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Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor ISSN 1110-0419
Vol. 60(3) (2022), 763 – 778 https://assjm.journals.ekb.eg
Potentiality Assessment of Non-Traditional Fodder for Conocarpus Trees with
Saligna, Atriplex, And Adhatoda Shrubs under NPK fertilization levels
Osman M.A., A.M.S. Ibrahim, H.M.M. El-Naggar and S.A. Seif
Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agric., Benha University
Abstract
A 2-Yr study was conducted at the Agricultural Research and Experiments Farm at the Faculty of
Agriculture , Benha University to evaluate the effect of NPK (low , medium and high) on vegetative growth ,
yield and chemical content of conocarpus tree and shrubs (saligna , atriplex and adhatoda). Conocarpus tree and
shrubs (saligna , atriplex and adhatoda) were fertilized with high (90:60:30 NPK kg fa-1) , medium (60:40:20
NPK kg fa-1) and low (40:20:10 NPK kg fa-1) in a split plot design where the conocarpus tree and shrubs
(saligna , atriplex and adhatoda) were in the main plots , while the fertilization levels were placed in the sub
plots , measurements were taken in autumn and spring during the two seasons of the study , the results show
that, all data of vegetative growth , yield and chemical content gave positive results, the three levels of
fertilization in both seasons under study and the increase was significant with the highest level of fertilization to
obtain the highest productivity and high chemical content of the fodder conocarpus tree and shrubs (saligna,
atriplex and adhatoda) and using them as non-traditional fodder.
Key words: conocarpus , saligna , atriplex , adhatoda , fertilization , yield , chemical content and non-
traditional.
Introduction
In Egypt, the shortage of fodder sources is
one of the main obstacles for the development of
animal production. Non-traditional plants fodder
may the deficit in animal feeds especially
Conocarpus lancifolius tree non-traditional fodder in
desert areas has the advantage of being sustainable ,
evergreen , has many branches and may be up to
twenty meters long. Soft branches are used for animal
feed especially for goats and camels (Nelson , 1996).
The contribution of saligna to livestock nutrition is
important in the marginal lands of arid and semi-arid
regions (El-Waziry et.al., 2018). Also , atriplex
grows well in deep soils with only 150-200mm of
rainfall annually and resists temperatures as low as
10 °C and as high as 50 °C (Muthik et.al., 2018) ,
while adhatoda belongs to family Acanthaceae is a
small-evergreen shrub found in many regions of the
world (Gangwar and Ghosh 2014). Fodder
trees/shrubs may , in addition , be grown in an
intercropping pattern with herbaceous forage crops.
This is to maximize nutritional yield value and to
minimize soil erosion. Leucaena (Leucaena
leucocephala) was alley cropped in hedgerows with
maize on N-deficient sandy soil in southern; Nigeria
according to (Kang et.al., 1981). Also,
L.leucocephala foliage mulch rates and its hedgerows
effects on maize yield were evaluated over a 4-Yr in
a sandy soil in Kenya (Mureithi et.al., 1994). Its
hedgerows impact were tested on maize yield in
loamy sandy soil in southern Egypt (Ebeid et.al.,
2011). However, despite the potentials of alley
cropping , these are relatively less comparable to
these of multi-canopy vegetation patterns. These
patterns comprise over story trees , mid-story shrubs
and annual/perennial ground cover forage crops
grown in-between alleys of these trees and shrubs
rows. Such patterns are more likely to main , to some
extent , fodder yield over extended periods , stabilize
net return income and sustain an ecosystem with its
grown plant species. The concept of ‘ multi-
functionality’ has been recently adopted , in which
multiple ecosystems need ne considered as a
management tool of fodder sources.
Materials and Methods
A field study was conducted at the Agricultural
Research and Experiments Farm, Faculty of
Agriculture, Moshtohor, Benha University, Qalyubia
Governorate, Egypt, during successive seasons
(2018/2019&2019/2020).
Physical and chemical characters of the used
soil are shown in Table (a), physical analysis was
estimated according to Jackson (1973) whereas,
chemical analysis was determined according to
Black, et. al. (1982).
764 et al. Osman M.A.
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
Table a. Physical and chemical properties of the experimental soil units at Moshtohor Agric. Exp. Station
during each of the two growing seasons,
Properties
Season 2018
Physical analysis:
Coarse sand (%)
2.09
Fine sand (%)
23.94
Silt (%)
21.74
Clay (%)
52.23
Textural class
Clay
Chemical analysis:
CaCo3 (%)
1.05
Organic matter (%)
2.09
N available (mg/kg)
0.88
P available (mg/kg)
0.31
K available (mg/kg)
0.71
E.C (ds. m-1)
0.93
pH
7.68
Table b. The prevailing Temperature (°C) at Qalyoubia Governorat during each of the two growing seasons.
Second season 2019
First season 2018
Season
Month
Min
Max
Min
Max
9.5
18.2
12.0
19.5
January
11.1
20.3
13.9
23.7
February
13.2
22.4
15.9
27.9
March
15.5
26.8
18.4
29.2
April
20.0
34.5
22.4
33.1
May
23.7
35.5
24.4
35.4
June
25.2
35.9
25.4
35.9
July
25.6
35.9
25.6
35.5
August
23.7
33.0
24.8
34.0
September
21.7
30.8
21.3
30.2
October
17.7
27.2
16.0
25.6
November
12.7
20.5
13.5
20.9
December
The experiment included 12 treatments which
were the combination of 3 intercropping (tree and
shrubs) x 4 rates of complete fertilizer NPK
treatments in 3 reps. Conocarpus lancifolius was
intercropped with 4 shrubs (Acacia saligna , atriplex
nummularia and adhatoda vasica). Seedlings of
conocarpus, saligna, atriplex and adhatoda were
obtained from the Agricultural Research Center farm
at the Faculty of Agriculture at Moshtohor , Benha
University and were planted in bags. The height of
conocarpus was 70cm , and the height of saligna,
atriplex and adhatoda was 20 cm. NPK fertilizer rates
were control, low complete fertilizer rates (30:20:10
NPK kg fed-1), medium complete fertilizer rates
(60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and high complete fertilizer
rates (90:60:30 NPK kg fed-1). Fertilizer was in the
form of (ammonium sulfate 20.6%N), phosphorus
(monocalcium superphosphate 15.5%P2O5) and
potassium (potassium sulfate 48% K2O). Fertilizers
rates were applied in 6 doses three before autumn
harvest and three before spring harvest. The
experimental design was laid out in a spilt-plot
design with 3 reps. The three tree-shrubs
combination were the main plots and the NPK
fertilizer rates were in the sub plots. The area of each
experiment unit was 4m2. All management practices
of growing fodder conocarpus and shrubs were
applied regularly.
The studied parameters were on vegetative
growth and yield characteristics
Two harvest were obtained for each study of the
two growing seasons the first harvest was obtained at
6 months from planting (1/4/2018) then each of the
subsequent second harvest was obtained later at 6
months intervals.
A conocarpus and four shrubs were randomly
selected from each experimental unit in each of the
two seasons for studying the following parameters
plant height. Fresh forage yield of the grown fodder
conocarpus and shrubs under study was determined
for each plant of the subsequent harvests. In each
experimental unit for each of the two studied
seasons. Scale of 0.5gm sensitivity then fodder yield
of conocarpus and shrubs were estimated. Samples of
about 200gm of fresh fodder tree and shrubs were
selected randomly from each experimental unit
Potentiality Assessment of Non-Traditional Fodder for Conocarpus Trees ………… 765
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
accurately weighted using an electric balance of
0.01gm sensitivity such obtained fresh samples were
dried in an air forced drying oven at 70 °C for 3 days
till constant weight to determine the dry matter
content then dry yield of tree and shrubs were
estimated accordingly. Tree-shrubs fresh weight Mg
fed-1, tree-shrubs dry weight Mg fed-1 and tree-shrubs
of yield fresh and dry weight Mg fed-1. The chemical
analysis of the plant samples, in addition to the
statistical analysis of the study data as mentioned in
the first study.
Chemical constituents
A random sample of fresh cladodes was collected
from each experiment unit for each of the 2 harvests
in each of the 2 years. About 200g was dried at 70 °C
in an air-forced oven, till reaching a constant weight.
Dried samples was finely ground till it path through a
40-mich screen and stored in a sealed plastic bags at
5°C for further chemical analyses.
Chemical analysis was performed for three
replicates of each sample and data was reported
based on the a average. Crude protein content (%),
total nitrogen percentage was determined according
to the modified micro kjeldahl method. Crude protein
content was estimated by multiplying nitrogen
percentage by 6.25 (A.O.A.C. 1990). Ether extract
content (%), ether extract content was extracted
using petroleum ether (40-60 °C boiling point) in a
Soccelt apparatus provided with cold water
condenser for 9 hours at a rate of 96 siphons/hour.
Total carbohydrates content (%), it was estimated by
subtracting the sum of the percentages of crude
protein, crude fiber, ash and ether extract out of 100.
{TCC % = 100 - (CP % + CF % + EE % + Ash %)}
Statistical analysis
Experiment previously presented was
statistically analyzed individually according to the
presented design for each of the two growing seasons
(2018/2019 & 2019/2020) the analysis of variance
was carried out according to the procedure described
by Snedecor and Cochran (1982) L.S.D. test at 5%
level was used to compare between means.
Results and Discussion
Vegetative growth
Plant height (cm)
Table (1) showed that conocarpus tree
intercropped with atriplex shrubs gave the highest
height in the first harvest (117.50 & 146.25 cm) and
the second harvest (132.42 & 167.50 cm) in the first
and second seasons respectively followed by the
conocarpus tree intercropping with saligna shrubs in
the first harvest (115.58 & 141.33 cm) and the
second harvest (128.92 & 152.17 cm) in both
growing seasons, the lowest in height were the
conocarpus tree intercropping with adhatoda shrubs
in the first harvest (111.50 & 135.75 cm) and the
second harvest (124.92 & 145.00 cm) respectively in
both growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Rates of NPK fertilizer were high (90:60:30 NPK kg
fed-1), medium (60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and low
(30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1) significant increase in
height for conocarpus tree intercropping on shrubs
(saligna, atriplex and adhatoda), where the high rate
of fertilizer was given in the first harvest (118.00 &
151.56 cm) and the second harvest (135.78 & 169.78
cm) in both growing seasons (2018/2019 &
2019/2020).
Table (1) showed that conocarpus tree
intercropped with atriplex shrubs and fertilized at a
high level (90:60:30 NPK kg fed-1) had a significant
increase in height in the first harvest (120.00 &
158.67 cm) and the second harvest (138.33 & 185.67
cm) respectively in both growing seasons while the
low level of fertilization (30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1)
with conocarpus tree intercropping with adhatoda
shrubs gave the least significant increase in the first
harvest ( 111.00 & 133.67 cm) and the second
harvest (123.33 & 140.33 cm) in both growing
seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020). On the other
hand the results in Table (1) showed that saligna
shrubs intercropping with conocarpus tree had the
highest significant increase in height in the first
harvest (85.42 & 171.42 cm) and in the second
harvest (99.58 & 203.00 cm), respectively compared
to atriplex shrubs intercropping on conocarpus tree in
the first harvest (68.83 & 117.17 cm) and the second
harvest (78.42 & 227.75 cm) in both growing
seasons respectively the lowest in height were the
adhatoda shrubs intercropping with conocarpus tree
in the first harvest (62.33 & 93.83 cm) and the
second harvest (69.08 & 114.25 cm) respectively in
both growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
In addition to the results in Table (1) showed
that high, medium and low rates of fertilizer had a
significant increase in height for shrubs (saligna,
adhatoda and atriplex) intercropping on conocarpus
tree where the highest rate of fertilizer was recorded
in the first harvest (85.33 & 134.56 cm) and the
second harvest (94.78 & 156.11 cm) compared to the
control plants (without fertilization) in the first
harvest (59.22 & 118.56 cm) and the second harvest
(70.78 & 138.78 cm) in both growing seasons.
In addition to, the results in Table (1) showed
that saligna shrubs intercropping with conocarpus
tree and fertilized with a high level of NPK gave a
significant increase in the height in the first harvest
(95.00 & 185.00 cm) and in the second harvest
(111.67 & 211.67 cm) respectively in both seasons
and then the atriplex shrubs intercropping on
conocarpus tree in the first harvest (84.67 & 121.00
cm) and the second harvest (93.00 & 134.33 cm)
compared to the adhatoda shrubs intercropping on
conocarpus tree in the first harvest (76.00 & 97.67
cm) and the second harvest (79.67 & 122.33 cm) in
both growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
This trend was in the two harvests in the two seasons
766 et al. Osman M.A.
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
the other treatments occupied on intermediate
position between the abovementioned treatments in
the two seasons. These results were in agreement
with (Krebs et.al. 2007), (Roshdy et.al. 2013),
(Shetta et.al. 2014) and (Bharat et.al. 2017).
Yield
Table 1. Tree/shrubs plant height (cm) in response to various tree/shrubs set up and fertilization in two harvests
(2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Seasons
Treatments
First Season (2018/2019)
Second Season (2019/2020)
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
Fodder tree
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
111.00
114.33
105.33
110.22
130.33
133.33
124.67
129.44
F.1 (L.)
115.33
116.33
111.00
114.22
139.33
142.33
133.67
138.44
F.2 (M.)
117.67
119.33
114.00
117.00
145.67
150.67
138.67
145.00
F.3 (H.)
118.33
120.00
115.67
118.00
150.00
158.67
146.00
151.56
Mean
115.58
117.50
111.50
====
141.33
146.25
135.75
====
LS D. at 5% for
A=2.00
,
B=1.35
,
AxB=2.33
A=2.92
,
B=1.89
,
AxB=2.23
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
120.00
124.33
117.33
120.56
139.00
150.00
136.33
141.78
F.1 (L.)
127.67
129.00
123.33
126.67
146.33
161.00
140.33
149.22
F.2 (M.)
131.67
138.00
126.33
132.00
154.67
173.33
148.33
158.78
F.3 (H.)
136.33
138.33
132.67
135.78
168.67
185.67
155.00
169.78
Mean
128.92
132.42
124.92
====
152.17
167.50
145.00
====
LS D. at 5% for
A=1.04 ,
B=1.33 ,
AxB=2.31
A=2.07
,
B=2.27
,
AxB=3.92
Fodder shrubs
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
75.00
51.67
51.00
59.22
155.67
111.67
88.33
118.56
F.1 (L.)
83.33
62.00
56.67
67.33
168.33
117.33
93.67
126.44
F.2 (M.)
88.33
77.00
65.67
76.00
176.67
118.67
95.67
130.33
F.3 (H.)
95.00
84.67
76.00
85.33
185.00
121.00
97.67
134.56
Mean
85.42
68.83
62.33
====
171.42
117.17
93.83
====
LS D. at 5% for
A=4.03
,
B=2.30
,
AxB=3.98
A=6.11
,
B=2.00
,
AxB=3.47
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
88.33
64.67
59.33
70.78
194.33
119.67
102.33
138.78
F.1 (L.)
93.33
71.33
65.67
76.78
199.33
127.33
112.00
146.22
F.2 (M.)
105.00
84.67
71.67
87.11
206.67
129.67
120.33
152.22
F.3 (H.)
111.67
93.00
79.67
94.78
211.67
134.33
122.33
156.11
Mean
99.58
78.42
69.08
====
203.00
227.75
114.25
====
LS D. at 5% for
A=4.05 ,
B=2.48 ,
AxB=4.30
A=1.11 ,
B=2.59
,
AxB=4.49
F.0 = Control
C.+Sa. =
Conocarpus+Saligna
A= Tree and Shrubs
F.1= Fertilization Low
C.+At. =
Conocarpus+Atriplex
B= Fertilization
F.2= Fertilization
Medium
C.+Ad.=
Conocarpus+Adhatoda
AxB = Tree and Shrubs x
Fertilization
F.3= Fertilization High
Fresh weight (Mg fed-1)
The results in Table (2) showed that the
conocarpus tree intercropping on atriplex shrubs
gave the highest yield of fresh fodder tree in the first
harvest (6.21 & 13.72 Mg fed-1) and the second
harvest (6.39 & 15.77 Mg fed-1) in the first and
second seasons respectively followed by conocarpus
intercropping on saligna shrubs in the first harvest
(6.08 & 12.96 Mg fed-1) and the second harvest (6.24
& 14.09 Mg fed-1) in both growing seasons, the least
of them in the fresh fodder tree crop was conocarpus
tree intercropping with adhatoda shrubs in the first
harvest (5.95 & 12.55 Mg fed-1) and the second
Potentiality Assessment of Non-Traditional Fodder for Conocarpus Trees ………… 767
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
harvest (6.13 & 13.07 Mg fed-1) respectively in both
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
The data obtained in Table (2) also, showed that
rates of NPK fertilizer were high (90:60:30 NPK kg
fed-1), medium (60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and low
(30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1) significantly increased the
weight of fresh fodder tree for conocarpus tree
intercropping on shrubs (saligna, atriplex and
adhatoda) where the high rate of fertilizer was given
in the first harvest (6.15 & 13.94 Mg fed-1) and the
second harvest (6.35 & 15.18 Mg fed-1) in both
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Table 2. Tree/shrubs fresh weight (Mg fed-1) in response to various tree/shrubs set up and fertilization in both
harvests in the two years (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Seasons
Treatments
First Season (2018/2019)
Second Season (2019/2020)
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
Fodder tree
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
5.99
6.15
5.79
5.98
12.27
12.69
12.11
12.36
F.1 (L.)
6.07
6.18
5.96
6.07
12.69
13.44
12.32
12.82
F.2 (M.)
6.13
6.24
6.00
6.12
13.07
13.81
12.69
13.19
F.3 (H.)
6.14
6.26
6.05
6.15
13.81
14.93
13.07
13.94
Mean
6.08
6.21
5.95
=====
12.96
13.72
12.55
=====
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.07
,
B=0.01
,
AxB=0.01
A=1.19
,
B=0.94
,
AxB=1.09
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
6.07
6.26
6.03
6.12
13.07
14.19
12.69
13.32
F.1 (L.)
6.24
6.37
6.09
6.23
13.81
15.31
13.07
14.06
F.2 (M.)
6.31
6.46
6.17
6.32
14.56
16.43
13.07
14.68
F.3 (H.)
6.35
6.48
6.23
6.35
14.93
17.17
13.44
15.18
Mean
6.24
6.39
6.13
=====
14.09
15.77
13.07
=====
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.01 ,
B=0.07 ,
AxB=0.05
A=0.67 ,
B=1.33 ,
AxB=1.54
Fodder shrubs
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
5.56
4.55
4.64
4.92
17.93
11.91
16.02
15.29
F.1 (L.)
6.00
4.80
4.85
5.22
18.03
12.06
16.69
15.59
F.2 (M.)
6.36
5.04
5.15
5.52
18.13
12.08
18.08
16.10
F.3 (H.)
6.79
5.19
5.16
5.71
18.29
12.08
18.11
16.16
Mean
6.18
4.89
4.95
=====
18.10
12.03
17.23
=====
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.07
,
B=0.04
,
AxB=0.08
A=0.82
,
B=0.51
,
AxB=0.89
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
5.75
4.76
4.82
5.11
16.83
13.81
19.92
16.85
F.1 (L.)
6.21
5.00
4.16
5.46
21.65
15.00
20.57
19.09
F.2 (M.)
6.51
5.25
5.47
5.74
23.89
15.00
21.85
20.64
F.3 (H.)
7.55
5.57
5.59
6.24
26.13
16.97
22.49
21.87
Mean
6.50
5.15
5.26
=====
22.13
15.49
21.21
=====
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.19 ,
B=0.16 ,
AxB=0.27
A=3.48 ,
B=1.52 ,
AxB=2.62
F.0 = Control
C.+Sa. =
Conocarpus+Saligna
A= Tree and Shrubs
F.1= Fertilization Low
C.+At. =
Conocarpus+Atriplex
B= Fertilization
F.2= Fertilization
Medium
C.+Ad.=
Conocarpus+Adhatoda
AxB = Tree and Shrubs x
Fertilization
F.3= Fertilization
High
In addition to the results in Table (2) showed
that conocarpus tree intercropping on atriplex shrubs
and fertilized at a high rate (90:60:30 NPK kg fed-1)
had a significant increase in the fresh yield of the
fodder tree in the first harvest (6.26 & 14.93 Mg fed-
1) and the second harvest (6.48 & 17.17 Mg fed-1)
respectively in both growing seasons while the low
rate of fertilizer (30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1) with
conocarpus tree intercropping with adhatoda shrubs
gave the least significant increase in the first harvest
(6.1 & 13.1 Mg fed-1) and the second harvest (6.05 &
768 et al. Osman M.A.
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
13.07 Mg fed-1) in both growing seasons (2018/2019
& 2019/2020).
On the other hand the results in Table (2)
showed that the Saligna shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree had the highest significant increase
in the fresh weight of the fodder shrubs in the first
harvest (6.18 & 18.10 Mg fed-1) and the second
harvest (6.50 & 22.13 Mg fed-1) respectively
compared to adhatoda shrubs intercropping on
conocarpus tree in the first harvest (4.95 & 17.23 Mg
fed-1) and the second harvest (5.26 & 21.21 Mg fed-1)
in both growing seasons respectively, the least of
them were atriplex shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree in the first harvest (4.89 & 12.03 Mg
fed-1) and the second harvest (5.15 & 15.49 Mg fed-1)
respectively in both growing seasons (2018/2019 &
2019/2020).
In addition to the results in Table (2) showed
that high, medium and low rates of fertilizer
significantly increased the fresh fodder shrubs of
saligna, adhatoda and atriplex intercropping on
conocarpus tree the high rate of fertilizer was
recorded in the first harvest (5.71 & 16.16 Mg fed-1)
and the second harvest (6.24 & 21.87 Mg fed-1)
compared to control plants (without fertilization) in
the first harvest (4.92 & 15.29 Mg fed-1) and the
second harvest (5.11 & 16.85 Mg fed-1) in both
growing seasons.
In addition to, the results in Table (2) showed
that the saligna shrubs intercropping with conocarpus
tree and fertilized with a high rate of NPK gave a
significant increase in fresh fodder shrubs in the first
harvest (6.79 & 18.29 Mg fed-1) and the second
harvest (7.55 & 26.13 Mg fed-1) respectively in both
seasons in comparison to adhatoda shrubs
intercropping on conocarpus tree in the first harvest
(5.16 & 18.11 Mg fed-1) and the second harvest (5.59
& 22.49 Mg fed-1) and then atriplex shrubs
intercropping on conocarpus tree in the first harvest (
5.19 & 12.08 Mg fed-1) and the second harvest (5.57
& 16.97 Mg fed-1) in both growing seasons
(2018/2019 & 2019/2020). This trend was in the two
harvests in the two seasons the other treatments
occupied on intermediate position between the
abovementioned treatments in the two seasons. These
results were in agreement with (Krebs et.al. 2007),
(Roshdy et.al. 2013), (Shetta et.al. 2014) and
(Bharat et.al. 2017).
Dry weight (Mg fed-1)
The results in Table (3) showed that the
conocarpus tree intercropping on atriplex shrubs
gave the highest yield of dry fodder tree in the first
harvest (0.84 & 1.78 Mg fed-1) and the second
harvest (0.86 & 2.05 Mg fed-1) in the first and second
seasons respectively followed by conocarpus
intercropping on saligna shrubs in the first harvest
(0.82 & 1.69 Mg fed-1) and the second harvest (0.84
& 1.81 Mg fed-1) in both growing seasons, the least
of them in the dry fodder tree crop was conocarpus
tree intercropping with adhatoda shrubs in the first
harvest (0.80 & 1.68 Mg fed-1) and the second
harvest (0.83 & 1.70 Mg fed-1) respectively in both
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
The data obtained in Table (3) also, showed
that rates of NPK fertilizer were high (90:60:30 NPK
kg fed-1), medium (60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and low
(30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1) significantly increased the
weight of dry fodder tree for conocarpus tree
intercropping on shrubs (saligna, atriplex and
adhatoda) where the high rate of fertilizer was given
in the first harvest (0.83 & 1.83 Mg fed-1) and the
second harvest (0.86 & 1.97 Mg fed-1) in both
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
In addition to, the results in Table (3)
showed that conocarpus tree intercropping on
atriplex shrubs and fertilized at a high rate (90:60:30
NPK kg fed-1) had a significant increase in the dry
yield of the fodder tree in the first harvest (0.84 &
1.94 Mg fed-1) and the second harvest (0.87 & 2.23
Mg fed-1) respectively in both growing seasons while
the low rate of fertilization (30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1)
with conocarpus tree intercropping with adhatoda
shrubs gave the least significant increase in the first
harvest (0.78 & 1.64 Mg fed-1) and the second
harvest (0.81 & 2.65 Mg fed-1) in both growing
seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020) respectively.
On the other hand the results in Table (3)
showed that the saligna shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree had the highest significant increase
in the dry weight of the fodder shrubs in the first
harvest (0.74 & 2.17 Mg fed-1) and the second
harvest (0.91 & 3.14 Mg fed-1) respectively
compared to adhatoda shrubs intercropping on
conocarpus tree in the first harvest (0.55 & 1.93 Mg
fed-1) and the second harvest (0.58 & 2.33 Mg fed-1)
in both growing seasons respectively, the least of
them were atriplex shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree in the first harvest (0.64 & 1.57 Mg
fed-1) and the second harvest (0.67 & 2.01 Mg fed-1)
respectively in both growing seasons (2018/2019 &
2019/2020).
In addition to the results in Table (3)
showed that high, medium and low rates of fertilizer
significantly increased the dry fodder shrubs of
saligna, adhatoda and atriplex intercropping on
conocarpus tree the high rate of fertilizer was
recorded in the first harvest (0.69 & 1.76 Mg fed-1)
and the second harvest (0.75 & 2.61 Mg fed-1)
compared to control plants (without fertilization) in
the first harvest (0.59 & 1.82 Mg fed-1) and the
second harvest (0.61 & 2.14 Mg fed-1) in both
growing seasons.
In addition to, the results in Table (3)
showed that the saligna shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree and fertilized with a high rate of
NPK gave a significant increase in dry fodder shrubs
in the first harvest (0.81 & 2.20 Mg fed-1) and the
second harvest (0.91 & 3.14 Mg fed-1) respectively in
Potentiality Assessment of Non-Traditional Fodder for Conocarpus Trees ………… 769
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
both seasons in comparison to adhatoda shrubs
intercropping on conocarpus tree in the first harvest
(0.58 & 2.05 Mg fed-1) and the second harvest (0.62
& 2.47 Mg fed-1) and then atriplex shrubs
intercropping on conocarpus tree in the first harvest (
0. 67 & 1.58 Mg fed-1) and the second harvest (0.73
& 2.21 Mg fed-1) in both growing seasons
(2018/2019 & 2019/2020). This trend was in the two
harvests in the two seasons the other treatments
occupied on intermediate position between the
abovementioned treatments in the two seasons. These
results were in agreement with (Krebs et.al. 2007),
(Roshdy et.al. 2013), (Shetta et.al. 2014) and
(Bharat et.al. 2017).
Table 3. Tree/shrubs dry weight (Mg fed-1) in response to various tree/shrubs set up and fertilization in both
harvests in the two years (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Seasons
Treatments
First Season (2018/2019)
Second Season (2019/2020)
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
Fodder tree
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
0.81
0.83
0.78
0.81
1.62
1.65
1.64
1.64
F.1 (L.)
0.82
0.84
0.81
0.82
1.65
1.75
1.65
1.68
F.2 (M.)
0.82
0.84
0.81
0.83
1.70
1.80
1.68
1.73
F.3 (H.)
0.83
0.84
0.82
0.83
1.70
1.94
1.75
1.83
Mean
0.82
0.84
0.80
=====
1.69
1.78
1.68
=====
LS D. at 5%
for
A=0.01
,
B=0.01
,
AxB=0.01
A=0.20
,
B=0.12
,
AxB=0.13
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
0.82
0.85
0.81
0.83
1.60
1.84
2.65
1.70
F.1 (L.)
0.84
0.86
0.82
0.84
1.80
1.99
1.70
1.83
F.2 (M.)
0.85
0.87
0.83
0.85
1.89
2.14
1.70
1.91
F.3 (H.)
0.86
0.87
0.84
0.86
1.94
2.23
1.75
1.97
Mean
0.84
0.86
0.83
=====
1.81
2.05
1.70
=====
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.01 ,
B=0.02 ,
AxB=0.01
A=0.14 ,
B=0.11 ,
AxB=0.12
Fodder shrubs
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
0.67
0.59
0.51
0.59
2.15
1.55
1.76
1.82
F.1 (L.)
0.71
0.62
0.53
0.62
2.16
1.57
1.84
1.86
F.2 (M.)
0.76
0.66
0.57
0.66
2.18
1.57
1.99
1.91
F.3 (H.)
0.81
0.67
0.58
0.69
2.20
1.58
2.05
1.96
Mean
0.74
0.64
0.55
=====
2.17
1.57
1.93
=====
LS D. at 5%
for
A=0.01
,
B=0.01
,
AxB=0.02
A=0.13
,
B=0.05
,
AxB=0.09
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
0.69
0.62
0.53
0.61
2.43
1.80
2.19
2.14
F.1 (L.)
0.75
0.65
0.57
0.65
2.60
1.95
2.26
2.27
F.2 (M.)
0.78
0.68
0.60
0.69
2.87
2.10
2.40
2.46
F.3 (H.)
0.91
0.73
0.62
0.75
3.14
2.21
2.47
2.61
Mean
0.78
0.67
0.58
=====
2.76
2.01
2.33
=====
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.01 ,
B=0.02 ,
AxB=0.03
A=0.20 ,
B=0.10 ,
AxB=0.18
F.0 = Control
C.+Sa. =
Conocarpus+Saligna
A= Tree and Shrubs
F.1= Fertilization Low
C.+At. =
Conocarpus+Atriplex
B= Fertilization
F.2= Fertilization
Medium
C.+Ad.=
Conocarpus+Adhatoda
AxB = Tree and Shrubs x
Fertilization
F.3= Fertilization
High
Total yield fresh and dry weight (Mg fed-1)
770 et al. Osman M.A.
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
The results in Table (4) showed that the
conocarpus tree intercropping on the atriplex shrubs
gave the highest yield of the total fresh fodder tree
for the first and second harvests (12.60 & 29.49 Mg
fed-1) and the total dry fodder tree for the first and
second harvests (1.70 & 3.83 Mg fed-1) in the first
and second seasons respectively followed by
conocarpus tree intercropping on saligna shrubs for
the total fresh fodder tree yield of the first and
second harvests (12.32 & 27.05 Mg fed-1) and the dry
fodder tree crop for the first and second harvests
(1.66 & 3.50 Mg fed-1) in both growing seasons, the
least of them in the fresh crop of the fodder tree was
conocarpus tree intercropping with adhatoda shrubs
in the total fresh yield of the first and second harvests
(12.08 & 25.61 Mg fed-1) the total dry yield of the
first and second harvests (1.63 & 3.38 Mg fed-1)
respectively in both growing seasons (2018/2019 &
2019/2020).
The data obtained in Table (4) also, showed
that rates of NPK fertilizer were high (90:60:30 NPK
kg fed-1), medium (60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and low
(30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1) had a significant increase
in the total fresh weight of the first and second
harvests of conocarpus tree intercropping on shrubs
(saligna, ataplex and adhatuda) where the high rate of
fertilizer was given in the total fresh crop of the first
and second harvests ( 12.50 & 29.12 Mg fed-1) and
the total dry yield for the first and second harvests
(1.69 & 3.80 Mg fed-1) in both growing seasons
(2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Table 4. Total fresh and dry yield (Mg fed-1) of each of tree/shrubs in both harvests in the two years (2018/2019
& 2019/2020).
Seasons
Treatments
First Season (2018/2019)
Second Season (2019/2020)
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
Fodder tree
Yield Fresh Weight Mg fa-1
F.0 (0.0)
12.06
12.41
11.82
12.10
25.33
26.88
24.80
25.67
F.1 (L.)
12.31
12.55
12.06
12.30
26.51
28.75
25.39
26.88
F.2 (M.)
12.44
12.70
12.17
12.44
27.63
30.24
25.76
27.88
F.3 (H.)
12.49
12.73
12.28
12.50
28.75
32.11
26.51
29.12
Mean
12.32
12.60
12.08
=====
27.05
29.49
25.61
=====
LS D. at 5%
for
A=0.07
,
B=0.07
,
AxB=0.08
A=1.11
,
B=1.43
,
AxB=1.65
Yield Dry Weight Mg fa-1
F.0 (0.0)
1.63
1.68
1.60
1.63
3.22
3.49
3.29
3.33
F.1 (L.)
1.66
1.69
1.63
1.66
3.45
3.74
3.35
3.51
F.2 (M.)
1.68
1.71
1.64
1.68
3.59
3.93
3.38
3.64
F.3 (H.)
1.68
1.72
1.66
1.69
3.74
4.17
3.50
3.80
Mean
1.66
1.70
1.63
=====
3.50
3.83
3.38
=====
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.01 ,
B=0.01 ,
AxB=0.01
A=0.24 ,
B=0.18 ,
AxB=0.20
Fodder shrubs
Yield Fresh Weight Mg fa-1
F.0 (0.0)
11.31
9.31
9.46
10.02
34.76
25.72
35.95
32.14
F.1 (L.)
12.21
9.80
10.01
10.68
39.68
27.05
37.26
34.66
F.2 (M.)
12.87
10.29
10.61
11.26
42.03
28.26
39.93
36.74
F.3 (H.)
14.33
10.76
10.81
11.97
44.43
29.05
40.60
38.03
Mean
12.68
10.04
10.23
=====
40.22
27.52
38.43
=====
LS D. at 5%
for
A=0.15
,
B=0.17
,
AxB=0.29
A=3.27
,
B=1.72
,
AxB=2.97
Yield Dry Weight Mg fa-1
F.0 (0.0)
1.36
1.21
1.04
1.20
4.58
3.34
3.95
3.96
F.1 (L.)
1.45
1.27
1.10
1.28
4.76
3.52
4.10
4.13
F.2 (M.)
1.54
1.34
1.17
1.35
5.04
3.67
4.39
4.37
F.3 (H.)
1.72
1.40
1.19
1.44
5.33
3.78
4.52
4.55
Mean
1.52
1.31
1.13
=====
4.93
3.58
4.24
=====
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.01 ,
B=0.03 ,
AxB=0.05
A=0.20 ,
B=0.13 ,
AxB=0.23
F.0= Control
C.+Sa. = Conocarpus+Saligna
A= Tree and Shrubs
F.1= Fertilization Low
C.+At. =
Conocarpus+Atriplex
B= Fertilization
F.2= Fertilization
Medium
C.+Ad.=
Conocarpus+Adhatoda
AxB = Tree and Shrubs x
Fertilization
F.3= Fertilization High
Potentiality Assessment of Non-Traditional Fodder for Conocarpus Trees ………… 771
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
In addition to the results in Table (4)
showed that the conocarpus tree intercropping on
atriplex shrubs and fertilized at a high level
(90:60:30 NPK kg fed-1) had a significant increase in
the total fresh fodder tree for the first and second
harvests (12.73 & 32.11 Mg fed-1) and total dry
weight yield for the first and second harvests (1.72 &
4.17 Mg fed-1) respectively in both growing seasons
while the low rate of fertilization (30:20:10 NPK kg
fed-1) was given with conocarpus tree intercropping
with adhatoda shrubs had the least significant
increase in the total fresh fodder tree yield for the
first and second harvests (12.28 & 26.51 Mg fed-1)
and the total dry fodder tree yield for the first and
second harvests (1.63 & 3.38 Mg fed-1) in both
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
on the other hand the results in Table (4)
showed that saligna shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree had the highest significant increase
in the total fresh fodder shrubs yield for the first and
second harvests (12.68 & 40.22 Mg fed-1) and the
total dry fodder shrubs yield for the first and second
harvests (1.52 & 4.93 Mg fed-1) on the respectively
compared to adhatoda shrubs intercropping on
conocarpus tree in the total fresh fodder shrubs crop
for the first and second harvests (10.23 & 38.43 Mg
fed-1) and the total dry fodder shrubs yield for the
first and second harvests (1.13 & 4.24 Mg fed-1) in
both growing seasons respectively, the least of them
were the atriplex shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree in the total fresh fodder shrubs yield
for the first and second harvests (10.04 & 27.22 Mg
fed-1) and the total dry fodder shrubs yield for the
first and second harvests (1.31 & 3.58 Mg fed-1)
respectively in both growing seasons (2018/2019 &
2019/2020).
In addition to, the results in Table (4) showed
that the intercropping of shrubs (saligna, atriplex and
adhatoda) with high, medium and low rates of
fertilizer significantly increased the total fresh and
dry yield of fodder shrubs for the first and second
harvests where the highest rate of fertilizer was
recorded in the total fresh crop of fodder shrubs for
the first and second harvests (11.97 & 38.03 Mg fed-
1) and the total dry crop of fodder shrubs for the first
and second harvests (1.44 & 4.55 Mg fed-1)
compared to the control plants (without fertilization)
in the total fresh fodder shrubs crop for the first and
second harvests (10.02 & 32.14 Mg fed-1) and the
total dry yield of fodder shrubs for the first and
second harvests (1.20 & 3.96 Mg fed-1) in both
growing seasons.
In addition to, the results in Table (4) showed
that saligna shrubs intercropping with conocarpus
tree and fertilized with a high rate of NPK gave a
significant increase in the total fresh crop of the
fodder shrubs for the first and second harvests (14.33
& 44.43 Mg fed-1) and the total dry yield of the
fodder shrubs for the first and second harvests (1.72
& 5.33 Mg fed-1) respectively in both seasons
compared to the shrubs adhatoda intercropping on
conocarpus tree in the total fresh fodder shrubs yield
for the first and second harvests (10.81 & 40.60 Mg
fed-1) and the total dry fodder shrubs yield for the
first and second harvests (1.19 & 4.52 Mg fed-1) then
shrubs atriplex intercropping on conocarpus tree in
the total fresh crop of fodder shrubs for the first and
second harvests (10.76 & 29.05 Mg fed-1) and the
total dry crop of fodder shrubs for the first and
second harvests (1.40 & 3.78 Mg fed-1) in both
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020). This
trend was in the two harvests in the two seasons the
other treatments occupied on intermediate position
between the abovementioned treatments in the two
seasons. These results were in agreement with
(Krebs et.al. 2007), (Roshdy et.al. 2013), (Shetta
et.al. 2014) and (Bharat et.al. 2017).
Chemical constituents
Crude protein content (%)
Conocarpus tree intercropped with atriplex
shrubs gave the highest percentage of crude protein
content in the first harvest (9.63 & 8.00 %) and in the
second harvest (8.54 & 7.77 %) in the first and
second seasons (Table 5) respectively followed by
conocarpus tree intercropping with saligna shrubs in
the first harvest (8.49 & 7.89 %) and the second
harvest (8.18 & 7.41 %) in both growing seasons and
the lowest percentage crude protein was the
conocarpus tree intercropping with adhatoda shrubs
in the first harvest (7.87 & 7.76 %) and the second
harvest (7.26 & 7.28 %) respectively in both growing
seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Also, the data obtained in Table (5) record that
rates of NPK fertilizer were high (90:60:30 NPK kg
fed-1), medium (60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and low
(30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1) had a significant increase in
the percentage of crude protein content for
conocarpus tree intercropping with shrubs (atriplex,
saligna and adhatoda) where the high rate of fertilizer
was given in the first harvest (9.06 & 8.05 %) and the
second harvest (8.19 & 7.64 %) in both growing
seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
In addition to the results in Table (5) showed
that the conocarpus tree intercropping with atriplex
shrubs and fertilized at a high rate (90:60:30 NPK kg
fed-1) had a significant increase in the percentage of
crude protein content for the first harvest (10.07 &
8.23 %) and the second harvest (8.77 & 8.04 %)
respectively in both growing seasons while the low
level of fertilization (30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1) with
conocarpus tree intercropping with adhatoda shrubs
gave the least significant increase in the first harvest
(7.43 & 7.69 %) and the second harvest (7.03 & 7.21
%) in both growing seasons (2018/2019 &
2019/2020).
On the other hand the results in Table (5) showed
that the atriplex shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree had the highest significant increase
772 et al. Osman M.A.
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
in the percentage of crude protein content for the first
harvest (15.40 & 14.57 %) and for the second harvest
(13.64 & 13.89 %) respectively compared to saligna
shrubs intercropping with conocarpus tree in the first
harvest (11.16 & 10.87 %) and second harvest (10.26
& 10.43 %) in both growing seasons respectively, the
lowest percentage of crude protein content was the
adhatoda shrubs intercropping with conocarpus tree
in the first harvest (8.47 & 8.16 %) and the second
harvest (7.88 & 8.02 %) respectively in both growing
seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Table 5. Tree/shrubs crude protein content (%) in response to various tree/shrubs set up and fertilization in both
harvests in the two years (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Seasons
Treatments
First Season (2018/2019)
Second Season (2019/2020)
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
Fodder trees
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
8.13
8.88
7.43
8.14
7.81
7.65
7.69
7.72
F.1 (L.)
8.27
9.70
7.87
8.61
7.77
8.00
7.81
7.86
F.2 (M.)
8.63
9.90
8.00
8.84
7.92
8.11
7.65
7.89
F.3 (H.)
8.93
10.07
8.17
9.06
8.04
8.23
7.88
8.05
Mean
8.49
9.63
7.87
-----
7.89
8.00
7.76
-----
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.101
,
B=0.230
,
AxB=0.266
A=0.527
,
B=0.477
,
AxB=0.551
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
8.03
8.33
7.03
7.80
7.33
7.48
7.21
7.34
F.1 (L.)
8.13
8.47
7.23
7.94
7.39
7.65
7.21
7.42
F.2 (M.)
8.20
8.60
7.30
8.03
7.44
7.92
7.29
7.56
F.3 (H.)
8.33
8.77
7.47
8.19
7.48
8.04
7.40
7.64
Mean
8.18
8.54
7.26
-----
7.41
7.77
7.28
-----
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.238 ,
B=0.163 ,
AxB=0.188
A=0.101 ,
B=0.066 ,
AxB=0.077
Fodder shrubs
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
10.33
14.50
8.03
10.96
10.15
13.81
7.79
10.58
F.1 (L.)
10.97
15.13
8.33
11.48
10.48
14.48
8.23
11.06
F.2 (M.)
11.50
15.87
8.67
12.01
11.12
14.96
8.27
11.45
F.3 (H.)
11.83
16.10
8.83
12.26
11.73
15.04
8.35
11.70
Mean
11.16
15.40
8.47
-----
10.87
14.57
8.16
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.238
,
B=0.234
,
AxB=0.406
A=0.172
,
B=0.137
,
AxB=0.237
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
9.52
12.73
7.44
9.90
10.04
13.33
7.63
10.33
F.1 (L.)
9.98
13.48
7.80
10.42
10.33
13.83
8.08
10.75
F.2 (M.)
10.45
13.93
8.00
10.79
10.52
14.08
8.17
10.92
F.3 (H.)
11.10
14.43
8.30
11.28
10.83
14.29
8.19
11.10
Mean
10.26
13.64
7.88
-----
10.43
13.89
8.02
-----
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.323 ,
B=0.169 ,
AxB=0.292
A=0.108 ,
B=0.109 ,
AxB=0.188
F.0 = Control
C.+Sa. =
Conocarpus+Saligna
A= Tree and Shrubs
F.1= Fertilization Low
C.+At. =
Conocarpus+Atriplex
B= Fertilization
F.2= Fertilization
Medium
C.+Ad.=
Conocarpus+Adhatoda
AxB = Tree and Shrubs x
Fertilization
F.3= Fertilization High
In addition to, the results were recorded in
Table (5) showed that high, medium and low rates of
fertilizer a significant increase in the percentage of
crude protein content for shrubs (atriplex, saligna and
adhatoda) intercropping with conocarpus tree where
the high rate of fertilizer was recorded in the first
harvest (12.26 & 11.70 %) and the second harvest
(11.28 & 11.10 %) compared to the control plants
(without fertilization) in the first harvest (10.96 &
10.58 %) and the second harvest (9.90 & 10.33 %) in
both growing seasons.
In addition to the results in Table (5) showed
that the atriplex shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree and fertilized with a high rate of
NPK had a significant increase in the percentage of
crude protein content in the first harvest (16.10 &
15.04 %) and in the second harvest (14.43 & 14.29
%) respectively in both seasons then saligna shrubs
Potentiality Assessment of Non-Traditional Fodder for Conocarpus Trees ………… 773
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
intercropping on conocarpus tree in the first harvest
(11.83 & 11.73 %) and the second harvest (11.10 &
10.83 %) compared to adhatoda shrubs intercropping
with conocarpus tree in the first harvest (8.83 & 8.35
%) and the second harvest (8.30 & 8.19 %) in both
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020). This
trend was in the two harvests in the two seasons the
other treatments occupied on intermediate position
between the abovementioned treatments in the two
seasons. These results were in agreement with
(Krebs et.al. 2007), (Roshdy et.al. 2013), (Shetta
et.al. 2014) and (Bharat et.al. 2017).
Ether Extract content (%)
The results in Table (6) showed that planting
conocarpus trees with atriplex shrubs gave the
highest ether extract content in the first harvest (5.48
& 5.54 %) and the second harvest (5.36 & 5.43 %) in
the first and second seasons followed by planting
conocarpus trees with saligna shrubs which were
recorded in the first harvest (5.30 & 5.35 %) and the
second harvest (5.14 & 5.25 %) in both growing
seasons, the lowest ash content was planting
conocarpus trees with adhatoda shrubs, which gave
in the first harvest (5.13 & 5.17 %) and the second
harvest (5.01 & 5.14 %) respectively in the two
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Table 6. Tree/shrubs ether extract content (%) in response to various tree/shrubs set up and fertilization in both
harvests in the two years (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Seasons
Treatments
First Season (2018/2019)
Second Season (2019/2020)
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
Fodder trees
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
5.20
5.37
5.03
5.20
5.32
5.42
5.13
5.29
F.1 (L.)
5.27
5.43
5.13
5.28
5.35
5.56
5.16
5.36
F.2 (M.)
5.33
5.50
5.17
5.33
5.37
5.58
5.19
5.30
F.3 (H.)
5.40
5.60
5.20
5.40
5.37
5.59
5.20
5.39
Mean
5.30
5.48
5.13
-----
5.35
5.54
5.17
-----
LS D. at 5%
for
A=0.203
,
B=0.094
,
AxB=0.109
A=0.007
,
B=0.005
,
AxB=0.005
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
5.03
5.24
4.90
5.06
5.20
5.35
5.07
5.20
F.1 (L.)
5.13
5.37
4.97
5.16
5.22
5.40
5.13
5.25
F.2 (M.)
5.18
5.40
5.07
5.22
5.29
5.47
5.17
5.31
F.3 (H.)
5.23
5.43
5.10
5.25
5.30
5.50
5.18
5.33
Mean
5.14
5.36
5.01
-----
5.25
5.43
5.14
-----
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.072
,
B=0.066
,
AxB=0.077
A=0.007
,
B=0.005
,
AxB=0.005
Fodder shrubs
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
4.70
2.27
2.07
3.01
4.44
2.22
2.14
2.90
F.1 (L.)
5.00
2.33
2.17
3.17
4.43
2.28
2.20
2.97
F.2 (M.)
5.27
2.50
2.27
3.34
4.51
2.34
2.25
3.03
F.3 (H.)
5.40
2.57
2.40
3.46
4.75
2.48
2.29
3.18
Mean
5.09
2.42
2.23
-----
4.51
2.33
2.22
-----
LS D. at 5%
for
A=0.095
,
B=0.083
,
AxB=0.144
A=0.004
,
B=0.031
,
AxB=0.055
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
4.43
2.13
1.97
2.49
4.31
2.21
2.05
2.86
F.1 (L.)
4.77
2.20
2.03
3.00
4.41
2.27
2.18
2.95
F.2 (M.)
5.00
2.27
2.13
3.13
4.47
2.30
2.20
2.99
F.3 (H.)
5.10
2.37
2.23
3.23
4.50
2.35
2.27
3.04
Mean
4.83
2.24
2.09
-----
4.42
2.28
2.17
-----
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.062
,
B=0.063
,
AxB=0.109
A=0.036
,
B=0.031
,
AxB=0.054
F.0 = Control
C.+Sa. =
Conocarpus+Saligna
A= Tree and Shrubs
F.1= Fertilization Low
C.+At. =
Conocarpus+Atriplex
B= Fertilization
F.2= Fertilization Medium
C.+Ad.=
Conocarpus+Adhatoda
AxB= Tree and Shrubs x Fertilization
F.3= Fertilization High
774 et al. Osman M.A.
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
The data in Table (6) also, showed that all rates
of NPK fertilizer were high (90:60:30 NPK kg fed-1),
medium (60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and low (30:20:10
NPK kg fed-1) had increase in ether extract content
of all conocarpus trees planted with shrubs (saligna,
atriplex and adhatoda) where the high rate of
fertilizer was recorded in the first harvest (5.40 &
5.39 %) and the second harvest (5.25 & 5.33 %)
followed by the medium and then the low rate of
fertilizer compared to the control plants (without
fertilizer) which were given in the first harvest (5.20
& 5.29 %) and the second harvest (5.06 & 5.20 %) in
the two study seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020)
respectively. In addition to, the results presented in
Table (6) showed that an increase in the ether extract
content of conocarpus trees planted with atriplex
shrubs and fertilized at high rates in the first harvest
(5.60 & 5.59 %) and the second harvest (5.43 & 5.50
%) during the two study seasons (2018/2019 &
2019/2020).
While the results in Table (6) showed that the
conocarpus tree planted with adhatoda shrub and
fertilized at a low rate had the lowest increase in
ether extract content in the first harvest (5.13 & 5.16
%) and the second harvest (4.97 & 5.13 %) compared
to the control plants that were not fertilized during
the two study seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020)
respectively.
Also, the results in Table (6) showed that the
grown of saligna shrubs planted under conocarpus
trees gave the highest ether extract content as it gave
in the first harvest (5.09 & 4.51 %) and the second
harvest (4.83 & 4.42 %) in the first and second
seasons respectively followed by the grown of the
planted atriplex shrubs with conocarpus trees, which
were recorded in the first harvest (2.42 & 2.33 %)
and the second harvest (2.24 & 2.28 %) in both
growing seasons. The lowest ether extract content of
adhatoda shrubs planted with conocarpus trees was
given in the first harvest (2.23 & 2.22 %) and the
second harvest (2.09 & 2.17 %) during the two
growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020)
respectively .
The data in Table (6) also, showed that all NPK
fertilizer rates were high (90:60:30 NPK kg fed-1),
medium (60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and low (30:20:10
NPK kg fed-1) had an increase in ether extract
content was recorded for all shrubs (saligna, atriplex
and adhatoda) planted under conocarpus trees, where
the high rate of fertilizer was recorded in the first
harvest (3.46 & 3.18 %) and the second harvest (3.23
& 3.04 %) followed by the medium rate of fertilizer
and then the low rate of fertilizer compared to the
control (without fertilizer), which was recorded in
the first harvest (3.01 & 2.90 %) and the second
harvest (2.49 & 2.86 %) in the two study seasons
(2018/2019 & 2019/2020) respectively.
In addition to, the results presented in Table (6)
showed that planting saligna shrubs under
conocarpus trees with high fertilizer rates increased
the ether extract content was given in the first
harvest (5.40 & 4.75 %) and in the second harvest
(5.10 & 4.50 %) in the first and second seasons under
study (2018/2019 & 2019/2020). While the results in
Table (22) show that the adhatoda shrub planted
under the conocarpus tree and fertilized at low rate
had the lowest increase in ether extract content, while
it was recorded in the first harvest (2.17 & 2.20 %)
and the second harvest (2.03 & 2.17 %) during the
two study seasons in comparison with the control
plants that were not fertilized. These results were in
harmony with (Krebs et.al. 2007), (Roshdy et.al.
2013) , (Shetta et.al. 2014) and (Bharat et.al.
2017).
Carbohydrates content (%)
The results in Table (7) showed that conocarpus tree
intercropping with adhatoda shrubs gave the highest
of total carbohydrate content in the first harvest
(59.40 & 59.12 %) and the second harvest (59.47 &
59.08 %) in the first and second seasons respectively
followed by conocarpus tree intercropping with
saligna shrubs in the first harvest (56.84 & 56.93 %)
and the second harvest (56.11 & 57.61 %) in both
growing seasons and the lowest in total carbohydrate
content were the conocarpus tree intercropping with
atriplex shrubs in the first harvest (55.54 & 56.79 %)
and the second harvest (55.97 & 56.92 %)
respectively in both growing seasons (2018/2019 &
2019/2020).
While the data in Table (7) showed that all
rates of NPK fertilizer were high (90:60:30 NPK kg
fed-1), medium (60:40:20 NPK kg fed-1) and low
(30:20:10 NPK kg fed-1) no increase was recorded in
the total carbohydrate content of all conocarpus tree
intercropping with shrubs (saligna, atriplex and
adhatoda) where the high rate of fertilizer was given
in the first harvest (56.96 & 57.31 %) and the second
harvest (57.30 & 57.80 %) compared to the control
(without fertilization) which was given in the first
harvest (57.77 & 58.12 %) and the second harvest
(57.21 & 58.13 %) in both growing seasons
(2018/2019 & 2019/2020) respectively.
In addition to the results in Table (7)
showed that conocarpus tree intercropping with
atriplex shrubs and fertilized at high, medium and
low rates did not show an increase in the total
carbohydrate content of the first and second harvests
compared to the unfertilized control plants in the first
and second harvests in both growing seasons
(2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
The results in Table (7) also showed that
adhatoda shrubs intercropping with conocarpus tree
had the highest increase in total carbohydrate content
for the first and second harvests respectively
followed by atriplex shrubs intercropping with
conocarpus tree in the first and second harvests, in
both growing seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Potentiality Assessment of Non-Traditional Fodder for Conocarpus Trees ………… 775
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
Table 7. Tree/shrubs total carbohydrates content (%) in response to various tree/shrubs set up and fertilization in
both harvests in the two years (2018/2019 & 2019/2020).
Seasons
Treatments
First Season (2018/2019)
Second Season (2019/2020)
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
C.+Sa.
C.+At.
C.+Ad.
Mean
Fodder trees
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
57.16
56.30
59.86
57.77
57.30
57.74
59.32
58.12
F.1 (L.)
56.93
55.34
59.54
57.28
56.94
56.71
58.83
57.49
F.2 (M.)
56.79
55.28
58.94
57.04
56.78
56.45
59.36
57.51
F.3 (H.)
56.49
55.26
59.05
56.96
56.69
56.25
58.99
57.31
Mean
56.84
55.54
59.40
-----
56.93
56.79
59.12
-----
LS D. at 5%
for
A=0.613
,
B=0.521
,
AxB=0.602
A=0.762
,
B=0.583
,
AxB=0.673
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
56.40
55.82
59.42
57.21
57.70
57.30
59.39
58.13
F.1 (L.)
55.98
56.03
59.44
57.15
57.48
57.06
59.03
57.85
F.2 (M.)
55.87
55.96
59.36
57.07
57.27
56.71
59.07
57.68
F.3 (H.)
56.17
56.08
59.63
57.30
57.98
56.60
58.82
57.80
Mean
56.11
55.97
59.47
-----
57.61
56.92
59.08
-----
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.775
,
B=0.244
,
AxB=0.282
A=0.878
,
B=0.348
,
AxB=0.402
Fodder shrubs
First harvest (Summer Autumn)
F.0 (0.0)
56.60
56.41
68.03
60.33
52.88
56.96
62.37
57.41
F.1 (L.)
56.10
56.17
67.60
59.96
52.50
55.34
61.97
56.60
F.2 (M.)
55.09
55.20
67.33
59.21
51.87
55.72
61.96
56.52
F.3 (H.)
54.53
54.47
67.47
58.83
51.12
56.74
62.08
56.65
Mean
55.57
55.56
67.61
-----
52.09
56.19
62.10
-----
LS D. at 5%
for
A=0.271
,
B=0.531
,
AxB=0.921
A=0.196
,
B=0.680
,
AxB=1.177
Second harvest (Winter Spring)
F.0 (0.0)
57.24
58.53
68.73
61.50
53.42
57.70
62.83
57.98
F.1 (L.)
56.54
57.35
68.07
60.65
52.87
57.24
62.64
57.59
F.2 (M.)
55.12
56.94
67.47
59.84
52.98
57.10
62.68
57.59
F.3 (H.)
54.87
56.40
67.37
59.54
52.96
56.83
62.82
57.54
Mean
55.94
57.31
67.91
-----
53.06
57.22
62.74
-----
LS D. at 5% for
A=0.667
,
B=0.318
,
AxB=0.551
A=0.143
,
B=0.125
,
AxB=0.217
F.0 = Control
C.+Sa. = Conocarpus+Saligna
A= Tree and Shrubs
F.1= Fertilization Low
C.+At. = Conocarpus+Atriplex
B= Fertilization
F.2= Fertilization Medium
C.+Ad.=
Conocarpus+Adhatoda
AxB = Tree and Shrubs x Fertilization
F.3= Fertilization High
In addition to, the results in Table (7) did
not record any increase in the total carbohydrates
content of plants fertilized with high, medium and
low rates of fertilizer compared to the control
(unfertilized plants) in the first and second harvests
in both seasons (2018/2019 & 2019/2020). The
results in Table (23) also showed that the atriplex
shrubs intercropping with conocarpus tree and
fertilized with a high rate of NPK were the lowest
treatments under study in the absence of an increase
in the total carbohydrate content compared to the
other treatments and control in the first and second
harvests for both seasons of the study (2018/2019 &
2019/2020). These results were in agreement with
(Krebs et.al. 2007), (Roshdy et.al. 2013), (Shetta
et.al. 2014) and (Bharat et.al. 2017).
Conclusion
The study recommended that using
(90:60:30 NPK kg fed-1) with conocarpus tree
intercropped with Acacia saligna for producing the
highest values of vegetative growth, yield, yield
components and chemical constituents.
776 et al. Osman M.A.
Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
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Annals of Agric. Sci., Moshtohor, Vol. 60 (3) 2022
NPK
-
NPKNPK
NPK
NPK
NPK
