Effects of Cement Replaced With Bagasse Ash and Bagasse Fiberin Concrete

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Effects of Cement Replaced With Bagasse Ash and Bagasse Fiberin
Concrete
Pandian V1, Ramasamy V2
1 Research Scholar, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
2Dean & Professor, Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu
Corresponding author: vpandian2021@gmail.com
Abstract
Concrete is that the most generally used construction material. One of the essential ingredients of
concrete is cement. During the manufacture of cement, an outsized amount of CO2 is emitted, which
affects the worldwide environment. With the increasing demand and consumption of cement, Scientists
and researchers are in search of developing alternate binders that are eco-friendly. This paper presents
the results of bagasse ash and bagasse fibre concrete. Cement is replaced with bagasse ash to reduce
the concrete cost, and also it causes the concrete property to improve, and environmental pollution will
be reduced. In addition to the bagasse ash, bagasse fibre is also added to strengthen the concrete
property. Cement replaced with bagasse ash percentage of 5%, 10%, 15%& 20% with the addition of
bagasse fibre percentage of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% & 2%, the workability is optimized and the
compressive strength at 28 days is increased by 24.63% compared with the control specimens. Using
bagasse ash and bagasse fibre does not affect the workability and it improves the concrete strength with
the help of reducing the environmental pollution.
Keywords:concrete, bagasse ash, bagasse fibre, compressive strength, environmental pollution
1. Introduction
India is one of the significant farming nations, and gigantic measures of agro-squander are arranged.
India has gotten the first in sugar creation; around 350 million tons of sugarcane is squashed every year
(Ganesan et al. 2007). In sugar enterprises, after the extraction of sugar squeeze, the remaining stringy
material is called bagasse, and it is utilized in the evaporator for power creation. After the consumption
of bagasse, the leftover debris is arranged as a loss in the closest landfill. It is assessed as 44,220
tons/day of sugarcane bagasse debris (SCBA) is placed in India (Bahurudeen et al. 2015)
straightforwardly to the land in country areas that cause extreme contamination.Similarly, an enormous
amount of marble squanders (MW) is arranged as a side-effect from Indian mines. For instance, 5–6
million metric huge marble slurry loads are placed from 4000 mines and 1100 preparing plants from
Rajasthan, India (DIMI 2013). Removal of sugarcane bagasse debris gets troublesome because of the
limitation of ecological specialists and land accessibility.Concrete is a broadly utilized material in the
development area because of its material properties and minimal effort contrasted with the other
development materials. Besides, infrastructural improvement and critical expansion in the private
development prompted a significant utilization of conventional Portland cement concrete in the new
occasions. One of the severe issues in concrete creation is an emanation of carbon dioxide and its
ensuing effect on an unnatural weather change. Practically 7% of overall CO2 emission and large
worldwide carbon dioxide outflow is from concrete plants (WBCSD/IEA 2018). Notwithstanding the

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carbon dioxide discharge, the broad mining of average restricted assets like limestone prompts
substantial creation as an impractical cycle.
Attributable to these issues, the use of elective materials is essential to accomplish manageable and
reliable creation. In prior examination contemplates, various materials were researched for use as
strengthening cementitious materials for the mixed concrete creation. The huge expansion in strength,
decrease in porousness just as the warmth of hydration was noticed for the mixed concrete cement
contrasted with ordinary concrete cement. The greater part of the examination considers or on fly
debris, slag, silica rage, rice husk debris and met kaolin as cementitious option materials.Numerous
possible materials, which are accessible in the wealth, is not utilized in the solid because of the absence
of portrayal, assessment of pozzolanic reactivity, and their cement exhibition. It is basic to describe
locally accessible pozzolanic materials with a legitimate assessment plan to accomplish compelling
cement usage rather than removal as waste. Pozzolanic character and fineness of the cement is the
major part of the concrete strength. Most of the authors recommended adding a sugarcane bagasse ash
was grounded at 800˚C for three hours to get the better pozzolanic character and fineness effect on the
concrete (Malyadri et al. 2015).
Suvimol S &Daungruedee C (2008) also recommend the Bagasse ash effect on pozzolanic activity and
cement use application. The sugarcane bagasse ash was added as a replacement of cement upto5% to
40%. The addition of the sugarcane bagasse ash increased the particle's fineness to certain levels, and
also it will affect the concrete flow, initial and final setting time, and improve the compressive strength
of concrete.NuntachaiChusilp et al (2009) also considered using grounded sugarcane bagasse ash as a
pozzolanic material in concrete. The results showed that the 20% replacement provides a 75% decrease
in strength for the unground bagasse ash and 20% replacement provides 80% -100% increases in
strength for the ground bagasse ash. The author further concluded that the ground bagasse ash with
higher fines provides more paste and higher compressive strength, great consistency, less water
requirement, and longer setting time.NuntachaiChusilp et al (2009) studied the ground bagasse ash
properties on the pozzolanic effect. In this study, the author maintains the w/c ratio and mix ratio was
kept constant. The ground bagasse ash particles provide more lubrication than the concrete. The author
concluded that the ground bagasse ash provides more workability than ordinary concrete.
Sivakumar M &Mahendran N (2013) studied the Experimental studies of strength and cost analysis of
concrete using bagasse ash. The author identifies the sugarcane bagasse ash was played an import role
in the earlier days of the strength. In this study, the authors conducted the experimental study with the
M20 and M25 concrete. The authors concluded that the cement replacement with 20% of sugarcane
bagasse ash provides a more effective compressive strength. Further, the author reveals that sugarcane
bagasse ash is cost-effective in concrete. Shruthi, Eramma, Yashwanth&Keerthigowda (2014)
conducted a study on M25 grade concrete with and with sugarcane bagasse ash of 700˚C to 800˚C
burned then grounded and sieve with 150-micron sieve. The authors studied the various proportions of
sugarcane bagasse ash concrete with a 0.5% w/c ratio at different ages. The author concluded that the
10% replacement of bagasse ash with the cement had increased the compressive strength than the
normal concrete. The author further conducted the analytical study; the analytical test was also similar
to experimental results.
Sagar, Dhengare, Raut, Bandwal&AnandKhangan (2015) conducted a study on the M25 concrete with
and without sugarcane bagasse ash on the workability. This study was conducted with the concrete
with and without sugarcane bagasse ash on the compressive strength and split tensile strength. The

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author concluded that the optimum percentage replacement was 15% sugarcane bagasse ash. The
author further reveals the 15 % replacement of sugarcane bagasse ash concrete provides 24.89 N/mm2
of compressive strength and 2.97 N/mm2 of split tensile strength.
2.Objectives
The objective of this work is to study the workability and compressive strength of concrete with and
without bagasse ash and bagasse fibre.
3.Methods
The coarse aggregate was crushed granite aggregate with a specific gravity of 2.79 and passing through
20mm sieve and retained on 12.5mm was used for casting all specimen. The concrete mix ratio
considered for the study was1:1.803:2.815 with a water-cement ratio of 0.42. Bagasse ash was used in
this study. Table 1 shows the properties of Bagasse ash. Bagasse fibre was used with an aspect ratio of
50 & 70. Figure 1 and 2 shows the bagasse ash and bagasse fibre.
Figure 1: Bagasse Ash
Figure 2: Bagasse Fibre
Table 1: Properties of Bagasse Ash
S.No
Components
Mass %
Physical Properties
1
Density (g/cm3)
2.52
2
Surface area (cm2/gm)
5140
3
Particle size (μm)
28.9
4
Colour
Reddish Grey
Chemical Properties
1
Silica (SiO2)
66.89
2
Alumina (Al2O3)
29.18
3
Ferric Oxide (Fe2 O3)
29.18
4
Calcium Oxide (CaO)
1.92
5
Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
0.83
6
Sulphur Tri Oxide (SO3)
0.56
7
Loss of Ignition
0.72
8
Chloride
-

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3. 1.Casting and Testing
Three 150mm cubes were cast for each variable to be examined the strength of concrete. A total
of 153 cubes with 17 batches were used in this work. Ingredients were selected and added to the mixer
taking all possible precautions to avoid the balling of fibres. All specimens were compacted using a
table vibrator. Experimental compressive strength was taken using a compression testing machine.
Two thousand kN capacity compression testing machines were tested in a standard manner to find the
compressive strength of cubes. The variables considered in the study were bagasse ash with a
percentage of 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% replacement of cement. In addition to the bagasse ash, bagasse
fibre was added with the percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% & 2%. The specimen details of concrete with
and without bagasse ash fibre were shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Specimen Details of Concrete With and Without Bagasse Ash & Bagasse Fibre
S.No
Specimen ID
Bagasse Ash, %
Bagasse Fibre, %
1
CC
0
0
2
B5F0.5
5
0.5
3
B5F1.0
5
1.0
4
B5F1.5
5
1.5
5
B5F2.0
5
2.0
6
B10F0.5
10
0.5
7
B10F1.0
10
1.0
8
B10F1.5
10
1.5
9
B10F2.0
10
2.0
10
B15F0.5
15
0.5
11
B15F1.0
15
1.0
12
B15F1.5
15
1.5
13
B15F2.0
15
2.0
14
B20F0.5
20
0.5
15
B20F1.0
20
1.0
16
B20F1.5
20
1.5
17
B20F2.0
20
2.0
4. Results
The compressive strength results are presented in Table 3.Figure 3 shows the percentage variation of
compressive strength at different ages of curing. From the compressive strength test results during the
seven days of the curing period, the 5% bagasse ash with the addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased
their strength by 11.95% compared with the control concrete the same age. The 5% bagasse ash with
the addition of 1.0% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 16.04% compared with the same age's
control concrete. The 5% bagasse ash with 1.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 11.02%
compared with the same age's control concrete.The 5% bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased
their strength by 4.70% compared with the same age's control concrete.The 10% bagasse ash with the

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addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 18.64% compared with the same age's
control concrete. The 10% bagasse ash with the addition of 1.0% of bagasse ash increased their
strength by 21.80% compared with the control concrete of the same age. The 10% bagasse ash with
1.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 14.18% compared with the same age's control
concrete. The 10% bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 9.16% compared
with the same age's control concrete.
Table 3: Test Results of Compressive Strength
S.No
Specimen
Designation
Compressive Strength at different
ages(N/mm2)
at 7 days
at 14 days
at 28 days
1
CB
23.9
30.5
35
2
B5F0.5
26.76
34.49
40.31
3
B5F1.0
27.73
35.33
40.87
4
B5F1.5
26.53
34.13
39.69
5
B5F2.0
25.02
32.84
38.44
6
B10F0.5
28.36
35.91
41.44
7
B10F1.0
29.11
37.47
43.62
8
B10F1.5
27.29
35.29
40.64
9
B10F2.0
26.09
33.73
39.51
10
B15F0.5
27.51
34.71
40.22
11
B15F1.0
28.04
36.22
42.24
12
B15F1.5
26.31
33.87
39.07
13
B15F2.0
24.80
32.31
36.89
14
B20F0.5
26.04
33.24
38.67
15
B20F1.0
27.07
34.76
40.24
16
B20F1.5
24.62
32.04
37.40
17
B20F2.0
23.96
30.40
34.89
The 15% bagasse ash with the addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by
15.11% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 15% bagasse ash with the addition of
1.0% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 17.34% compared with the same age's control
concrete. The 15% bagasse ash with 1.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 10.09% compared
with the same age's control concrete. The 15% bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased their
strength by 3.77% compared with the same period's control concrete.The 20% bagasse ash with the
addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 8.97% compared with the same age's
control concrete. The 20% bagasse ash with the addition of 1.0% of bagasse ash increased their
strength by 13.25% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 20% bagasse ash with 1.5% of
bagasse ash increased their strength by 3.02% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 20%
bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 0.23% compared with the same age's
control concrete.The compressive strength test results of the seven days ages of curing show that

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bagasse ash and bagasse fibre improve control concrete's compressive strength. At the seven days,
periods of curing the 1% bagasse ash with 1% of bagasse fibre was an optimum increase in
compressive strength.
Figure. 3. %Variation ofCompressive Strength at Different Ages of Curing
From the compressive strength test results during the 14 days of the age of curing, the 5%
bagasse ash with the addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 13.08% compared
with the control concrete on the same age. The 5% bagasse ash with the addition of 1.0% of bagasse
ash increased their strength by 15.85% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 5% bagasse
ash with 1.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 11.91% compared with the same age's control
concrete.The 5% bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 7.69% compared with
the same age's control concrete.
The 10% bagasse ash with the addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by
17.74% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 10% bagasse ash with the addition of
1.0% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 22.84% compared with the same age's control
concrete. The 10% bagasse ash with 1.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 15.70% compared
with the same age's control concrete. The 10% bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased their
strength by 10.60% compared with the same period's control concrete.The 15% bagasse ash with the
addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 13.81% compared with the control concrete
of the same age. The 15% bagasse ash with the addition of 1.0% of bagasse ash increased their strength
by 18.76% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 15% bagasse ash with 1.5% of bagasse
ash increased their strength by 11.04% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 15%
bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 5.94% compared with the control
concrete in the same period.
The 20% bagasse ash with the addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by
9.00% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 20% bagasse ash with the addition of 1.0%
of bagasse ash increased their strength by 13.95% compared with the same age's control concrete. The
20% bagasse ash with 1.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 5.06% compared with the same
age's control concrete. The 20% bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash decreased their strength by 0.33%
compared with the same age's control concrete.The compressive strength test results of the 14 days
ages of curing show that bagasse ash and bagasse fibre improve the compressive strength of control
-10
0
10
20
30
CB
B5F0.5
B5F1.0
B5F1.5
B5F2.0
B10F…
B10F…
B10F…
B10F…
B15F…
B15F…
B15F…
B15F…
B20F…
B20F…
B20F…
B20F…
% Variation of
Compressive Strength
Specimen Designation
At 7 Days
At 14days
At 28days

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concrete. At the 14 days age of curing the 1% bagasse ash with 1% of bagasse fibre, there was an
optimum increase in compressive strength. From the compressive strength test results during the 28
days of curing, the 5% bagasse ash with the addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by
15.17% compared with the control concrete of the same age. The 5% bagasse ash with the addition of
1.0% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 16.76% compared with the same age's control
concrete. The 5% bagasse ash with 1.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 13.40% compared
with the same age's control concrete.
The 5% bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 9.84% compared with
the same age's control concrete.The 10% bagasse ash with the addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash
increased their strength by 18.41% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 10% bagasse
ash with the addition of 1.0% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 24.63% compared with the
control concrete of the same age. The 10% bagasse ash with 1.5% of bagasse ash increased their
strength by 16.13% compared with the same period's control concrete. The 10% bagasse ash with 2%
of bagasse ash increased their strength by 12.89% compared with the same age's control concrete.The
15% bagasse ash with the addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 14.92%
compared with the same age's control concrete. The 15% bagasse ash with the addition of 1.0% of
bagasse ash increased their strength by 20.70% compared with the same age's control concrete. The
15% bagasse ash with 1.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 11.62% compared with the
control concrete in the same period. The 15% bagasse ash with 2% of bagasse ash increased their
strength by 5.40% compared with the same age's control concrete.The 20% bagasse ash with the
addition of 0.5% of bagasse ash increased their strength by 10.48% compared with the same age's
control concrete. The 20% bagasse ash with the addition of 1.0% of bagasse ash increased their
strength by 14.98% compared with the same age's control concrete. The 20% bagasse ash with 1.5% of
bagasse ash increased their strength by 6.86% compared with the control concrete in the same period.
The 20% bagasse ash with the addition of 2% of bagasse ash decreased their strength by 0.32% when
compared with the control concrete of the same age.
5. Conclusions
The experimental studies on the bagasse ash concrete with bagasse fibre show promising results
on the concrete's compressive strength. The bagasse ash helps to improve the voids on the concrete,
and bagasse fibre decreases the brittleness of the concrete. The concrete with 10% bagasse ash and
1.0% bagasse fibre shows the optimum results from the experimental studies. The 10% bagasse ash
and 1.0% bagasse fibre concrete was increased up to 28.63% percentage in compressive strength from
the control concrete at the 28 days of ageing.
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