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The knowledge, atudes, and pracces of hikers towards discarded used toilet
paper in USA wilderness areas
Abstract
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Figure 1. KAP survey locations. Sawtooth Wilderness (SW), Mt Evans Wilderness (MEW), Lost Creek Wilderness (LCW), and
Kachina Peaks Wilderness (KPW). Outline depicts US Forest Service Regions 2, 3, and 4.
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Table 1. Spatial analysis results and photos of DUTP. Analysis results from: GC = Goose Creek, LCW, CO; HL = Helms
Lake, MEW, CO; CO = total Colorado locations. AL1 = Alice Lake, SW, ID; AL2 = Alpine Lake, SW, ID; SL = Sawtooth
Lake, SW, ID; ID = total Idaho locations. ALL = data from all five campsite area locations.
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Figure 2. Respondent knowledge about DUTP. Respondent answers to four survey questions: A) Did you see any information
specifically addressing packing out your used toilet paper? B) Is toilet paper biodegradable? C) Where did you learn your
outdoor ethic? D) Do you consider DUTP litter or human waste?
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Table 2. Visitor attitudes toward seeing DUTP. Respondent answers to four survey questions: A) Please describe the impact of
seeing DUTP B) What challenges do you face with packing out your used toilet paper? C) What would make you more likely to
pack out your used toilet paper? D) What solutions do you have for decreasing quantities of DUTP in wilderness areas?
Figure 3. Type of impact Respondents experience from seeing DUTP.
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Figure 4. Threshold levels of seeing DUTP at a campsite before not returning to a wilderness has already been
breached. A) Respondent stated tolerance levels (Gold) with a mean of 2.9, SD = 2.2, range 1–6+, and stated
incidences of DUTP seen during trip (Blue, mean of 0.4, SD = 0.8, range 0–3). Spatial data (Crimson dot line)
showed a mean of 4.8 incidences at surveyed campsites, SD = 6.8. B) Distribution tolerance for Day hikers (3.6),
Overnight hikers (2.8), and Multiday hikers (3.8).
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Table 3. Respondents ranking of degradation type.
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Table 4. Respondent preparedness, based on products brought into wilderness. Respondents often brought in
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Box 1. Respondent recommendations for decreasing quantities of DUTP.
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4. Discussion
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Figure 5. Maps showing highest campsite density of DUTP. A) Map of Sawtooth Wilderness. B). Heat map
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Figure 6. Identified root causes of and resulting negative impacts of DUTP in USA wilderness areas.
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Supplemental Figures and Tables
32
Table S1. Quotes from respondents on A) impacts of seeing DUTP, B) challenges faced to packing out DUTP, C) what would
make them more likely to pack out toilet paper, and D) solutions to decreasing amounts of DUTP in wilderness areas.
Figure S1. Example of a voluntary wilderness use permit form.
33
Table S2. 57 survey questions, grouped by seven survey themes. Knowledge (#), attitudes (*), and practices (^) can overlap but
marks are assigned to the concept most closely aligning to that category. Questions can be proxies for KAP.
Table S3. Respondent knowledge about DUTP. Trailhead exit survey questions
related to respondent knowledge about DUTP.