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EARNINGS INEQUALITY AND WELFARE SPENDING: A DISAGGREGATED ANALYSIS
Abstract
Michael Wallerstein was a leader in developing a rigorous comparative political economy approach to understanding substantive issues of inequality, redistribution, and wage-determination. His early death from cancer left both a hole in the profession and a legacy that will surely provide the foundation for research on these topics. This volume collects his most important and influential contributions, organized by topic, with each topic preceded by an editorial introduction that provides overview and context.
... The literature on this subject has revealed two strands of research in these subject matter. The first strand, based on the fiscal theory of income distribution, argues that fiscal policy through government expenditure is detrimental to income inequality (Moene and Wallerstein, 2003;Samanta & Cerf, 2009;Bhatti et al., 2015;Aye and Odhiambo. 2022;Abramovsky and Selwaness, 2023;Gunasinghe et al., 2020;Smith, 2024;Kebalo & Zouri, 2024). ...
... Overall, fiscal policy plays a significant role in shaping the income distribution within a society. Studies on the impact of fiscal policy on income inequality have been based on the two stands that build on taxation policy as a means of reducing income redistribution (Muinelo-Gallo and Roca-Sagalés, 2013; Gupta et al., 2014;Cevik and Correa-Caro, 2020;Aye and Odhiambo, 2022;Gupta and Jalles, 2022;Malla and Pathranarakul, 2022;Wienk et al., 2022;Aye and Odhiambo, 2022;Brown et al., 2023;Carneiro 2023;Abramovsky and Selwaness, 2023); The second strand are those studies that believe in redistribution policy (Moene and Wallerstein, 2003;Samanta & Cerf, 2009;Bhatti et al., 2015;Heshmati, and Kim. 2014;Aye and Odhiambo., 2022;Abramovsky and Selwaness, 2023;Gunasinghe et al., 2020;Smith, 2024;Kebalo & Zouri, 2024). ...
... Income distribution is influenced by income replacement programs, such as disability, sickness pay, unemployment insurance, and occupational illness (Moene and Wallerstein, 2003;Gunasinghe et al., 2020). Social expenditure on education and human capital development predicts income disparity. ...
ScannThis study seeks to test the fiscal theory of income distribution in action in South Africa using low- and high-income earners, covering the period 1979–2022, using the Bayesian Vector Autoregression (BVAR) model with hierarchical priors. This study examines the impact of fiscal policy on income distribution among low-income and high-income earners. The results are interesting as they show that the impact of the Fiscal Theory of Income Distribution depends on the level of income, as the finding shows that for low-income earners, an unexpected increase in government expenditure decreased income inequality, while for the high-income, it exacerbated income inequality. While on the side, taxation is found to play a significant role in reducing income inequality for the high-income earners model, while for the low-income earners it was found to contribute to income inequality.The lagged response suggests that expectations and market dynamics play a crucial role in reducing income inequality regardless of income level. This study suggests that South Africa should adopt a balanced tax policy by combining progressive income taxes with targeted regressive taxes, while offsetting the burden on low-income groups through rebates, credits, and social programs. This would ensure an equitable distribution of burdens across income levels, with revenue from progressive taxes used to fund social welfare programs, such as education, healthcare, and affordable housing. This approach could reduce the wealth gap, promote social mobility, and create a more just society, making it an effective solution for income inequality in the country.
Teacher well-being is presumed to influence school effectiveness; however, empirical evidence within the Indonesian context remains limited. This quantitative study examines the relationship between teacher well-being and school effectiveness at Muhammadiyah Mlati Senior High School. Data were collected through a structured survey administered to 36 teachers using a Google Forms questionnaire of 20 items—10 related to teacher well-being and 10 to school effectiveness. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The findings indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between teacher well-being and school effectiveness (p = 0.033). However, the explanatory power of teacher well-being accounts for only 12.7% of the variance in school effectiveness. These results suggest that while teacher well-being contributes, its impact is relatively modest, highlighting the importance of other influencing variables such as administrative support, organizational climate, and infrastructure availability. The study offers theoretical contributions aligned with Self-Determination Theory and practical implications for policymakers and educational stakeholders, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that integrate teacher welfare, professional development, and managerial improvement to enhance overall educational quality.
Teacher well-being is presumed to influence school effectiveness; however, empirical evidence within the Indonesian context remains limited. This quantitative study examines the relationship between teacher well-being and school effectiveness at Muhammadiyah Mlati Senior High School. Data were collected through a structured survey administered to 36 teachers using a Google Forms questionnaire of 20 items-10 related to teacher well-being and 10 to school effectiveness. The data were analyzed using simple linear regression. The findings indicate a statistically significant positive relationship between teacher well-being and school effectiveness (p = 0.033). However, the explanatory power of teacher well-being accounts for only 12.7% of the variance in school effectiveness. These results suggest that while teacher well-being contributes, its impact is relatively modest, highlighting the importance of other influencing variables such as administrative support, organizational climate, and infrastructure availability. The study offers theoretical contributions aligned with Self-Determination Theory and practical implications for policymakers and educational stakeholders, emphasizing the need for comprehensive strategies that integrate teacher welfare, professional development, and managerial improvement to enhance overall educational quality.
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