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Dirasat: Shari’a and Law Sciences, Volume 49, No. 4, 2022
126
The Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Line with the International Human Rights Law
Ghofran M. I. Hilal
1
* , Yousra M. M. Chabaan
2
Amel M. M. Njehi
3
1 Department of Public Law, School of Law, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
2 Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law, University of Ain-Shams, Cairo, Egypt.
3 Department of Public Law, Faculty of Law, University of Avignon, Avignon, France.
Received: 6/5/2022
Revised: 14/6/2022
Accepted: 25/7/2022
Published: 1/12/2022
* Corresponding author:
g.hilal@ju.edu.jo
Citation: Hilal, G. M. I., Chabaan, Y. M.
M., & Njehi, A. M. M. (2022). The
Governance of Artificial Intelligence in
Line with the International Human Rights
Law. Dirasat: Shari’a and Law
Sciences, 49(4), 126–138.
https://doi.org/10.35516/law.v49i4.1173
Abstract
Objectives: This paper aimed to analyze the governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
from the human rights (HR) perspective. It started with identifying the relationship
between AI and HR through the evaluation of the opportunities and risks that AI poses
to HR. It also examined the international human rights law rules adequacy for the
protection of individuals from these risks. Moreover, it provided a vision for the
possibility of the governance of AI to be in line with HR.
Methods: The inductive-analytical approach was followed by examining the impact of
AI on HR, as well as analyzing the most important instruments related to HR protection
while stating their role in regulating the governance of these technologies to preserve
human rights and dignity of individuals.
Results: The paper reached several results, to mention some: AI opens new horizons for
the development of human civilization, however, it poses many social and legal risks to
both individuals and States. We have also found that the general rules regulating HR
and stipulated in international instruments are insufficient to accommodate the
development of AI technologies.
Conclusions: The paper concluded that AI must be developed by adopting an approach
based on consolidated ethical values and principles of respect for HR. Moreover, it
emphasized also the importance of internationally unifying general principles or adopting
guidelines to regulate AI under the umbrella of the United Nations. It is necessary to
involve all relevant parties such as governments, international organizations, and
independent experts involved with AI in formulating these guidelines.
Keywords: International human rights law, algorithms, big data, robots, equality and
non-discrimination, artificial intelligence.
1
2
3
© 2022 DSR Publishers/ The University
of Jordan.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY-NC) license
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/b
y-nc/4.0/
127
2021MujahidDahshan, 2020
Saeed, 2021
Al-Khalidi, 2021; Dahiyat, 2019
Hassan, 2021
●
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4942022
128
Andersen, 2018, p.8
Andersen, 2018, p.8
IBM Cloud Education, 2020
UNDP, 2018, p.9
Andersen, 2018,p.8
129
IBM Cloud Education, 2020
NSTC, 2016, p.7
Narain et al., 2019
SiriAlexa
Tai, 2020, p.339-340
Tai, 2020, p.340
Osoba &Welser, 2017, p.22
4942022
130
UNDP, 2018, p.4
Meguenani & Mokadem, 2019, p.2
Tai, 2020, p.340
194827
Pauwels
Atallah, 2020, p.37.
Nakamitsu
1972
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Nakamitsu
Tai, 2020, p.341
Elmaria, 2021, p.827
Osoba & Welser, 2017, p.2
Tai, 2020, p.340
OHCHR, 2012a, p.15
Tai, 2020, p.340
Hassan,
2021, p.278
Rodrigues, 2020, p.2
Dahshan 2020, p.116
Abdel Razek, 2021, p.232-233
4942022
132
Lufkin, 2017
OHCHR, 2012b, p.10
OHCHR, 2011a, p.3
2011
OHCHR, 2011a, p.28
Andersen, 2018, p.18
133
OHCHR, 2012b, p.10
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Amnesty International
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et al., 2019
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European Commission, 2019, p.13
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OECD, 2022, p.3
European Commission, 2019, p.11
UNICRI, 2020, p.4
Mpinga et al.,
2022, p.236
UNICRI, 2020, p.3
UNICRI, 2020, p.4
4942022
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