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Uncertainty Calculation to Assess the Structural and Functional State of Bone Tissue
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The paper is devoted to the problems of diagnosis of septic and aseptic forms of central venous thrombosis. The aim of the study was to study the clinical manifestation and lesions of the ear, nose and throat, in patients with aseptic central venous thrombosis in order to increase the efficiency of differential diagnosis of various forms of thrombosis and to determine the tactics of further treatment of patients with this disease. Variants of manifestation of lesions of Lesions of the ear, nose and throat were studied in 14 patients with aseptic central venous thrombosis who were hospitalized for the period from 2016 to 2019, the results of their ophthalmological and neurological examination, as well as laboratory studies are given. It was found that among patients with cerebral venous thrombosis in most cases (82.4%) various changes in otolaryngological status were detected, of which 21.4% of cases – with septic lesions of the ENT organs, 78.6% of cases – with aseptic changes. During the examination, the character of these pathological changes in otolaryngology status in non-purulent lesions of the ENT organs (swelling of the soft tissues of the face, sinus mucosa or their necrosis, dysfunction of the pharyngeal muscular system, neurosensory deafness) were formulated, which could be explained by secondary ischemic tissue changes and impaired venous outflow of the soft tissues of the face. Also, the absence of a primary purulent focus of infection and septic changes in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of CVT, confirmed the aseptic (primary) form of the disease. Patients with aseptic CVT are assigned direct anticoagulant therapy and symptomatic therapy depending on the presence of cerebral and focal neurological symptoms, which is radically different from the therapeutic tactics used by patients with septic CVT. Thus, when conducting a differential diagnosis of different forms of CVT, for the choice of therapeutic strategy, in addition to the standard algorithm of examination of the patient should take into account the nature of changes in otolaryngological status.
A range of issues related to using English attributive phrases formed by the prefix + noun model in dental literature by modern scientists is considered. Such words' syntactic structure does not correspond to the disease's pathogenesis, which creates certain difficulties in terms of the perception of these syntactic constructions by General Practitioners and Pathologists Our work is devoted to finding an adequate equivalent replacement for the ingrained semantics of phrases that are implicit in nature. Using the term "discoloration", in our opinion, is due to the simplicity of explaining to the patient the change in tooth color under the influence of various exogenous and endogenous factors. Using the term 'pigment dystrophy' for dental patients is a complicated psychological factor. Therefore, there is a substitution of 'pigment dystrophy' to "discoloration" in modern dental literature. The term 'pigment dystrophy' is more pathologically and pathogenetically determined and is more suitable for explaining pathological processes in the teeth' hard tissues. There is no concept of "pigment dystrophy" and "discoloration" of teeth in the current classification of diseases World Health Organization (WHO) ICD-10. As a result of the analysis of the rules and semantics of the terms used by scientists, they are incorrect in many cases.
In spite of a high informative value, spiral computed tomography is currently an additional optional examination and it is not included in domestic and foreign preoperative examination protocols.
Purpose – assessing the feasibility of spiral computed tomography in the complex of presurgery examination of patients with ventral hernias. Materials and methods. The paper deals with analyzing the diagnostic findings of 35 patients with ventral hernias treated at Surgery Department of Municipal Non-Commercial Enterprise of Kharkiv Regional Council “Regional Clinical Hospital” during 2018–2019 period. All patients were operated on after compulsory and additional examinations according to the existing guidelines. Spiral computed tomography was an additional examination for all patients. The frequency of symptoms detected by means of computed tomography and confirmed during surgery was analyzed.
Results. Most of the signs revealed during tomography and associated with the combined abdominal pathology, were completely confirmed by laparoscopic exploration of the abdominal cavity and pelvis. Spiral computed tomography was of particular value in patients clinically diagnosed with chronic appendicitis. When assessing the ventral hernia, it was possible not only to clearly determine its content and location towards the abdominal line, but also, before surgery, to calculate the width and length of the hernia gate and the volume of the organs in hernia sac. Unlike ultrasonography, computed tomography makes it possible to thoroughly evaluate the dimensions of the hernia gate and the state of the muscular aponeurotic layer of the anterior abdominal wall. Not least important is diagnosing the combined abdominal pathology, including the oncological one, which has no clinical manifestations but still has to be exposed to surgery.
Conclusions. In the complex of preoperative examination of patients with ventral hernias, spiral computed tomography provides useful information on the anatomical features of ventral hernia and the combined abdominal pathology that requires surgical intervention. These data aid in planning a favorable type of hernioplasty of ventral hernia and simultaneous surgery. Spiral computed tomography is recommended to be added to the standard protocol of presurgery examination of patients with ventral hernias.
A noniterative approach to the problem of visually lossless compression of dental images is proposed for an image coder based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and partition scheme optimization. This approach considers the following peculiarities of the problem. It is necessary to carry out lossy compression of dental images to achieve large compression ratios (CRs). Since dental images are viewed and analyzed by specialists, it is important to preserve useful diagnostic information preventing appearance of any visible artifacts due to lossy compression. At last, dental images may contain noise having complex statistical and spectral properties. In this paper, we have analyzed and utilized dependences of three quality metrics (Peak signal-to-noise ratio, PSNR; eak Signal-to-Noise Ratio using Human Visual System and Masking (PSNR-HVS-M); and feature similarity, FSIM) on the quantization step (QS), which controls a compression ratio for the so-called advanced DCT coder (ADCTC). The threshold values of distortion visibility for these metrics have been considered. Finally, the recent results on detectable changes in noise intensity have been incorporated in the QS setting. A visual comparison of original and compressed images allows to conclude that the introduced distortions are practically undetectable for the proposed approach; meanwhile, the provided CR lies within the interval.
Lossy compression is widely used to decrease the size of multichannel remote sensing data. Alongside this positive effect, lossy compression may lead to a negative outcome as making worse image classification. Thus, if possible, lossy compression should be carried out carefully, controlling the quality of compressed images. In this paper, a dependence between classification accuracy of maximum likelihood and neural network classifiers applied to three-channel test and real-life images and quality of compressed images characterized by standard and visual quality metrics is studied. The following is demonstrated. First, a classification accuracy starts to decrease faster when image quality due to compression ratio increasing reaches a distortion visibility threshold. Second, the classes with a wider distribution of features start to “take pixels” from classes with narrower distributions of features. Third, a classification accuracy might depend essentially on the training methodology, i.e., whether features are determined from original data or compressed images. Finally, the drawbacks of pixel-wise classification are shown and some recommendations on how to improve classification accuracy are given.
Objective. Determining the anatomical variability of the upper maxillary sinus and ostiomeatal complex components as well as on the basis of the obtained data the selection of the optimal access to the zones of the maxillary sinus to choose sinusitis treatment method, which allows minimizing intra- and postoperative complications.
Methods. The results of studies of the paranasal sinuses of 30 patients conducted on the spiral computed tomography were studied: 10 with the subtotal reduction of pneumatization of the maxillary sinus and 10 patients with hyperplasia of the mucous membrane. The control group included 10 SCTs of healthy individuals. The average volume, bone density of the maxillary sinus, the average size of the inferior nasal turbinate, the size, density of processus uncinatus under physiological and pathological conditions, the correlation between these parameters were determined.
Results. A significant correlation (r=0.96, 0.96, 0.95, and 0.9 in the physiological state and r=0.95, 0.94, 0.97, and 0.91 in sinusitis) was noted between the volume, thickness and the density of the walls of the maxillary sinus. A moderate correlation was between the volume of the sinus, the thickness and density of the processus uncinatus, the volume of the sinus and the longitudinal size of the inferior turbinate in the unchanged sinus (r=0.65, 0.68 and 0.66). A very strong correlation was between the thickness of the upper wall and the volume of the sinus (r=0.96). A strong positive linear relationship (r=0.72) is noted between the volume and thickness of the medial wall (p<0.05). The reliable (p<0.01) strong (r=0.75) interconnection was between the thickness of the processus uncinatus and the average sinus volume. Very strong linear correlation was between the density of the middle and upper walls of the maxillary sinus in physiological and pathological conditions (r=0.9 and 0.84)
Conclusions. Spiral computed tomography is a diagnostically significant method for the study of the maxillary sinuses. Parameters of the paranasal sinuses necessary for successful endoscopic rhinosurgery were determined. The obtained data helps to choose access during endoscopic operations, to prevent intra-, postoperative complications, to predict the likelihood of intracranial or intraocular spread of the pathological process.
Keywords: paranasal sinuses, maxillary sinus, density, processus uncinatus, inferior turbinate.
This pilot study explores feasibility and outcomes of a newly developed mindfulness-based cognitive attitude training program for health care personnel. The program was designed as an intervention to reduce the negative effects of stress on health care personnel, on both a personal and professional level, as well as to encourage personal well-being and improved management of the caregiver-patient relationship. The study group (n = 52) consisted of individuals from various categories of caregivers within a primary care setting. The study includes pre- and postintervention assessments and a 3-month follow-up assessment of levels of mindfulness (Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale), quality of life (the WHO-5 Well-Being Questionnaire), and perceived stress (two VAS scales). As a group, course participants demonstrated significant positive changes reflected in all assessment scales after completing the course. These positive changes persisted at a 3-month follow-up assessment. The study results indicate the feasibility of this program and a need for continued research with a more powerful study design, possibly supplemented with a qualitative survey.
There are both the one-to-many and many-to-one types of linear-feedback shift registers. In this paper we filled the gap between them. Our linear-feedback shift register has many-to-many configuration. It generates the Galois field different from finite field formed Galois linear-feedback shift register. We consider inference for appropriate primitive polynomial. Our principle can be implemented very efficiently on common microprocessors.
Anatomical prerequisites for the development of rhinosinusitis
- A Nechyporenko
- V Alekseeva
- L Sychova
- V Cheverda
- N Yurevych
- V Gargin
Anatomical prerequisites for the development of rhinosinusitis
- nechyporenko