT-analysis. A significance of China as a trade partner of Ukraine is defined and institutional basis for their trade relations is described. Direct dependence between trade turnover and gross domestic product of the countries is determined on the basis of modeled data using empiric gravitation model tools. Prospective directions of trade-economic relations are defined.
This essay covers the ways in which the Indian private business sector has been harnessed in India's economic diplomacy, with a number of examples and the learnings from these.
This paper examines the economic relationships between oil price volatility and socially-economic development of 14 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) using the annual panel data for the period 1990–2014 obtained from the World Bank (WB) statistical data sets. Hausman specification test has been performed to choose the method of panel data analysis, and the results were in favor of fixed effects estimation. The main findings indicate the direct relationship between economic growth and oil price volatility. The research supports the hypothesis that an increase in crude oil prices is positively related to GDP, and a 10% increase in oil prices correlates with 0.6-4% GDP improvements. Structural changes in employment in favor of service sector are negatively correlated with GDP per capita. Changes in GDP structure in favor of oil rents on 10% lead to the shrinking of GDP on 1%. Life expectancy at birth, as an indirect indicator of health, positively influences the economic growth indicators and an improvement in life expectancy on one percentage leads on average to 1% growth in GDP and 0.5-1.33% growth in GDP per capita. Energy efficiency improvements are positive drivers of GDP values at OPEC, and our findings suggest that a 10% increase at GDP per unit of energy use leads to 3% increase of GDP itself. The study recommends investing in energy efficiency, human capital, and capital formation to guarantee long-run economic development and prosperity of OPEC counties.
The papers in this volume study the relationship between language use and the concept of the “tourist gaze” through a range of communicative practices from different cultures and languages. From a pragmatic perspective, the authors investigate how language constantly adapts to contextual constraints which affect tourism discourse as a strategic meaning-making process that turns insignificant places into desirable tourist destinations. The case studies draw on both, in situ interactions with visitors, such as guided tours and counter information, old and new mediatized genres, i.e. guide books, travelogues, print advertising as well as TV-commercials, service web-sites and apps. Despite the diversity of data, one of the common findings in the volume is that staging the sensory ‘lived’ tourist experience is the lynchpin of all communicative practices. Hence, the use of tourism language reveals itself as the mirror of how ‘people on the move’ continuously enact as ‘tourists’ and ‘places’ are constructed as must-see ‘sights’.
This volume will be useful for researchers and students in tourism studies, communication and media studies and applied linguistics.
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The article examines past and present changes in the system of commercial diplomacy of Ukraine in the context of external and internal, old and new challenges. The aim of the study is to propose recommendations for the improvement of existing model and to identify lessons learned from Ukrainian experience that could be useful for developing countries. The relevancy of the study is conditioned by the need to enhance the effectiveness of Ukraine’s commercial diplomacy in the face of existing challenges. The applied methodology is a combination of methods used for theoretical and empirical research (observation, comparison, analysis and synthesis, system and structural analysis). We found that present distorted organizational set-up of Ukraine’s commercial diplomacy is the result of the uncompleted process of integration of management of international economic relations to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. We argue that the introduction of a unified model is untimely but can be considered as promising in a more distant future. Ukraine’s experience shows that without necessary prerequisites (a certain level of economic development and role in international relations, which require clear strategic vision and effective coordination of traditional and commercial diplomacies) and proper implementation, the introduction of the unified model is unlikely to lead to the desired outcome. Results of the analysis also indicate that the promotion of export and investment needs further impetus. Suggested recommendations address both organizational and practical aspects of Ukraine’s commercial diplomacy. Their implementation would have a positive impact on the style and effectiveness of Ukraine’s commercial diplomacy and, therefore, competitiveness of the national business.
Energy consumption reduction and energy efficiency improvement are recognized as global priorities in the context of the green economy and sustainable development. In this paper, determinants of energy efficiency and energy consumption for the panel of 11 post-communist countries in the Eastern Europe during 1996–2013 are investigated. The stochastic frontier function approach and comparative analysis were used to examine long-run dynamic relations. The research results show that GDP growth is a key factor increasing both energy efficiency and energy consumption. The research results on energy efficiency relations show that CO2 emissions per capita, a fixed capital and the share of industry in the economy are other important drives. In the context of per capita energy consumption growth, the factors of structural changes determined by industry share in the national economy and innovation concerned with development and implementation of high technologies are significant. The European Union accession and participation in the European energy policy promote to energy efficiency improvements in the post-communist countries while progress in governance and enterprise restructuring as measured by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development is not important for energy efficiency and per capita energy consumption in the post-communist countries. According to the research results, energy efficiency policy in the sample countries should be aimed at providing further economic growth enhancing a positive impact of other factors and implementing energy efficiency projects.
The Nordic countries represent an institutional setting with tax-based health care financing and universal access to health care services. Very few health care services are excluded from what are offered within the publically financed health care system. User fees are often non-existing or low and capped. Nevertheless, the markets for voluntary private health insurance (VPHI) have been rapidly expanding. In this paper we describe the development of the market for VPHI in the Nordic countries. We outline similarities and differences and provide discussion of the rationale for the existence of different types of VPHI. Data is collected on the population covered by VPHI, type and scope of coverage, suppliers of VPHI and their relations with health providers. It seems that the main roles of VPHI are to cover out-of-pocket payments for services that are only partly financed by the public health care system (complementary), and to provide preferential access to treatments that are also available free of charge within the public health care system, but often with some waiting time (duplicate).
The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the chosen conditions, encouraging and hindering the development of the private health insurance in Poland. Individual kinds of private health insurance were identified based on the actual market offer. The main part of the work constitutes description and analysis of the main and characteristic for Poland conditions, influencing the private health insurance. Moreover, the work includes partial comparative analysis of Polish and chosen European healthcare systems. These systems vary in different forms of financing of health services or the amount of expenses on the healthcare system. Therefore, private health insurances function in many countries on different principles, what influences significantly their role in the healthcare system. In Poland, private health insurances exist as supplementary insurances related to the basic system. It is allowed, to a certain extent, competition with the public system. Relatively better quality of health services available through private insurances is one of factors for the dynamic growth of the value of this market in Poland in the last years.
Purpose
Effective internal communication is crucial for successful organisations as it affects the ability of strategic managers to engage employees and achieve objectives. This paper aims to help organisations improve internal communication by proposing theory with the potential to improve practice.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper identifies gaps in the academic literature and addresses calls for discussion and definition of internal communication, for theory on its mandates, scope and focus and to counteract the tendency to treat employees as a uni‐dimensional “single public”. To address these gaps, internal communication is defined and positioned within the corporate communication school of thought.
Findings
The paper proposes an Internal Communication Matrix which could be used to supplement other forms of internal situational analysis and as an analytical tool which may be applied to the strategic analysis, planning and evaluation of internal communication.
Practical implications
Strategic communication practitioners are offered a fresh perspective from which to consider internal communication. The Internal Communication Matrix proposed here could be used to supplement other forms of internal situational analysis and as an analytical tool which may be applied to the strategic analysis, planning and evaluation of internal communication. The internal corporate communication concept offers a lens through which communicators can consider communication strategy and tactics.
Originality/value
This paper's theoretical contribution is significant as it addresses gaps in the literature on internal communication. It does this by conceptualising a multidimensional stakeholder approach summarised in the Internal Communication Matrix. This approach is significant since it broadens previous approaches. The paper introduces the concept of internal corporate communication and argues that it should be a key focus for corporate communication theory and practice as it concerns all employees.
Resumo. Foi objectivo deste trabalho explorar a metodologia DSDM (Dynamic Systems Development Methodology). Depois de uma breve explicação sobre as metodologias ágeis, onde a DSDM se insere, foram apresentados os seus prin-cípios e processos, bem como os prós e contras da sua utilização. Em anexo, decidimos apresentar um exemplo real dado pela consultora norte-americana Michelle Johnston para a importância da DSDM em soluções de comércio elec-trónico. 1. Introdução A DSDM (Dynamic Systems Development Methodology) insere-se no ramo das metodologias ágeis de apoio ao desenvolvimento de software. Esta metodologia, visa desenvolver uma aplicação com a qualidade desejada sem ultrapassar limites de tempo e orçamento. Para o conseguir, a DSDM foca-se na interacção com o cliente e o utilizador final, entrega de protótipos frequentes, equipas de desenvolvimento autó-nomas, testes massificados durante todo o processo e na definição de prioridades entre a lista de requisitos dada pelo cliente. As três fases que constituem esta metodo-logia, assim como os seus processos, princípios e casos de utilização, são explicados neste artigo de síntese, realizado para a disciplina de Engenharia de Software, do 3º ano da Licenciatura A maioria do desenvolvimento de software é feita de forma caótica, vulgarmente caracterizada pelo método programar e corrigir. O código é feito sem um planea-mento aprofundado do problema, sendo muitas vezes agregado a porções de código distinto para a resolução de pequenos problemas que surgem conforme o software vai sendo desenvolvido. Este procedimento é eficaz para pequenas aplicações mas, com o aumento do sistema construído, torna-se bastante mais difícil adicionar novas funcionalidades ao progra-ma ou alterar outras já existentes. Além disso, os bugs tornam-se bastante mais fre-quentes e bem mais difíceis de resolver.
This article introduces both a conceptual and an analytical framework of economic diplomacy so as to contribute to sounder understanding of economic diplomacy's activities, tools and goals. While the state is not regarded as the only player, or as a coherent entity, it is assumed that the state is the primary actor in economic diplomacy. The conceptual framework discerns five strands of economic diplomacy, which involve tools and purposes that are relatively more commercial/economic or political in character and are thereby closer to the `business end' or `power-play end' of economic diplomacy. The analytical framework identifies four essential dimensions of economic diplomacy within which historically contingent change may occur: the context; tools; theatres; and processes. Interaction between these dimensions takes place in multiple ways. Building on the insights provided by these frameworks, the article analyses the foci, assumptions and methodologies of the research fields that are concerned with economic diplomacy, and discusses the strategic and ideological considerations that underpin it.
This study analyses the competitiveness and the pattern of trade flows/trade specialisation from Turkey to the EU on sectoral levels. Our research is mainly based on different measures of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) measures (in addition to simple Balassa Index). Accordingly, alternative RCA indices are calculated. The stability of different measures of RCA is also tested. The present work also aims to explain if the ongoing customs union process between Turkey and the EU has significant effects on trade patterns, comparative advantages and competitiveness. In the light of evidence, some policy implications are drawn.
It is substantiated that the basis for effective functioning of banking institutions in the conditions of uncertainty is the identification and management of risks inherent in banking activities. In view of this, the purpose of the article is to substantiate the nature, determinants and varieties of moral risks, determine their place in the system of risks of banking activities and develop proposals to improve the effectiveness of moral risks management in the context of economic uncertainty’s. The article determines that among the whole set of banking risks, moral risks are inherent in not only one, but almost all types of banking activity. Therefore, the emphasis is placed on the consideration of moral risks as a component of such systemic risks of banking activities as credit, market, operational and technological, currency risks and risk of change in interest rate. The necessity of considering the moral risks in the two-level plane, at the macro- and micro-levels is argued. It has been determined that one of the ways thus to neutralize moral risks, is to have a system of guaranteeing of banking deposits. It is substantiated that the detection of tendencies unwanted development of events with the purpose of subsequent neutralization of the negative consequences that can lead to one or another risk is carried out through an organized system of management of risk of the functioning of the bank. It is determined that the system of management of risks of the bank should be consistent with the risk classification, which is mandatory to separate into a separate group of moral risks, which will allow banks to have clear and transparent guidelines for building a system of management of risks in banks. Considering the specific nature of moral risks and the considerable level of their unpredictability, are proposed to create in the banks a separate department or position whose functional area of activity will be the identification, assessment and general management of moral risks, as well as to specify the tasks and methodological support of this department (position) in management of the moral risks of bank.
Based on the proposed trialectic approach the author explores the interaction of 3 groups of factors, namely materials and energy, information, and synergy in the formation and development of open stationary systems. Characteristics of this phenomenon for economic systems are analyzed.
Initially published in 2002, The Rise of the Creative Class quickly achieved classic status for its identification of forces then only beginning to reshape our economy, geography, and workplace. Weaving story-telling with original research, Richard Florida identified a fundamental shift linking a host of seemingly unrelated changes in American society: the growing importance of creativity in people’s work lives and the emergence of a class of people unified by their engagement in creative work. Millions of us were beginning to work and live much as creative types like artists and scientists always had, Florida observed, and this Creative Class was determining how the workplace was organized, what companies would prosper or go bankrupt, and even which cities would thrive.In The Rise of the Creative Class Revisited, Florida further refines his occupational, demographic, psychological, and economic profile of the Creative Class, incorporates a decade of research, and adds five new chapters covering the global effects of the Creative Class and exploring the factors that shape “quality of place” in our changing cities and suburbs.
Standard text on the creative economy. First published 2001. Revised 2007. Second Edition 2013.
We examine the competitiveness of Hungarian agriculture and food processing, in relation to that of the EU, based on four indices of revealed comparative advantage, using highly disaggregate data for the period 1992 to 1998. Consistency tests suggest that the indices are less satisfactory as cardinal measures, but are useful in identifying the demarcation between comparative advantage and comparative disadvantage. Hungary is shown to have a comparative advantage in a range of agri-food products, including animals and meat. This complements the findings of those studies that have used price and cost based approaches in identifying competitiveness in cereals and crops. Results indicate that the RCA indices, when interpreted as a binary measure, have remained surprisingly stable during the period of transition, although there is evidence of a weakening in the level of comparative advantage as revealed in the Balassa index.
Companies frequently opt to implement standardized project management (SPM), which can be defined as a standardized set of project management practices. These companies expect that such an approach will carry significant potential for improving project performance. To investigate this potential, we undertook an exploratory study into the impact of SPM on project performance in development projects in high-velocity industries. Our research started with the qualitative method using case study research to identify the major factors in SPM efforts on the organizational project management level (as opposed to the individual project level). Then, we developed hypotheses based on these factors and performed hypothesis testing to identify factors that impact project success. In addition, we conducted the follow-up interviews to enrich and refine our findings. Three major findings came out of this study. First, the variables of SPM tools, leadership skills, and process showed themselves to be of higher interest to standardization than the other independent variables because they may impact project success; second, these variables of higher interest are typically customized to fit the strategic purpose of the company; and third, companies tend to standardize project management practices only to a certain level.
Zusammenfassung Eine theoretische Bewertung von alternativen Messungen der HandelsintensitÄt offenbarter komparativer Vorteile. — In der Literatur
gibt es zahlreiche Indizes für offenbarte komparative Vorteile, die die tatsÄchlichen komparativen Vorteile annÄhernd wiedergeben
sollen. In diesem Aufsatz wird der theoretische Unterbau dieser alternativen Indizes bewertet und dabei die Aufmerksamkeit
auf die besonders relevanten IntensitÄtsma\e gerichtet. Als Basis für die Bewertung und Interpretation wird Kunimotos integrativer
Ansatz verwendet. Zwischen den verschiedenen empirischen Ma\en und dem theoretischen Konzept der komparativen Vorteile werden
Verbindungen hergestellt. Au\erdem werden die Beziehungen zwischen globalen und bilateralen Indizes der HandelsintensitÄt
angesprochen sowie angesichts der vieldimensionalen RealitÄt Bedenken über die Gültigkeit von LÄnder- und Gütervergleichen
vorgebracht.
In this paper we focus on cycles and trends of some macroeconomic and housing market variables representative of the French economy. In a first part, we empirically show that cycles in the housing sector, measured by housing prices, housing starts, building permits, sales or residential investment, are strongly correlated to GDP cycles with a lead lying between of one and four quarters, suggesting thus that a monitoring of housing fluctuations could bring useful information for macroeconomic forecasting. Interestingly, this result is robust to the various considered approaches. Moreover, it seems that the housing sector long-term trend possesses its own dynamics, quite different from the global French economic activity. Thus, in a second part, we review various structural factors that could drive housing market developments in France in the future.
Обліково-аналітичне забезпечення управління підприємств малого бізнесу
- Т А Гоголь
Гоголь Т.А. Обліково-аналітичне забезпечення управління підприємств
малого бізнесу: монографія./ Т.А. Гоголь. Чернігів: Видавець Лозовий В.М. 2014.
384с.
Обліково-аналітичне і організаційно-правове забезпечення діяльності аграрних підприємств
- Р Ф Бруханський
Бруханський Р.Ф. Обліково-аналітичне і організаційно-правове забезпечення
діяльності аграрних підприємств: монографія./ Р.Ф. Бруханський, М.К.
Пархомець, П.Р. Пуцентейло (та ін.). Тернопіль: Крок. 2015. 300с. с.130-131.
Удосконалення обліку, аналізу, аудиту і звітності у сучасних умовах глобалізаційних процесів у світовій економіці": Тези виступів 2 міжнародної науково-практичної конференції. (Ужгород, 21-22 квітня 2015 року )
- Т О Тарасова
Тарасова Т.О. Формування обліково-аналітичного забезпечення бізнеспроцесів./ Т.О. Тарасова// "Удосконалення обліку, аналізу, аудиту і звітності у
сучасних умовах глобалізаційних процесів у світовій економіці": Тези виступів
2 міжнародної науково-практичної конференції. (Ужгород, 21-22 квітня 2015
року ). Ужгород: ДВНЗ "УжНУ". 2015. С.225-226.
Обліково-аналітична інформація як суттєвий чинник функціонування системи економічної безпеки підприємства
- О В Лук'янець
Лук'янець О.В. Обліково-аналітична інформація як суттєвий чинник
функціонування системи економічної безпеки підприємства./О. В. Лук'янець//
"Бухгалтерський облік в управлінні підприємством: проблеми теорії та
практики": матеріали Міжнародної науково-практичної інтернет-конференції. (м.
Полтава, 20-23 жовтня 2014 р.). Полтава: ПУЕТ. 2014. 309с.