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Evaluation of Combining Ability for Some New Yellow Maize Inbred Lines Using Line X Tester Model

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... Combining ability is a useful biometric tool to plant breeders for formulating efficient breeding programs 268 (Hallauer and Miranda 1981). Line x tester analysis by (Kempthome 1957) has widely been used for evaluation of inbred lines (Singh et al 2013, Jahan et al 2014, Rastgari et al 2014, El-Ghonemy 2015, Gamea 2015, Kumar et al 2015, Hassan et al 2016, Baudh Bharti et al 2017, Ismail et al 2018, Darshan and Marker 2019, Sharma et al 2019and Badr et al 2022. Classifying maize inbred lines into heterotic groups is the initial step in maize breeding due to maximizing the exploitation of heterosis by determining the relationship among the diverse inbred lines (Menkir et al 2004, Fan et al 2009, Legesse et al. 2009and Mosa et al 2017. ...
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A half diallel cross between 7 inbred lines of maize was evaluated under two different nitrogen rates for six quantitative characters. Nitrogen rates, genotypes, parents, hybrids and parents vs crosses mean squares were significant for all traits. Significant genotypexnitrogen rate mean squares were obtained for days to 50% maturity, No. of rows ear-1 and shelling%. Significant interaction mean squares between hybridsXnitrogen rates were detected for days to 50% maturity, No. of rows ear-1 and grain yield plant"1. General and Specific Combing Ability (GCA and SCA) mean squares were significant for all traits. GCA/SCA ratios revealed that the additive and additivexadditive types of gene action were the most important expressions for days to 50% maturity, number of rows ear-1 and shelling% in both and nitrogen rates and combined analysis. Significant interaction mean squares between nitrogen rates and GCA and SCA were detected for most traits. The crosses P1XP2 and P1XP7 at the low nitrogen level, P1×P4, P1×P6, P1×P7 and P2×P5 hybrids at the normal nitrogen level and the hybrid P1×P7 in the across nitrogen levels, were out yielded the check hybrid (Pioneer 30K8). Also, single cross P1×P7did not differ significantly from the hybrid Hytech 2031 in low nitrogen rate and combined analysis for grain yield plant"1. The parental inbred line No. 4 gave a good combiner for No. of rows ear-1 and grain yield plant-1 at both and across nitrogen rate. The most desirable inter and intra allelic interactions were presented by combinations: P1×P6, P1×P7, P2×P6 and P5×P6 for 100-kernel weight, P1×P2, P1×P4, P1×P6, P1×P7, P2×P3, P2×P5, P2×P7 and P4×P7 for gram yield plant-1 and P1×P4 and P4×P7 for shelhng%. These crosses may be prime importance in breeding programs either towards hybrid maize production or synthetic varieties composed of hybrids which involved the good combiners for the traits in view.
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An official journal of the Genetics Society, Heredity publishes high-quality articles describing original research and theoretical insights in all areas of genetics. Research papers are complimented by News & Commentary articles and reviews, keeping researchers and students abreast of hot topics in the field.
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In this study the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus application on growth, forage yield and quality of fodder maize was studied. The variety used was Giza 2. Nitrogen was applied at the rates of (0, 40 and 80 kg N ha-1), while phosphorus levels were (0, 50 and 100 kg P2O5 ha-1). Parameters studied were plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter and Leaf Area Index (LAI). Moreover days to 50% tasseling, dry matter yield, crude protein and crude fiber contents were studied. Results showed that addition of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased plant height, stem diameter and LAI. Phosphorus fertilization has no significant effect on the growth attributes. Application of nitrogen allowed the crop to reach 50% tasseling earlier. Phosphorus on the other hand has no effect on days to 50% tasseling. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the forage dry matter yield. In contrast phosphorus has no effect on the dry matter yield. Nitrogen was significantly increased the protein content of forage maize, on the other hand phosphorus has no effect on the crude protein content. Neither nitrogen nor phosphorus has a significant effect on the crude fiber content.
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The present study was undertaken to characterize the genetic architecture of various local and CIMMYT inbred line crosses using LinexTester design. The material was generated at Winter Maize Nursery, Amberpet, Hyderabad 2004-2005. The parental lines (15), testers (3) and test crosses (45) were evaluated at two diverse locations of Kashmir valley namely Larnoo and Wadura during 2005. The analysis of variance revealed significant mean squares due to progenies, crosses and parents v/s crosses for all traits. GxE interaction was significant for all traits except ear diameter and 100-seed weight. The analysis for combining ability revealed significant variances due to GCA and SCA for all traits with preponderance of latter. Correspondingly the estimates of genetic components of variance also revealed predominance of non-additive component. The present study identified various parents and crosses in terms of per se performance and GCA and SCA estimates. The implications on maize breeding in light of results of present study have been discussed.
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