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Are High-quality Photos More Popular Than Low-quality Ones? A Quantitative Study
Abstract
Social media popularity has increased over the years. Millions of images are uploaded and shared on social media daily. Image popularity prediction is extensively studied over past years. Several research works have shown that image content and social context play an important role in predicting image popularity. However, the impact of image aesthetics and quality on popularity has not been studied in detail until now. In this paper, we report a detailed study and analysis for finding the correlation between image quality/aesthetics and image popularity. To solidify the understanding of the impact, we present experimental results that are conducted on SMP 2020 and ICIP image popularity 2020 datasets to investigate if a high quality image or an aesthetically pleasing image is likely to be popular. We found that image aesthetics is moderately correlated with image popularity while quality is less so.
Time information plays a crucial role on social media popularity. Existing research on popularity prediction, effective though, ignores temporal information which is highly related to user-item associations and thus often results in limited success. An essential way is to consider all these factors (user, item, and time), which capture the dynamic nature of photo popularity. In this paper, we present a novel approach to factorize the popularity into user-item context and time-sensitive context for exploring the mechanism of dynamic popularity. The user-item context provides a holistic view of popularity, while the time-sensitive context captures the temporal dynamics nature of popularity. Accordingly, we develop two kinds of time-sensitive features, including user activeness variability and photo prevalence variability. To predict photo popularity, we propose a novel framework named Multi-scale Temporal Decomposition (MTD), which decomposes the popularity matrix in latent spaces based on contextual associations. Specifically, the proposed MTD models time-sensitive context on different time scales, which is beneficial to automatically learn temporal patterns. Based on the experiments conducted on a real-world dataset with 1.29M photos from Flickr, our proposed MTD can achieve the prediction accuracy of 79.8% and outperform the best three state-of-the-art methods with a relative improvement of 9.6% on average.
Billions of photos are uploaded to the web daily through various types of social networks. Some of these images receive millions of views and become popular, whereas others remain completely unnoticed. This raises the problem of predicting image popularity on social media. The popularity of an image can be affected by several factors, such as visual content, aesthetic quality, user, post metadata, and time. Thus, considering all these factors is essential for accurately predicting image popularity. In addition, the efficiency of the predictive model also plays a crucial role. In this study, motivated by multimodal learning, which uses information from various modalities, and the current success of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in various fields, we propose a deep learning model, called visual-social convolutional neural network (VSCNN), which predicts the popularity of a posted image by incorporating various types of visual and social features into a unified network model. VSCNN first learns to extract high-level representations from the input visual and social features by utilizing two individual CNNs. The outputs of these two networks are then fused into a joint network to estimate the popularity score in the output layer. We assess the performance of the proposed method by conducting extensive experiments on a dataset of approximately 432K images posted on Flickr. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed VSCNN model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art models, with a relative improvement of greater than 2.33 of Spearman’s Rho, mean absolute error, and mean squared error, respectively.
This work addresses the task of forecasting the popularity achieved by images shared through social media over time. This task is known as “Popularity Dynamic Prediction”. The work is motivated by the fact that the popularity of social images, which is usually estimated at a precise instant of the post lifecycle, could be affected by the period of the post (i.e., how old is the post). To this aim, we exploited a recently released dataset for popularity dynamic prediction that includes about 20.000 images uploaded on Flickr and their sequences of engagement scores (i.e., number of views, number of comments and number of favorites) with a daily granularity. To build such a dataset, each image and its accompanying meta-data and statistics are downloaded within a few hours from the image posting on the social platform. Then, an automatic procedure collected the daily engagement scores of each observed picture for 30 days. The paper presents an approach in which the engagement score is formulated as a composition of two information associated to the evolution over time (shape) and the order of magnitude (scale) of the sequence. The two properties are inferred individually, then the two results are combined to predict the popularity dynamics over n days. This paper presents exhaustive experiments on the addressed task, evaluating a large number of experimental settings for the predictions of popularity sequences with different length n (n = 10, 20 or 30). In all settings, the prediction performed by the proposed method can be computed before the image is posted (i.e., at time zero).
The long-term interest of an enterprise should be to keep employees as long as possible, while at the same time they should deliver sustainable added value. The main goal of human resources management is to achieve success and competitive advantage through the strategic provision and deployment of capable and committed employees. The aim of the scientific paper is to point out the role of CSR activities in human resources management. We analyzed the topic in 331 food companies in Slovakia. The tool for analyze was the questionnaire based on the 5-degree Likert scale and controlled interviews. Data processing was performed using statistical program SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1. The statistical relations and correlations between variables were performed using Cronbach alpha, Spearman's test, Kruskal-Wallis´ test. Based on the results of our research and the verification of six established research presumptions, we can conclude, that we see important to ensure the balance between the working and private lives of all employees, not only managers, as well as provide the suitable space for their mental hygiene. The companies should deal with different opportunities within corporate philanthropy, which are closely related to the help and protection of various disadvantaged employees. It is also necessary to protect the intellectual property of employees and respect their rights and freedoms and systematically combat bureaucracy and corruption.
"SMP Challenge" aims to discover novel prediction tasks for numerous data on social multimedia and seek excellent research teams. Making predictions via social multimedia data (e.g. photos, videos or news) is not only helps us to make better strategic decisions for the future, but also explores advanced predictive learning and analytic methods on various problems and scenarios, such as multimedia recommendation, advertising system, fashion analysis etc.
In the SMP Challenge at ACM Multimedia 2019, we introduce a novel prediction task Temporal Popularity Prediction, which focuses on predicting future interaction or attractiveness (in terms of clicks, views or likes etc.) of new online posts in social media feeds before uploading. We also collected and released a large-scale SMPD benchmark with over 480K posts from 69K users. In this paper, we define the challenge problem, give an overview of the dataset, present statistics of rich information for data and annotation and design the accuracy and correlation evaluation metrics for temporal popularity prediction to the challenge.
In this paper, we present a Layer-wise Deep Stacking (LDS) model to predict the popularity of Flickr-like social posts. LDS stacks multiple regression models in multiple layers, which enables the different models to complement and reinforce each other. To avoid overfitting, a dropout module is introduced to randomly activate the data being fed into the regression models in each layer. In particular, a detector is devised to determine the depth of LDS automatically by monitoring the performance of the features achieved by the LDS layers. Extensive experiments conducted on a public dataset consisting of 432K Flickr image posts manifest the effectiveness and significance of the LDS model and its components. LDS achieves competitive performance on multiple metrics: Spearman’s Rho: 83.50%, MAE: 1.038, and MSE: 2.011, outperforming state-of-the-art approaches for social image popularity prediction.
Popularity prediction for the growing social images has opened unprecedented opportunities for wide commercial applications, such as precision advertising and recommender system. While a few studies have explored this significant task, little research has addressed its unstructured properties of both visual and textual modalities, and further considered to learn effective representation from multi-modalities for popularity prediction. To this end, we propose a model named User-guided Hierarchical Attention Network (UHAN) with two novel user-guided attention mechanisms to hierarchically attend both visual and textual modalities. It is capable of not only learning effective representation for each modality, but also fusing them to obtain an integrated multi-modal representation under the guidance of user embedding. As no benchmark dataset exists, we extend a publicly available social image dataset by adding the descriptions of images. The comprehensive experiments have demonstrated the rationality of our proposed UHAN and its better performance than several strong alternatives.
Prediction of popularity has profound impact for social media, since it offers opportunities to reveal individual preference and public attention from evolutionary social systems. Previous research, although achieves promising results, neglects one distinctive characteristic of social data, i.e., sequentiality. For example, the popularity of online content is generated over time with sequential post streams of social media. To investigate the sequential prediction of popularity, we propose a novel prediction framework called Deep Temporal Context Networks (DTCN) by incorporating both temporal context and temporal attention into account. Our DTCN contains three main components, from embedding, learning to predicting. With a joint embedding network, we obtain a unified deep representation of multi-modal user-post data in a common embedding space. Then, based on the embedded data sequence over time, temporal context learning attempts to recurrently learn two adaptive temporal contexts for sequential popularity. Finally, a novel temporal attention is designed to predict new popularity (the popularity of a new user-post pair) with temporal coherence across multiple time-scales. Experiments on our released image dataset with about 600K Flickr photos demonstrate that DTCN outperforms state-of-the-art deep prediction algorithms, with an average of 21.51% relative performance improvement in the popularity prediction (Spearman Ranking Correlation).
Millions of multimodal posts are uploaded, shared, viewed and liked every day in different social networks, where users express their opinions about different items such as products and places. While, some user posts become popular, others are ignored. Even different posts related to the same items shared by different users receive different number of likes and views. Existing research on popularity prediction aggregate all user posts related to different items without considering the preferences of individual user for the items in training a popularity model. This often results in limited success. We hypothesize that popularity of posts differs from one user to the other user, one item to the other items, and posts related to the similar users or similar items may be received the same number of likes. In this paper, we present an approach for predicting the popularity of user posts by considering preferences of individual users to the items. We factorize the popularity of posts to the user-item-context and propose a multimodal context-aware recommender for predicting the popularity of posts. Using our proposal we have the ability of predicting the popularity of posts related to different items which are shared by a specific user. Moreover we are able to predict the popularity of posts shared with different users for a specific item. We evaluate our approach on an Instagram user posts dataset with over 600K posts in total related to different touristic places, as items, in The Netherlands for the task of popularity prediction.
Automatically learned quality assessment for images has recently become a hot topic due to its usefulness in a wide variety of applications such as evaluating image capture pipelines, storage techniques and sharing media. Despite the subjective nature of this problem, most existing methods only predict the mean opinion score provided by datasets such as AVA [1] and TID2013 [2]. Our approach differs from others in that we predict the distribution of human opinion scores using a convolutional neural network. Our architecture also has the advantage of being significantly simpler than other methods with comparable performance. Our proposed approach relies on the success (and retraining) of proven, state-of-the-art deep object recognition networks. Our resulting network can be used to not only score images reliably and with high correlation to human perception, but also to assist with adaptation and optimization of photo editing/enhancement algorithms in a photographic pipeline. All this is done without need of a "golden" reference image, consequently allowing for single-image, semantic- and perceptually-aware, no-reference quality assessment.
Prediction of popularity has profound impact for social media, since it offers opportunities to reveal individual preference and public attention from evolutionary social systems. Previous research, although achieves promising results, neglects one distinctive characteristic of social data, i.e., sequentiality. For example, the popularity of online content is generated over time with sequential post streams of social media. To investigate the sequential prediction of popularity, we propose a novel prediction framework called Deep Temporal Context Networks (DTCN) by incorporating both temporal context and temporal attention into account. Our DTCN contains three main components, from embedding, learning to predicting. With a joint embedding network, we obtain a unified deep representation of multi-modal user-post data in a common embedding space. Then, based on the embedded data sequence over time, temporal context learning attempts to recurrently learn two adaptive temporal contexts for sequential popularity. Finally, a novel temporal attention is designed to predict new popularity (the popularity of a new user-post pair) with temporal coherence across multiple time-scales. Experiments on our released image dataset with about 600K Flickr photos demonstrate that DTCN outperforms state-of-the-art deep prediction algorithms, with an average of 21.51% relative performance improvement in the popularity prediction (Spearman Ranking Correlation).
The increase in the popularity of social media has shattered the gap between the physical and virtual worlds. The content generated by people or social sensors on social media provides information about users and their living surroundings, which allows us to access a user’s preferences, opinions, and interactions. This provides an opportunity for us to understand human behavior and enhance the services provided for both the real and virtual worlds. In this paper, we will focus on the popularity prediction of social images on Flickr, a popular social photo-sharing site, and promote the research on utilizing social sensory data in the context of assisting people to improve their life on the Web. Social data are different from the data collected from physical sensors; in the fact that they exhibit special characteristics that pose new challenges. In addition to their huge quantity, social data are noisy, unstructured, and heterogeneous. Moreover, they involve human semantics and contextual data that require analysis and interpretation based on human behavior. Accordingly, we address the problem of popularity prediction for an image by exploiting three main factors that are important for making an image popular. In particular, we investigate the impact of the image’s visual content, where the semantic and sentiment information extracted from the image show an impact on its popularity, as well as the textual information associated with the image, which has a fundamental role in boosting the visibility of the image in the keyword search results. Additionally, we explore social context, such as an image owner’s popularity and how it positively influences the image popularity. With a comprehensive study on the effect of the three aspects, we further propose to jointly consider the heterogeneous social sensory data. Experimental results obtained from real-world data demonstrate that the three factors utilized complement each other in obtaining promising results in the prediction of image popularity on social photo-sharing site.
Images in social networks share different destinies: some are going to become popular while others are going to be completely unnoticed. In this paper we propose to use visual sentiment features together with three novel context features to predict a concise popularity score of social images. Experiments on large scale datasets show the benefits of proposed features on the performance of image popularity prediction. Exploiting state-of-the-art sentiment features, we report a qualitative analysis of which sentiments seem to be related to good or poor popularity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work understanding specific visual sentiments that positively or negatively influence the eventual popularity of images.
Time information plays a crucial role on social media popularity. Existing research on popularity prediction, effective though, ignores temporal information which is highly related to user-item associations and thus often results in limited success. An essential way is to consider all these factors (user, item, and time), which capture the dynamic nature of photo popularity. In this paper, we present a novel approach to factorize the popularity into user-item context and time-sensitive context for exploring the mechanism of dynamic popularity. The user-item context provides a holistic view of popularity, while the time-sensitive context captures the temporal dynamics nature of popularity. Accordingly, we develop two kinds of time-sensitive features, including user activeness variability and photo prevalence variability. To predict photo popularity, we propose a novel framework named Multi-scale Temporal Decomposition (MTD), which decomposes the popularity matrix in latent spaces based on contextual associations. Specifically, the proposed MTD models time-sensitive context on different time scales, which is beneficial to automatically learn temporal patterns. Based on the experiments conducted on a real-world dataset with 1.29M photos from Flickr, our proposed MTD can achieve the prediction accuracy of 79.8% and outperform the best three state-of-the-art methods with a relative improvement of 9.6% on average.
Social media popularity prediction (SMPD) aims to predict the popularity of the post shared on online social media platforms. This task is crucial for content providers and consumers in a wide range of real-world applications, including multimedia advertising, recommendation system and trend analysis. In this paper, we propose to fuse features from multiple sources by deep neural networks (DNNs) for popularity prediction. Specifically, high-level image and text features are extracted by the advanced pretrained DNN, and numerical features are captured from the metadata of the posts. All of the features are concatenated and fed into a regressor with multiple dense layers. Experiments have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model on the ACM Multimedia Challenge SMPD2019 dataset. We also verify the importance of each feature via univariate test and ablation study, and provide the insights of feature combination for social media popularity prediction.
The goal of research in automatic image popularity assessment (IPA) is to develop computational models that can accurately predict the potential of a social image to go viral on the Internet. Here, we aim to single out the contribution of visual content to image popularity, \ie, intrinsic image popularity. Specifically, we first describe a probabilistic method to generate massive popularity-discriminable image pairs, based on which the first large-scale image database for intrinsic IPA (IPA) is established. We then develop computational models for IPA based on deep neural networks, optimizing for ranking consistency with millions of popularity-discriminable image pairs. Experiments on Instagram and other social platforms demonstrate that the optimized model performs favorably against existing methods, exhibits reasonable generalizability on different databases, and even surpasses human-level performance on Instagram. In addition, we conduct a psychophysical experiment to analyze various aspects of human behavior in IPA.
This paper introduces the new challenge of forecasting the engagement score reached by social images over time. The task to be addressed is hence the estimation, in advance, of the engagement score dynamic over a period of time (e.g., 30 days) by exploiting visual and social features. To this aim, we propose a benchmark dataset that consists of 20K Flickr images labelled with their engagement scores (i.e., views, comments and favorites) in a period of 30 days from the upload in the social platform. For each image, the dataset also includes user’s and photo’s social features that have been proven to have an influence on the image popularity on Flickr. We also present a method to address the aforementioned problem. The engagement score dynamic is represented as the combination of two properties related to the dynamic and the magnitude of the engagement sequence, referred as shape and scale respectively. The proposed approach models the problem as the combination of two prediction tasks, which are addressed individually. Then, the two outputs are properly combined to obtain the prediction of the whole engagement sequence. Our approach is able to forecast the daily number of views reached by a photo posted on Flickr for a period of 30 days, by exploiting features extracted from the post. This means that the prediction can be performed before posting the photo.
In this study, we propose a novel iterative refinement approach to predict the popularity score of the social media meta-data effectively. With the rapid growth of the social media on the Internet, how to adequately forecast the view count or popularity becomes more important. Conventionally, the ensemble approach such as random forest regression achieves high and stable performance on various prediction tasks. However, most of the regression methods may not precisely predict the extreme high or low values. To address this issue, we first predict the initial popularity score and retrieve their residues. In order to correctly compensate those extreme values, we adopt an ensemble regressor to compensate the residues to further improve the prediction performance. Comprehensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the proposed iterative refinement approach outperforms the state-of-the-art regression approach.
A hybrid model for social media popularity prediction is proposed by combining Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with XGBoost. The CNN model is exploited to learn high-level representations from the social cues of the data. These high-level representations are used in XGBoost to predict the popularity of the social posts. We evaluate our approach on a real-world Social Media Prediction (SMP) dataset, which consists of 432K Flickr images. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective, achieving the following performance: Spearman's Rho: 0.7406, MSE: 2.7293, MAE: 1.2475.
This paper presents the method that underlies our submission to the popularity prediction task of Social Media Prediction Challenge 2017. The task is designed to predict the impact of sharing different posts for a publisher on social media. There are many factors that influence image popularity; these include not only the visual features of the image, but also the social features, such as user characteristics of its poster and even the upload time. In this project, we propose a fast and effective framework for popularity prediction. First, we investigate and extract visual and social features of images. For the visual feature, we introduce 1) global feature descriptors, such as Local Binary Pattern and Color Names, 2) local feature descriptors, such as Local Maximal Occurrence, and 3) deep features. For the social feature, we adopt users features (average views, group count, and member count), post features (title length, description length, and tag count), and time features (month, weekday, day, and hour). Furthermore, we fed a fusion of multi-feature to Linear Regression, Matrix Factorization based on Time and feature Cluster, and Support Vector Regression models respectively, and present comparative analysis of the prediction results. Finally, we choose the best model to predict the popularity scores of the test images. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve 0.8581, 1.4062 and 0.8625 in terms of Spearman Ranking Correlation, Mean Absolute Error, and Mean Squared Error, respectively.
Popularity prediction on social media has attracted extensive attention nowadays due to its widespread applications, such as online marketing and economical trends. In this paper, we describe a solution of our team CASIA-NLPR-MMC for Social Media Prediction (SMP) challenge. This challenge is designed to predict the popularity of social media posts. We present a stacking framework by combining a diverse set of models to predict the popularity of images on Flickr using user-centered, image content and image context features. Several individual models are employed for scoring popularity of an image at earlier stage, and then a stacking model of Support Vector Regression (SVR) is utilized to train a meta model of different individual models trained beforehand. The Spearman's Rho of this Stacking model is 0.88 and the mean absolute error is about 0.75 on our test set. On the official final-released test set, the Spearman's Rho is 0.7927 and mean absolute error is about 1.1783. The results on provided dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach for image popularity prediction.
Social media websites have become an important channel for content sharing and communication between users on social networks. The shared images on the websites, even the ones from the same user, tend to receive a quite diverse distribution of views. This raises the problem of image popularity prediction on social media. To address this important research topic, we explore three essential components that have considerable impact of the image popularity, which are user profile, post metadata, and photo aesthetics. Moreover, we make use of state-of-the-art predictive modeling approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed features in predicting image popularity. We then evaluate the proposed method through a large number of real image posts from Flickr. The experimental results show significant statistical evidence that incorporating the proposed features with ensemble learning method that combines predictions from support vector regression (SVR) and classification and regression tree (CART) models offers a satisfactory popularity prediction. By understanding the social behavior and the underlying structure of content popularity, our research results can also contribute to designing better algorithms for important applications like content recommendation and advertisement placement.
In this paper, we propose a unified framework for the residual learning and random forest regression for social media prediction task. Given a post including photo and its social information, the primary goal is to predict the view count of the post. In this regression problem, we first predict the view count based on random forest regressor for the social information. Since regressor tends to learn a relative soothingness model to avoid overfitting, the extreme high/low view counts of the poses are hard to predict. We solve this problem by using residual learning to refine the prediction. Based on this initial prediction, the residual value of the prediction and its ground truth is calculated. Then, the image and its social information will feed to 13-layers ResNet to predict the residual value to compensate the initial prediction for extreme high/low view counts. Experiments show that the performance of the proposed method significantly outperforms other methods.
Messages like "If You Drink Don't Drive", "Each water drop count" or "Smoking causes cancer" are often paired with visual content in order to persuade an audience to perform specific actions, such as clicking a link, retweeting a post or purchasing a product. Despite its usefulness, the current way of discovering actionable images is entirely manual and typically requires marketing experts to filter over thousands of candidate images. To help understand the audience, marketers and social scientists have been investigating for years the role of personality in personalized services by leveraging AI technologies and social network data. In this work, we analyze how personality affects user actions on images in a social network website, and which visual stimuli contained in image content influence actions from users with certain Big Five traits. In order to achieve this goal, we ground this research on psychological studies which investigate the interplay between personality and emotions. Given a public Twitter dataset containing 1.6 million user-image timeline retweet actions, we carried out two extensive statistical analysis, which show significant correlation between personality traits and affective visual concepts in image content. We then proposed a novel model that combines user personality traits and image visual concepts for the task of predicting user actions in advance. This work is the first attempt to integrate personality traits and multimedia features, and moves an important step towards building personalized systems for automatically discovering actionable multimedia content.
Predicting the popularity of Point of Interest (POI) has become increasingly crucial for location-based services, such as POI recommendation. Most of the existing methods can seldom achieve satisfactory performance due to the scarcity of POI's information, which tendentiously confines the recommendation to popular scenic spots, and ignores the unpopular attractions with potentially precious values. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, termed Hierarchical Multi-Clue Fusion (HMCF), for predicting the popularity of POIs. Specifically, we devise an effective hierarchy to comprehensively describe POI by integrating various types of media information (e.g., image and text) from multiple social sources. For each individual POI, we simultaneously inject semantic knowledge as well as multi-clue representative power. We collect a multi-source POI dataset from four widely-used tourism platforms. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the performance of predicting the attractions' popularity as compared to several baselines.
The content of today's social media is becoming more and more rich, increasingly mixing text, images, videos, and audio. It is an intriguing research question to model the interplay between these different modes in attracting user attention and engagement. But in order to pursue this study of multimodal content, we must also account for context: timing effects, community preferences, and social factors (e.g., which authors are already popular) also affect the amount of feedback and reaction that social-media posts receive. In this work, we separate out the influence of these non-content factors in several ways. First, we focus on ranking pairs of submissions posted to the same community in quick succession, e.g., within 30 seconds, this framing encourages models to focus on time-agnostic and community-specific content features. Within that setting, we determine the relative performance of author vs. content features. We find that victory usually belongs to "cats and captions," as visual and textual features together tend to outperform identity-based features. Moreover, our experiments show that when considered in isolation, simple unigram text features and deep neural network visual features yield the highest accuracy individually, and that the combination of the two modalities generally leads to the best accuracies overall.
The evolution of social media popularity exhibits rich temporality, i.e., popularities change over time at various levels of temporal granularity. This is influenced by temporal variations of public attentions or user activities. For example, popularity patterns of street snap on Flickr are observed to depict distinctive fashion styles at specific time scales, such as season-based periodic fluctuations for Trench Coat or one-off peak in days for Evening Dress. However, this fact is often overlooked by existing research of popularity modeling. We present the first study to incorporate multiple time-scale dynamics into predicting online popularity. We propose a novel computational framework in the paper, named Multi-scale Temporalization, for estimating popularity based on multi-scale decomposition and structural reconstruction in a tensor space of user, post, and time by joint low-rank constraints. By considering the noise caused by context inconsistency, we design a data rearrangement step based on context aggregation as preprocessing to enhance contextual relevance of neighboring data in the tensor space. As a result, our approach can leverage multiple levels of temporal characteristics and reduce the noise of data decomposition to improve modeling effectiveness. We evaluate our approach on two large-scale Flickr image datasets with over 1.8 million photos in total, for the task of popularity prediction. The results show that our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art popularity prediction techniques, with a relative improvement of 10.9%-47.5% in terms of prediction accuracy.
Hundreds of thousands of photographs are uploaded to the internet every minute through various social networking and photo sharing platforms. While some images get millions of views, others are completely ignored. Even from the same users, different photographs receive different number of views. This begs the question: What makes a photograph popular? Can we predict the number of views a photograph will receive even before it is uploaded? These are some of the questions we address in this work. We investigate two key components of an image that affect its popularity, namely the image content and social context. Using a dataset of about 2.3 million images from Flickr, we demonstrate that we can reliably predict the normalized view count of images with a rank correlation of 0.81 using both image content and social cues. In this paper, we show the importance of image cues such as color, gradients, deep learning features and the set of objects present, as well as the importance of various social cues such as number of friends or number of photos uploaded that lead to high or low popularity of images.
Image popularity prediction challenge
- A Ortis
Analyzing social science data
- D Vaus