BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ENZYMATIC ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES Isd-16 AND Isd-28

Abstract

An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh. In this study, biochemical composition, enzyme activity and some chemical parameter of sugarcane juice in the varieties Isd-16 and Isd-28 were investigated. Isd-28 showed higher amount of brix (20.85%), pol (18.53%), fiber (19.93%), ash (6.95%), minerals (Na 1.36 & K 3.12 gm/100 gm ash) and lipid (0.058%) than that of Isd-16. Other compositions such as reducing sugars (0.096%), commercial cane sugar (12.55%), moisture (88.97%), protein (0.328%) and vitamin-C (0.00351 gm/100 gm juice) were lower in Isd-28. Amylase enzyme activity (44.44 unit/ml) and cellulase enzyme activity (7.15 unit/ml) were higher in Isd-28 but invertase enzyme activity (10.88 unit/ml) was lower than that of Isd-16. Purity (91.34%) and extraction percentages (54.63%) were higher in Isd-16 whereas, recovery percentage (11.17%) was lower in the juice of Isd-16 variety than that of variety Isd-28 of sugarcane. Most of the biochemical compositions analyses were higher in Isd-28 than that of lsd-16. Reducing sugars were less in Isd-28 variety indicating less invertase activity.

Full text

Khulna
University
Studies
4
(
2
)
:
775
-
778
BIOCHEMICAL
COMPOSITION
AND
ENZYMATIC
ANALYSIS
OF
SUGARCANE
VARIETIES
Isd
-
16
AND
Isd
-
28
P
.
K
.
Sen
*
,
S
.
M
.
M
.
Rahman
*
*
,
M
.
F
.
Hasan
6
,
M
.
A
.
S
.
Miahb
,
M
.
H
.
Rahman
0
and
A
.
S
.
M
.
Noman
0
“
Biotechnology
and
Genetic
Engineering
Discipline
,
Life
science
school
,
Khulna
University
,
Khulna
-
9208
,
Bangladesh
.
h
Bangladesh
Sugarcane
Research
Institute
(
BSRI
)
,
lshurdi
-
6620
,
Pabna
,
Bangladesh
.
0
Department
of
Biochemistry
and
Molecular
Biology
,
University
of
Rajshahi
,
Rajshahi
-
6205
,
Bangladesh
.
KUS
-
03
/
34
-
240803
Manuscript
received
:
August
24
,
2003
;
Accepted
:
May
18
,
2004
Abstract
:
An
experiment
was
conducted
at
Bangladesh
Sugarcane
Research
Institute
(
BSRI
)
,
Ishurdi
,
Pabna
,
Bangladesh
.
In
this
study
,
biochemical
composition
,
enzyme
activity
and
some
chemical
parameter
of
sugarcane
juice
in
the
varieties
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
were
investigated
.
Isd
-
28
showed
higher
amount
of
brix
(
20.85
%
)
,
pol
(
18.53
%
)
,
fiber
(
19.93
%
)
,
ash
(
6.95
%
)
,
minerals
(
Na
1.36
&
K
3.12
gm
/
100
gm
ash
)
and
lipid
(
0.058
%
)
than
that
of
Isd
-
16
.
Other
compositions
such
as
reducing
sugars
(
0.096
%
)
,
commercial
cane
sugar
(
12.55
%
)
,
moisture
(
88.97
%
)
,
protein
(
0.328
%
)
and
vitamin
-
C
(
0.00351
gm
/
100
gm
juice
)
were
lower
in
Isd
-
28
.
Amylase
enzyme
activity
(
44.44
unit
/
ml
)
and
cellulase
enzyme
activity
(
7.15
unit
/
ml
)
were
higher
in
Isd
-
28
but
invertase
enzyme
activity
(
10.88
unit
/
ml
)
was
lower
than
that
of
Isd
-
16
.
Purity
(
91.34
%
)
and
extraction
percentages
(
54.63
%
)
were
higher
in
Isd
-
16
whereas
,
recovery
percentage
(
11.17
%
)
was
lower
in
the
juice
of
Isd
-
16
variety
than
that
of
variety
Isd
-
28
of
sugarcane
.
Most
of
the
biochemical
compositions
analyses
were
higher
in
Isd
-
28
than
that
of
lsd
-
16
.
Reducing
sugars
were
less
in
Isd
-
28
variety
indicating
less
invertase
activity
.
Key
words
:
Sugarcane
;
enzyme
;
brix
;
pol
;
Isd
-
16
;
Isd
-
28
Introduction
Sugarcane
(
Saccharum
officinarum
)
is
the
second
cash
crop
of
Bangladesh
.
It
is
the
major
source
of
sugar
(
65
%
)
of
the
world
and
the
remaining
(
35
%
)
produced
from
sugar
beet
(
Anon
.
,
1993
)
.
The
annual
production
of
sugar
in
Bangladesh
is
0.22
million
metric
tons
from
sugarcane
.
But
the
country
'
s
annual
requirement
of
sugar
production
has
been
estimated
at
0.30
million
metric
tons
(
Ali
el
al
.
,
1989
)
.
Adopting
two
ways
can
increase
sugarcane
production
of
the
country
,
one
is
to
extend
the
cultivation
area
of
sugarcane
and
the
other
is
to
increase
the
yield
per
unit
area
.
Bangladesh
Sugarcane
Research
Institute
(
BSRI
)
,
has
released
some
locally
developed
improved
varieties
of
sugarcane
which
produce
maximum
tonnage
with
satisfactory
sugar
recovery
(
Bull
and
Cullen
,
1994
)
.
Sugar
is
a
source
of
instant
energy
and
a
glass
of
sugar
helps
to
regain
energy
loss
due
to
long
hours
of
fasting
.
Nutritionist
rightly
advocate
for
taking
around
15
%
of
the
required
calories
from
sugar
alone
.
A
minimum
of
13
%
of
the
body
'
s
required
calorie
must
be
provided
through
sugar
especially
at
the
adolescent
age
for
balanced
growth
and
development
of
the
brain
.
Sugarcane
juice
contains
calcium
,
potassium
,
phosphorus
,
iron
,
riboflavin
,
carotene
besides
sucrose
and
traces
of
protein
and
fat
.
The
quality
of
cane
depends
on
higher
sucrose
level
,
lower
fiber
,
reducing
sugars
,
and
other
impurities
content
in
juice
.
Sucrose
accumulation
in
sugarcane
is
infact
a
highly
sensitive
response
to
discrete
enzyme
behavior
.
Sucrose
,
commonly
known
as
table
sugar
,
is
a
disaccharide
composed
of
a
a
-
D
-
glucose
moiety
and
a
P
-
D
-
fructose
moiety
linked
by
a
a
-
1
,
4
-
glucosidic
bond
.
When
this
bond
is
cleaved
in
a
hydrolysis
reaction
,
an
equimolar
mixture
of
glucose
and
fructose
is
generated
.
Due
to
some
biochemical
changes
,
the
qualitative
and
quantitative
changes
of
sugar
in
sugarcane
occur
abundantly
.
Previous
study
regarding
biochemical
composition
was
employed
using
small
numbers
of
parameters
.
In
this
study
we
have
clarified
biochemical
composition
using
large
number
of
parameters
for
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
varieties
of
sugarcane
.
The
present
investigation
was
undertaken
to
study
some
biochemical
compositions
and
parameters
viz
.
brix
,
pol
,
commercial
cane
sugar
(
CCS
)
,
reducing
sugars
(
RS
)
,
lipid
,
protein
,
ash
,
vitamin
-
C
,
fiber
,
minerals
,
purity
,
extraction
percentage
,
recovery
percentage
,
pH
and
enzymatic
activities
of
the
sugarcane
varieties
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
.
Materials
and
Methods
For
the
experimental
purpose
,
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
varieties
of
sugarcane
were
collected
from
BSRI
(
24.07
°
N
latitude
,
89.05
°
E
longitude
and
15.2
M
altitudes
)
,
Ishurdi
,
Pabna
at
the
harvesting
time
in
the
month
of
February
,
2003
.
The
cane
samples
were
crushed
in
a
three
-
roller
mill
(
power
crusher
)
.
Brix
%
was
determined
by
the
Brix
hydrometer
,
standardized
at
20
°
C
.
Home
’
s
dry
led
method
was
used
for
the
pol
(
sucrose
)
determination
using
Automatic
Polarimeter
(
ADP
-
220
)
.
Purity
%
&
recovery
%
were
calculated
from
brix
%
and
pol
%
as
described
by
Anonymous
(
1970
)
.
Reducing
sugars
were
determined
by
Lane
and
Eynon
method
mentioned
in
by
Queensland
Sugar
Mill
Laboratory
Manual
(
Anon
.
,
1970
)
.
Fiber
content
•
Corresponding
author
Tel
88
-
041
-
720171
-
3
,
Ext
.
378
;
Fax
:
884
)
41
-
731244
;
E
-
mail
:
manmr
2003
@
yahoo
.
com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53808/KUS.2002.4.2.0334-L

Sen
et
al
.
was
determined
by
the
Prepared
Cane
Method
(
Anon
.
,
1970
)
.
Moisture
and
ash
content
were
determined
by
Association
of
Official
Analytical
Chemists
(
AOAC
)
(
1984
)
method
.
Mineral
content
was
determined
by
Flame
Photometric
Method
.
Lipid
content
was
determined
by
Bligh
and
Dyer
(
1959
)
method
.
Protein
content
was
determined
by
Micro
-
Kjeldahl
(
Jayaraman
,
1985
)
method
.
Vitamin
-
C
content
was
determined
by
Bessey
’
s
titrimetric
method
(
Bessey
and
King
,
1933
)
.
Enzyme
activity
was
determined
by
Mahdeven
and
Sridhar
(
1982
)
method
.
Results
and
Discussion
The
biochemical
compositions
of
brix
,
pol
,
RS
,
fiber
,
CCS
,
moisture
,
ash
,
minerals
(
Na
,
K
)
,
lipid
,
protein
,
vitamin
-
C
and
some
chemical
parameters
and
enzyme
activity
of
sugarcane
were
determined
and
analyzed
.
Table
1
shows
the
results
of
biochemical
composition
.
Hasan
et
al
.
(
2002
)
found
almost
similar
result
of
biochemical
composition
.
For
the
variety
Isd
-
16
,
the
composition
was
:
brix
20.80
%
,
pol
18.46
%
and
RS
0.20
%
.
For
the
variety
Isd
-
28
,
the
composition
was
:
brix
19.60
%
,
pol
17.60
%
and
RS
0.25
%
at
the
harvesting
stage
.
Almost
similar
results
were
observer
by
Sikder
et
al
.
(
2001
)
.
Solomon
et
al
.
(
1990
)
also
found
the
similar
type
of
results
and
reported
that
the
brix
%
,
pol
%
,
CCS
%
and
reducing
sugar
contents
were
20.11
,
19.18
,
13.73
and
0.83
,
respectively
in
the
harvesting
stage
of
the
sugarcane
variety
Co
1158
.
Almost
similar
results
of
brix
%
,
pol
%
and
reducing
sugars
were
reported
by
Kundu
and
Gupta
(
1991
)
at
the
harvesting
stage
in
the
varieties
Co
48211
,
CoH
5
,
CoJ
64
,
CoJ
76
,
CoS
687
,
Co
85015
,
CoH
51
.
Taneja
et
al
.
(
1986
)
also
observed
almost
close
results
in
the
varieties
CoJ
64
,
Co
7314
,
Co
7714
,
Co
9614
,
CoH
7802
,
Co
1158
,
Co
975
,
CoH
7803
and
Co
1148
.
Tania
and
Salamatullah
(
2002
)
found
79.53
±
0.07
%
moisture
,
0.5
±
0.07
%
ashes
,
0.28
±
0.07
%
proteins
and
0.13
±
0.04
%
fat
in
Isd
-
16
variety
.
They
also
found
75.83
±
0.06
%
moisture
,
0.30
±
0.01
%
ashes
,
0.26
±
0.03
%
proteins
and
0.12
±
0.06
%
fat
in
the
variety
Isd
-
28
.
Donefer
and
Latrille
(
1979
)
reported
that
sugarcane
variety
B
41227
contains
6.5
%
ash
.
Okuno
and
Tamaki
(
2002
)
reported
1.6
gm
/
100
gm
solid
potassium
from
sugarcane
before
octadecylsilyl
-
silica
gel
(
ODS
)
treatment
.
Islam
et
al
.
(
2002
)
determined
0.051
units
of
lipid
,
1.31
unit
of
protein
and
0.089
unit
of
vitamin
-
C
in
the
healthy
sugarcane
.
Table
1
.
Biochemical
composition
in
sugarcane
Compositions
Variety
lsd
-
16
Isd
-
28
Brix
%
19.75
20.85
Pol
%
18.04
18.53
Reducing
Sugars
%
0.209
0.096
'
Fiber
%
17.67
19.93
%
Commercial
Cane
Sugar
(
CCS
)
12.82
12.55
Ash
%
4.42
6.95
Moisture
%
90.88
88.97
Minerals
(
gm
/
lOOgms
of
Ash
)
Na
1.31
1.36
K
0.292
0.312
Lipid
%
0.051
0.058
Protein
%
0.437
0.328
Vitamin
-
C
%
0.00378
0.00351
Table
2
shows
the
results
of
some
biochemical
parameters
analysis
.
Almost
similar
results
were
reported
by
Hasan
et
al
.
(
2002
)
.
They
found
that
Isd
-
16
had
88.75
%
purity
and
11.2
%
recovery
rate
whereas
Isd
-
28
contained
89.79
%
purity
and
10.8
%
recovery
rates
.
Almost
similar
results
were
observed
by
Sikder
et
al
.
(
2001
)
.
Solomon
et
al
.
(
1990
)
reported
that
purity
and
extraction
percentages
and
pH
in
the
varieties
Co
1158
were
95.29
%
,
55.29
%
and
5.47
respectively
.
Table
2
.
Biochemical
parameters
of
su
garcane
juice
Parameters
Variety
Isd
-
16
Isd
-
28
Purity
%
91.34
88.87
Recovery
%
11.17
11.29
Extraction
%
54.63
47.66
_
pH
5.39
5.41
Fig
.
-
l
,
Fig
.
-
2
and
Fig
.
-
3
represent
the
enzyme
invertase
,
amylase
and
cellulase
activity
respectively
at
harvesting
stages
of
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
varieties
of
sugarcane
.
Isd
-
16
had
higher
invertase
activity
(
14.51
unit
/
ml
)
than
Isd
-
28
(
10.88
unit
/
ml
)
.
Isd
-
28
had
a
higher
amount
of
amylase
activity
(
44.44
unit
/
ml
)
than
that
776

Biochemical
composition
and
enzymatic
analysis
of
sugarcane
varieties
Isd
-
16
AND
Isd
-
28
of
the
Isd
-
16
(
35.56
unit
/
ml
)
.
Isd
-
28
also
had
a
higher
amount
of
cellulase
activity
(
7.15
unit
/
ml
)
than
that
of
the
Isd
-
16
(
3.50
unit
/
ml
)
.
16
I
14
-
I
12
f
10
ii
;
0
bd
16
bd
28
varieties
50
I
40
-
I
30
20
10
I
0
bd
16
bd
28
Varieties
Fig
.
-
1
.
Invertase
activity
in
Isd
16
and
Isd
28
Fig
.
-
2
.
Amylase
activity
in
Isd
16
and
Isd
28
varieties
of
varieties
of
sugarcane
sugarcane
Hasan
el
al
.
(
2002
)
found
that
at
harvesting
stage
,
invertase
activity
of
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
were
6.0
unit
/
ml
and
17.37
unit
/
ml
respectively
,
amylase
activity
was
23.0
unit
/
ml
and
30.0
unit
/
ml
in
the
variety
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
respectively
and
Isd
-
28
contained
4.88
unit
/
ml
and
Isd
-
16
contained
3.77
unit
/
ml
cellulase
at
harvesting
stage
.
It
has
been
hypothesized
that
,
the
presence
of
higher
invertase
activity
in
the
sugarcane
reduces
the
amount
of
brix
and
pol
but
increases
reducing
sugars
.
The
result
shown
in
Table
1
and
Fig
.
-
l
is
consistent
with
the
hypothesis
.
1
43
|
Isd
16
I
Isd
28
Varieties
Fig
.
-
3
.
Cellulose
activity
in
Isd
16
and
Isd
28
varieties
of
sugarcane
Sikder
et
al
.
(
2001
)
reported
almost
similar
amount
of
invertase
,
amylase
and
cellulase
in
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
varieties
.
Das
and
Prabhu
(
1990
)
reported
that
during
maturity
phase
,
reducing
sugars
content
and
invertase
activity
in
sugarcane
were
low
;
they
also
reported
48.9
unit
of
amylase
in
variety
Co
1148
.
Conclusion
Although
both
Isd
-
16
and
Isd
-
28
are
prominent
varieties
of
sugarcane
,
Isd
-
28
contains
lower
amount
of
invertase
enzyme
as
well
as
lower
amount
of
reducing
sugars
and
higher
amount
of
brix
and
pol
than
that
of
variety
Isd
-
16
.
Among
the
biochemical
compositions
,
moisture
content
was
the
highest
lipid
and
vitamin
-
C
content
was
very
minute
in
both
the
variety
.
Due
to
less
amount
of
invertase
,
variety
Isd
-
28
contained
less
amount
of
reducing
sugars
.
We
can
transfer
this
enzyme
responsible
gene
into
another
variety
,
which
would
synthesize
higher
invertase
as
well
as
higher
reducing
sugar
and
thus
the
variety
may
be
improved
.
777

Sen
el
al
.
Acknowledgement
The
authors
are
grateful
to
Dr
.
A
.
B
.
M
.
Mafizur
Rahman
,
Director
General
,
Bangladesh
Sugarcane
Research
Institute
(
BSRI
)
,
Ishurdi
-
6620
,
Pabna
for
giving
permission
and
providing
laboratory
facility
to
perform
this
research
work
at
BSRI
.
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