Qualitative Text Analysis: A Guide to Methods, Practice & Using Software
... To address the research inquiries, an initial survey are conducted to unearth the challenges faced by IEC 62559 Use Case description creators and SGAM Model developers, as well as their challenges with the accompanying toolchain. We collected data through an online survey, containing open-and closed questions, which requires the application of a mix of quantitative analysis methods and qualitative content analysis (following the Kuckartz method [Kuckartz and McWhertor 2014]) for the interpretation of descriptive data. ...
... This method is particularly useful for interpreting self-collected data [Schreier 2012]. The data analysis methodology in this study closely adhered to the principles of '"Qualitative Text Analysis" by Udo Kuckartz [Kuckartz and McWhertor 2014]. This approach places particular importance on developing categories from the material [Schreier 2014], which was considered particularly important in this context. ...
... Utilizing the qualitative content analysis acc. Kuckartz [Kuckartz and McWhertor 2014], a coding process is executed. Each textual element (responses) is segmented into frames through sentences, comma-separated lists, and bullet points. ...
The IEC 62559 Use Case Methodology and the Smart Grid Architecture Model Framework (SGAM) play a crucial role in energy-related national and European research and innovation projects, facilitating a shared understanding among stakeholders in ICT-based Smart Grid solutions. However, their adoption presents challenges due to the complexity and diverse expert backgrounds involved, which can lead to ambiguous IEC 62559 Use Cases and SGAM Models, and consequently, potentially wrong decisions in the implementation by inaccurate descriptions or models. This research identifies the challenges faced by IEC 62559 Use Cases and SGAM Model modelers, as well as their working processes utilizing the toolchain. To achieve this, a survey was conducted among experts experienced in modeling IEC 62559 Use Cases and SGAM Models, followed by qualitative content analysis of the collected data. The findings enhance the usage of the standard/framework and toolchain by improving the understanding of creators' challenges. The results aim to enhance both energy-related and methodological research projects by leveraging modelers' insights into project conditions and processes. This includes ensuring that required information are available on creating, establishing collaborative structures for SGAM modeling, and advancing the maturity of the Use Case Management Repository. The insights support the development of future qualitative SGAM Models and IEC 62559 Use Case descriptions, thereby raising awareness of potential issues.
... The data were analyzed using thematic qualitative content analysis, following Kuckartz (2014). This methodological approach aims at the development of a system of categories. ...
... Subsequently, further insights into goals emerged during the interviews, prompting us to use the entire transcripts for a comprehensive analysis. Prior to coding, case summaries were written to condense the central characteristics of individual cases against the background of the research question (Kuckartz, 2014). ...
... Our aim here was to identify an overall goal for each of the groups involved. To do this, we created a qualitative cross tab, which Kuckartz (2014) describes in the last step of the thematic content analysis as simple and complex analyses and visualizations, and for which he offers different possibilities. We use the crosstab to show links between group characteristics and the coded thematic statements. ...
Following the current rise of cross-sector networks in education, we take a closer look at the supply side in the field of cultural education in Germany. We consider goal diversity in cross-sector collaborations and aim to provide insights into the group-specific goals of actors in the initial phase of collaborations. Using the lens of collaborative governance, collaborative engagement, and goal diversity research, we conducted 24 semi-structured interviews which we analyzed using thematic qualitative content analysis. We identified distinct goals for each of the five participating groups. These goals can be assigned to the macro, meso, and micro levels of the network, providing information about the direction of the goals and emphasizing the dynamic interplay of goals and their implications for collaborative dynamics. Future research could determine whether the results can be found in other contexts.
... With regard to the analysed LCA case studies the functional unit (FU), system boundaries, life cycle phases considered, LCIA method and addressed interconnections between behaviour and LCA results were noted. Adapting Kuckartz's [33] approach for qualitative text analysis, coding and category formation, the identified approaches for behaviour operationalisation were analysed and three main categories based on the analysis were formed (step c): ...
... To generate the categories, the deductive-inductive approach for category formation by Kuckartz was used [33]. This approach starts with the application of preset-'deductive'-categories, but allows the adjustment, addition and omittance of categories based on the coding results. ...
... A focus will also be put on findings that regard how behaviour aspects are implemented in the different steps of the LCA and how the chosen approaches influence the results of the assessment. As an adaption of Kuckartz's [33] approach of qualitative content analysis was applied, three main categories concerning the operationalisation of behaviour could be identified. ...
Background
Smart home technologies (SHT) make it easier than ever to track energy demands and are expected to contribute to the implementation of sustainability strategies. In particular, they are supposed to enable promising demand side management strategies by altering user behaviour towards sustainability while ensuring the balance of energy supply and demand.
For determining environmental impacts of products and technologies, the methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA) is an established tool. While large parts of LCAs are standardised, the consideration of user behaviour related effects has not been specified. By adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, this literature study contributes to the future development of a standardized methodology for the operationalisation of behaviour in LCAs.
Results
Three main strategies for operationalising behaviour in LCA studies were identified: (1) behaviour theory-based approaches, (2) model-based behaviour predictions and (literature-based) deductions, and (3) averages and assumptions. The results of this literature study show that the selection of the strategy is crucial as the user behaviour and methods used for LCAs have a significant impact on the environmental and economic payback periods and calculated overall impact of SHTs. Findings from the social sciences on practices and household activities that can be influenced by SHTs, are not systematically applied.
Conclusions
Our literature analysis makes it clear that LCA results depend on various factors. Selected operationalisation and methodological approaches, respectively, can play a key role. Depending on the method chosen the results can vary by several orders of magnitude and are not always comparable. Simplified approaches for integrating user behaviour into LCAs like assumptions and average values can be a first step in accounting for the relevance of behaviour. However, it is important to bear in mind that these approaches may not reflect actual user behaviour, as this can be subjected to a limited changeability of certain household practices and habits. On the basis of the results, the authors recommend greater interdisciplinary co-operation in the conduction of LCAs on SHTs, ranging from a common definition of the scope, to the implementation of socio-scientific research and survey methods, to the derivation of policies.
... For qualitative data, including those from observations and focus groups, an evaluative qualitative content analysis was used [32,33]. This method assessed, classified, and evaluated content, akin to a content-structuring qualitative content analysis. ...
... This method assessed, classified, and evaluated content, akin to a content-structuring qualitative content analysis. However, in an evaluative content analysis, additional categories are generated to allow researchers to rate the material on the selected dimensions [33][34][35]. In this research, these assessment dimensions were defined as being less than, equal to, or better than the original BBT measurement instrument. ...
... This audio file, an observation protocol created by the researcher following the focus group, and notes from the guideline were used for data analysis. For analysis, an evaluative qualitative content approach was chosen [33]. An initial coding frame was derived from the focus group guideline and refined as more data were analyzed. ...
Background: The Box and Block Test (BBT) is a clinical tool used to measure hand dexterity, which is often used for tracking disease progression or the effectiveness of therapy, particularly benefiting older adults and those with neurological conditions. Digitizing the measurement of hand function may enhance the quality of data collection. We have developed and validated a prototype that digitizes this test, known as the digital BBT (dBBT), which automatically measures time and determines and displays the test result. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical utility and usability of the newly developed dBBT and to collect suggestions for future improvements. Methods: A total of 4 occupational therapists participated in our study. To evaluate the clinical utility, we compared the dBBT to the BBT across dimensions such as acceptance, portability, energy and effort, time, and costs. We observed therapists using the dBBT as a dexterity measurement tool and conducted a quantitative usability questionnaire using the System Usability Scale (SUS), along with a focus group. Evaluative, structured, and qualitative content analysis was used for the qualitative data, whereas quantitative analysis was applied to questionnaire data. The qualitative and quantitative data were merged and analyzed using a convergent mixed methods approach. Results: Overall, the results of the evaluative content analysis suggested that the dBBT had a better clinical utility than the original BBT, with ratings of all collected participant statements for the dBBT being 45% (45/99) equal to, 48% (48/99) better than, and 6% (6/99) lesser than the BBT. Particularly in the subcategories "acceptance," "time required for evaluation," and "purchase costs," the dBBT was rated as being better than the original BBT. The dBBT achieved a mean SUS score of 83 (95% CI 76-96). Additionally, several suggested changes to the system were identified. Conclusions: The study demonstrated an overall positive evaluation of the clinical utility and usability of the dBBT. Valuable insights were gathered for future system iterations. These pioneering results highlight the potential of digitizing hand dexterity assessments.
... While VOS has proven useful for displaying large bibliometric maps [25], software packages like MAXQDA, NVivo and Leximancer are popular for CAQDA. However, MAXQDA and NVivo, relying on manual coding, may introduce bias in selecting and interpreting keywords and concepts, potentially skewing results [25][26][27][28]. In contrast, All 85 research articles, excluding the 19 SLRs, were content analysed (see Section 3.2). ...
... While VOS has proven useful for displaying large bibliometric maps [25], software packages like MAXQDA, NVivo and Leximancer are popular for CAQDA. However, MAXQDA and NVivo, relying on manual coding, may introduce bias in selecting and interpreting keywords and concepts, potentially skewing results [25][26][27][28]. In contrast, Leximancer uses machine learning and natural language processing to automatically identify and analyse words, concepts, and their relationships. ...
Grain supply chains (GSCs) are crucial for global food security, economic development, and environmental sustainability. This study investigates the complexities and challenges of enhancing the resilience of GSCs. The research unravels decision-making intricacies, assesses post-harvest risks and stakeholder interactions, and identifies future research avenues. This systematic literature review (SLR), following PRISMA guidelines, and conducted with two search rounds, addressed questions of resilience and efficiency of post-harvest GSCs, key decision factors of stakeholders influencing the sustainability and operational success of GSCs, and methods that can be used to develop robust decision-making for managing risks and uncertainties in GSCs. A comprehensive database of post-2000 journal articles from the Web of Science and Scopus was analysed using bibliometric and content analysis. This research identified five key themes: (1) operational complexity requiring strategic resilience, (2) comprehensive risk management strategies, (3) critical role of transport and storage infrastructure, (4) significant impact of stakeholder decisions on GSC dynamics, and (5) diverse methodological approaches for robust analysis. These themes illustrate the multifaceted challenges and opportunities within GSCs, suggesting that integrating operations research with behavioural economics is vital for improving strategic decision-making. The results advocate for adopting advanced technologies and innovative multidisciplinary methods to improve GSC efficiency and resilience, which are essential for navigating geopolitical tensions, market fluctuations, and complex stakeholder behaviours. It identified under-researched areas such as farmer transport decisions and logistics provider selection, and integrated emerging themes (such as resilience and behavioural aspects), contributing to the body of knowledge and supporting enhanced decision-making in GSCs for a stable global food supply system.
... A summary of the study design and methodical approach is presented in Figure 1. [11]. ...
... After transcribing the meaning of the collected data, we carried out a qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz [11]. The observation protocols were triangulated with the interviews. ...
Background
The demand for support among people with dementia is increasing, while caregiving capacity is declining. As the trend of aging at home continues, technologies can help maintain the autonomy of people with dementia, enabling them to live independently for as long as possible. Furthermore, digital applications can have numerous positive biopsychosocial effects on the health of people with dementia, enhancing their physical, cognitive, and social functioning.
Objective
This study aims to investigate the needs and experiences of people with dementia regarding a prototype tablet-based application designed to promote cognitive and physical activity.
Methods
We conducted a methodical triangulation by combining semistructured interviews with people with dementia and external overt participant observation while testing a tablet-based application. A qualitative content analysis, as outlined by Kuckartz, was used to analyze the data.
Results
Participants demonstrated varying levels of ability and prior experience with technology. While most were initially hesitant to use the tablet independently, they were more willing to try it after receiving encouragement. Some individuals required more assistance than others, indicating the need for individualized adjustments. Personal relevance to the content appeared to be crucial for cognitive tasks, as it helped to minimize overload for people with dementia. The participants appreciated social interaction with researchers and direct communication. Therefore, it is important to consider the role of personal support when developing and implementing technology.
Conclusions
The successful implementation and use of technology requires acceptance and an effective interaction between people with dementia, technology, and caregivers or caring relatives providing personal support. The acceptance of the application was found to be less influenced by the types and presentation of tasks and more by content relevance and social interaction. Ideally, one-on-one support will be provided during use, though this requires additional time and financial resources, which are often limited in caregiving settings.
... The data were coded in a manner that ensured that no smallest word from the field was lost based on Kuckartz and Strauss' coding paradigm. Initially, the data were segmented into open codes, followed by categorisation and thematic analysis, thus completing axial and selective coding (Strauss, 1987;Kuckartz, 2014). Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA 24.3.0, a software tool for qualitative data analysis. ...
Background: To become a community pharmacist in Türkiye, it is necessary to gain experience as an assistant pharmacist in a community pharmacy for a minimum of one year after graduation. This study aimed to explore the experiences of recently graduated pharmacists who have experienced assistant pharmacy practice (APP), a one-year training alongside community pharmacists in Türkiye, focusing on various aspects of this practice, particularly professional identity formation (PIF). Methods: A qualitative approach was used to achieve this objective. A case study design using in-depth interviews allowed participants to describe their lived and perceived experiences in their own words. Results: Twenty pharmacists (15 females and 5 males) were interviewed. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) contributions of assistant pharmacy practice to PIF, (2) challenges of this practice, (3) stages of PIF during this practice, and (4) pharmacists' perceptions of their roles at the conclusion of the PIF process. Conclusion: Considering the stages in question and the difficulties encountered in the practice, as acknowledged by the relevant authorities, it is anticipated that PIF during the APP period could be facilitated, and pharmacists' perspectives on the practice could change.
... To answer Research Question 2, we conducted thematic analysis of interview data following Kuckartz's (2014) guidelines using NVivo 12 to understand students' perceptions of the interplay between their projected ideal selves and emotions while studying through EMI. Transcripts were first read carefully to code passages into main categories of 'ideal L2 self', 'ideal disciplinary self', and 'emotional experiences'. ...
English-medium instruction (EMI) in higher education evokes a range of emotions in students due to its mix of benefits and challenges for learning and future career development. This study explores the relationship between emotions of hope, enjoyment, and pride and EMI motivation, operationalized as ideal L2 self, and ideal disciplinary self. A longitudinal mixed-methods design guided the collection of questionnaire (N T1 = 746; N T2 = 405) and interview (N = 13) data at an EMI university in China. Results from cross-lagged panel analysis of questionnaire data identified a bidirectional, asymmetrical emotion-motivation nexus, where ideal L2 self predicted emotions of hope, enjoyment, and pride, and these emotions in turn predicted ideal disciplinary self. Interview findings revealed a contextualized emotion-motivation nexus, which was reflective of an L2 self-image underpinned by English as a lingua franca ideology. Additionally, positive and negative emotions were inseparable in co-shaping students' ideal disciplinary self. Pedagogical implications are offered. Educational relevance and implications: University programs that use English as a medium of instruction have grown in lockstep with internationalization trends in higher education globally. Previous research suggests that students whose first language is not English experience tremendous learning difficulties and strong emotional turbulence in EMI programs. Drawing on a longitudinal mixed-methods design, this study unpacks the complex relationship between different types of motivation and emotional experiences of students in EMI university contexts. The results offer important pedagogical suggestions for educational policymaking, curriculum design, and teaching in EMI higher education worldwide to foster students' self-motivated learning and well-being.
... The interviews were transcribed and all personal information pseudonymized. The transcripts were coded for qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz 2014) using MAXQDA software with a mix of codes derived inductively and deductively. As recommended by Kuckartz, significant deviations between encodings of identical interviews were extensively discussed until a consensual set of main categories could be agreed upon by all members of the research team. ...
... All 1232 turns were coded by two coders. Two coders first coded the transcripts independently and afterwards discussed differences in coding until agreement about a joint decision concerning the coding was reached, following the method of consensually coding suggested by Kuckartz (2014). ...
Although curriculum materials are essential for implementing instructional innovations, little is known about how exactly they support teachers’ enactment of innovative approaches and how explicitly they must integrate their key components. The paper contributes to reducing this research gap for one instructional innovation: explicit strategy instruction for word problem comprehension strategies. In our qualitative video study, teachers participated in a professional development on explicit strategy instruction and experimented with it in their classrooms. We compared the teachers’ enactment of strategy instruction in two implementation conditions: in the strong material support condition, teachers received curriculum materials in which components of strategy instruction were explicitly integrated. In the weak material support condition, the curriculum materials only provided the sequence of word problems, but the teachers had to implement explicit strategy instruction themselves. In the qualitative analysis of four cases of teachers’ videorecorded enactment, we unpacked how one teacher with weak support provided only limited learning opportunities by non-targeted enactment, with limited measurable student strategic learning gains. However, in the same condition, another teacher provided productive learning opportunities by explicit and targeted strategy instruction in spite of weak material support. In the strong material support condition, learning opportunities were assured even in a case of partially non-targeted enactment (yet high measurable student strategic learning gains). The findings bear consequences for combining curriculum materials with strong support and professional development.
... Initially, a predetermined list of codes was generated, and their segments were compiled into three categories: Category 1. "Factors Associated with Representations and Attitudes"; Category 2. "Limitations or Obstacles in Curricular or Formative Inclusion of Affectional-Sexual and Gender Diversity"; Category 3. "Benefits of Curricular or Formative Inclusion of Affectional-Sexual and Gender Diversity" (Figure 2). This process adhered to the overarching procedural phases outlined by Kuckartz (2014): delimitation of research purpose, definition of attributes of evaluated data (codes), data coding, method determination (deductive), assignment and description of pertinent defining dimensions (categories), and analysis and interpretation of results. The presentation of the deductive coding and categorization process is substantiated by qualitative evidence, exemplifying 1 to 3 textual segments per most recurrent code. ...
Introduction
The aim of this present work is to systematically compile, map, and review the scientific literature concerning education on affective-sexual and gender diversity, produced within the Spanish geographical context over the past decade (2013–2023). To this end, this systematic review offers an unprecedented and updated synthesis of the most prominent challenges and areas for improvement in Spain, for the purpose of identifying existing research gaps, as well as curricular and training needs in this transdisciplinary field.
Methods
To achieve this objective, the PRISMA guidelines are applied in the extraction and selection of indexed materials from two of the principal internationally renowned databases, namely the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. The analysis was facilitated through the use of bibliographic management software, as well as quantitative and qualitative data analysis tools.
Results
The findings obtained address the research question pertaining to the factors influencing the construction of attitudes and representations concerning this type of diversity within formal educational settings. Furthermore, the benefits, limitations, and obstacles surrounding its curricular integration are examined. Various socio-demographic variables of both students and educators, such as age, gender, religious beliefs, teaching experience, personal and social experiences, school-driven initiatives, and the persistence of hegemonic gender representations emerge as explanatory factors linked to these attitudes and representations. Similarly, the visibility of diverse identities, social inclusion, and plurality are associated with the necessity for education geared toward democratic citizenship. The sensitivity of the content and its curricular invisibility, along with training deficiencies, lack of academic recognition, and the absence of specific protocols for preventing LGBTIQphobia are identified as the most prominent limitations or hurdles for the comprehensive promotion of education pertaining to affective-sexual and gender diversity across distinct educational stages.
Discussion
Instances of discrimination, harassment, and both physical and symbolic violence against non-heteronormative groups, grounded in the sex-gender system and cis-heteronormativity, continue to be recognized by educators. In this vein, scientific literature underscores the significance of education concerning affective-sexual and gender diversity as a means to eradicate stereotypes and negative attitudes toward LGBTIQ+ individuals, thereby striving toward genuine equity.
... To answer Research Question 1, students' responses in the pre-and post-intervention questionnaires were analyzed through repeated measures MANOVA in SPSS 27.0 to first explore the main effect of time on the collective use of SRL speaking strategy use, followed by univariate ANOVA tests to identify changes that occur for each strategy type. Qualitative interview data were analyzed using NVivo 11.0 to answer Research Question 2 through thematic analysis (Kuckartz, 2014). Primary categories of SRL strategies were informed top-down by Zimmerman and Moylan's (2009) three-phase model, while allowing sub-categories and themes to emerge inductively from the data. ...
Two decades of L2 self-regulated learning (SRL) research has focused heavily on reading and writing, leaving speaking an under-explored area. While speaking is an important yet difficult communicative skill to master that often generates high anxiety for English learners, EFL contexts seldom provide enough practice opportunities beyond the classroom. The study introduces an innovative pedagogy – digital oral dialogue journaling (DODJ) – and investigates its effectiveness in cultivating SRL speaking strategy use in a Hong Kong secondary school. A total of 95 recorded journal videos were created by a class of 19 students and uploaded to the digital platform Flipgrid over five weeks to receive dialogic feedback from the teacher on a weekly basis. Students’ speaking strategy use was conceptualized from a social cognitive SRL framework, and changes were measured using a pre- and post-intervention questionnaire as well as through two semi-structured interviews. Results of repeated measures MANOVA and ANOVA tests reveal significant increases in multiple cognitive and metacognitive strategies such as rehearsing, memorizing, and evaluating. Interview findings further show that certain DODJ design features facilitated the changes, including flexible topic selection and scheduling, unlimited video submission and review, and emoticon masking and dialogic teacher feedback. Pedagogical suggestions are offered on how to design effective DODJ practice to cultivate L2 learners to become strategic, self-regulated speakers.
... The recordings of the workshops were transcribed verbatim and anonymized. Two authors (A Mayer and A Müller) performed a thematic analysis of the transcripts, following the 6 steps for qualitative content analysis proposed by Kuckartz [39]. Using an inductive approach, they independently created codes for the first 2 workshops and reached a consensus on an initial coding framework. ...
Background
Concept maps are a suitable method for teaching clinical reasoning (CR). For example, in a concept map, findings, tests, differential diagnoses, and treatment options can be documented and connected to each other. When combined with virtual patients, automated feedback can be provided to the students’ concept maps. However, as CR is a nonlinear process, feedback concept maps that are created together by several individuals might address this issue and cover perspectives from different health professionals.
Objective
In this study, we aimed to develop a collaborative process for creating feedback concept maps in virtual patient–based CR education.
Methods
Health professionals of different specialties, nationalities, and levels of experience in education individually created concept maps and afterward reached a consensus on them in structured workshops. Then, medical students discussed the health professionals’ concept maps in focus groups. We performed a qualitative content analysis of the transcribed audio records and field notes and a descriptive comparison of the produced concept maps.
Results
A total of 14 health professionals participated in 4 workshops, each with 3‐4 participants. In each workshop, they reached a consensus on 1 concept map, after discussing content and presentation, as well as rationales, and next steps. Overall, the structure of the workshops was well-received. The comparison of the produced concept maps showed that they varied widely in their scope and content. Consensus concept maps tended to contain more nodes and connections than individual ones. A total of 9 medical students participated in 2 focus groups of 4 and 5 participants. Their opinions on the concept maps’ features varied widely, balancing between the wish for an in-depth explanation and the flexibility of CR.
Conclusions
Although the number of participating health professionals and students was relatively low, we were able to show that consensus workshops are a constructive method to create feedback concept maps that include different perspectives of health professionals with content that is useful to and accepted by students. Further research is needed to determine which features of feedback concept maps are most likely to improve learner outcomes and how to facilitate their construction in collaborative consensus workshops.
... Thirdly, we used material from ten semi-structured interviews that one of the co-authors, Vladimir Sazonov, conducted from 2020 to 2022 with internal security analysts, experts in the banking and financial system, law, police, anti-money laundering units and the Estonian Tax and Customs Board (Flick 2006). Interviews with experts were taken during COVID-19 and therefore mostly via different on-line platforms (Skype, Zoom, Teams) Qualitative content analysis was applied to analyse the empirical data (both interviews and media articles) by using a hidden pilot sample (Kuckartz 2014), 2 which helped to test how the analysis works and refine the methods chosen to process the data. ...
This article focuses on the case of Russian money laundering at the Estonian branch of Danske Bank, which is a landmark case from several perspectives. The case of Russian money laundering at Danske Bank shows the vulnerability of a country that is institutionally part of the global West, including membership in the EU and NATO, but is subject to multiple and often invisible influences from the global East, including the post-Soviet region. This case also demonstrates that no reputational damage is irreversible: despite the extremely negative publicity Estonia has received for its involvement in a money laundering story, the country is still considered financially safe, its banking system is sound, and its level of corruption is among the lowest in the EU. The article also examines the interrelationship of the concept of financial security in specific situations of crisis management of money laundering and the consequences of Russia’s war in Ukraine. These interconnections have become the subject of public attention and have led to the transformation of security discourses and practices that have as a common denominator a jointly coordinated policy of re-bordering in relations with Russia. The strengthening of various border mechanisms—not only territorial ones—is becoming a key component of Estonia’s security based on belonging to the Euro-Atlantic international community with its rules, norms and regulations.
... Transcripts were analysed using structuring content analysis (27) based on deductive and inductive coding. In a first step, categories were extracted from the interview guide. ...
Introduction
The web application gp-multitool.de is based on the German clinical practice guideline “multimorbidity” and supports mutual prioritisation of treatments by GPs (general practitioners) and patients. The application facilitates sending hyperlinks to standardized assessments by email, which can be completed by patients on any suitable digital device. GPs can document clinical decisions. The tool also supports a structured medication review. Aims of this study were to consider needs and wants of the target groups in implementing the “multimorbidity” clinical practice guideline in a digital tool, and to examine themes of discussions in order to identify which aspects were considered most important for customising a digital tool.
Materials and methods
We conducted six focus groups with 32 GPs and six focus groups with 33 patients. Eight groups were conducted alongside the programming of the web application and four after finishing a prototype. GPs were recruited by mail and asked to invite up to six eligible patients from their practice to participate. Focus groups were based on semi-structured interview guides and discussed assessments, functionalities, usability and reliability of gp-multitool.de. Discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.
Results
GPs wanted to avoid unnecessary and time-consuming functions and did not want to explore problems that they could not provide solutions for. For some assessments, GPs suggested simplifying scales or including residual categories. GPs and patients also addressed possible misunderstandings due to wording and discussed if some items might be too intimate or overtax patients intellectually. In most cases, participants confirmed usability, but they suggested changes in default settings and pointed out a few minor bugs that needed to be fixed. While some GPs considered data security an important topic, most patients were unconcerned with this issue and open to share their data.
Conclusion
Our study indicates that focus groups can be used to customize a digital tool according to the needs and wants of target groups and thus, improve content, functionality, usability, and reliability of digital tools. However, digital tools still need to be piloted and evaluated in everyday care. In our focus groups, study participants confirmed that gp-multitool.de can be a relevant approach for overcoming deficits in the information needed for mutual prioritisation of treatments by GPs and patients.
... This method involved taking comprehensive notes during the interviews to accurately capture the essence of the discussions. Transcribing interviews in written format, while challenging, ensured adherence to facility regulations and maintained the integrity and confidentiality of the information shared by the participants (Kuckartz, 2014). Post-interview, the notes were reviewed in collaboration with the respective project managers to validate and clarify the recorded information. ...
The increasing complexity of modern aircraft maintenance and strict safety regulations of the sector underscore an emerging trend of implementing project management practices in maintenance, repair, and operations facilities (Junqueira, 2020; Freitas, 2020). This case study examines a German aircraft maintenance facility employing hybrid project management methodologies. It reveals how the lack of communication between parallel-running projects, combined with inadequate sustained risk management, results in unoptimized resource allocation, unforeseen disruptions, and considerable delays, thereby hindering project success. This research employs a case study approach, utilizing qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews and a six-week observation period. Analyzed through thematic coding and compared against an established theoretical project management framework, the findings underscore the significant impact of insufficient inter-project communication and risk management. The study highlights the necessity for a project management office (PMO) to harmonize parallel project executions, enhance inter-project communication, and ensure continuous risk management. Providing unique insights into the operations of a German maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) facility, this research offers practical guidance for similar environments, contributing to the otherwise limited literature on project management in aircraft maintenance facilities.
... Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis dengan studi kepustakaan (library reseach) yang sangat bergantung pada data-data melalui literatur primer dan skunder. Dengan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini menekan pada aspek kekuatan narasi yang melibatkan analisis dan interpretasi teks untuk menemukan pola yang bermakna deskriptif dari suatu fenomena tertentu (Kuckartz, 2014). ...
This thesis concludes that the boundaries of tolerance in the Tafsir Tematik Moderasi Beragama Kementerian Agama RI are generally relative and tentative. The intensity of interpretation conducted by the Kementerian Agama RI is not static or monotonous; rather, it dynamically evolves in line with the changes of the times. This conclusion is based on the findings that the boundaries of tolerance in the Tafsir Tematik Moderasi Beragama by Kementerian Agama RI emphasize the preservation of Islamic aqidâh as a rahmatan lil âlamin. In ibâdah, tolerance includes the freedom to practice rituals according to each individual’s religion, but it does not permit the mixing of rituals from different religions. Lastly, in muâmalah, tolerance involves an attitude of mutual respect and appreciation for moral values while still adhering to the principles of religious morals. This thesis aligns with the views of Anis Malik Thoha (2015), Abd. Moqsith Ghazali (2009), and Ulil Abshar Abdalla (2001) that tolerance is a behavior that creates a more peaceful and harmonious environment, where individuals from various religious backgrounds can live together with mutual respect and support. Despite these similarities, this thesis differs from the perspectives of Firanda Andirja (2021), Muhammad Rifqi Fachrian (2018), and Majelis Ulama Indonesia (2005), which assert that the boundaries of tolerance are determined by the beliefs of each individual. Islam teaches respect for adherents of other religions while maintaining these boundaries to avoid recognizing the truth of other religions. This thesis employs a qualitative method and is a literature review (library research) using the maudhû’i interpretation theory framework. This method is utilized to examine the boundaries of tolerance in the Tafsir Tematik Moderasi Beragama by the Kementerian Agama RI through a thematic interpretation approach with an inclusiveism perspective.
... Through a comparative analysis, we expect to be able to identify patterns across cases which allow for a "greater understanding of policy outcomes" (de Wee, 2022). We translated this approach into three simultaneously occurring elements (adapted from Kuckartz, 2014) that were crucial to the analytical phase. This includes: ...
... The purpose of selective coding is to inductively abstract the core conceptual processes that organically relate the main categories to other categories and concepts. This is achieved by further exploring the intrinsic relationships between the main categories (Kuckartz, 2014). In this study, the researchers delve deeper into the logical relationship between the main categories and subcategories. ...
The innovative use of digital technology to create resources for intangible cultural heritage crafts (ICHCs) has emerged as a new focus for preserving and transmitting ICHCs. However, not enough research has been done on the variables impacting how ICHCs behave when they are exploited for digital cultural creativity. In order to synthesized and refined the key factors influencing the digital cultural and creative development of intangible heritage crafts. A theoretical model for the digital development of intangible heritage crafts was constructed, and the structural relationships among the factors within the model were analyzed. This study collects relevant textual data from the official websites of China’s main provinces’ ICH (Intangible Cultural Heritage) and large databases between 2016 and 2022. It also develops a theoretical model using grounded theory. The findings indicate that the five primary categories of innovation and inheritance needs, management and maintenance capacity, creative development type, creative application strategy, and creative development benefits have a significant impact. Among these, the ICHC’s digital innovation and development behaviors are a result of their need for innovation, development, and inheritance. The development of digital innovation is contingent upon possessing management and maintenance capacity, which includes technical expertise, digital platform construction, Education and Training support, Community collaboration support and digital governance capability. There are three development modes for digital innovation and ICHC’s development: primary, secondary, and fusion. It utilizes the Focused Crafts Ontology approach, the Branded IP Benefits strategy, and the Focus on Product Innovation approach. The practice of digital innovation and the growth of ICHCs have led to the creation of new opportunities and the benefits of creative development, which are evident in economic, social, and endogenous development. A precise theoretical foundation for systematically examining the digital creative growth of ICHC can be obtained from the research presented in this paper. Establish a digital cultural creation resource that the global community can utilize to revive Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) and preserve traditional crafts.
... When making a summary based on the three established principles (Hayashiguchi et al., 2018;Kang, Kim, & Yoon, 2012;. Through the software theme definition, several keywords with similar meanings are summarized into one vocabulary (Eichstaedt et al., 2021;Zhang, Zhang, Yu, & Zhao, 2015;Kuckartz, 2014) and used as the competency elements of higher education music teachers. For example, "fundamentals of music, music pedagogy, and music theory knowledge" are unified and summarized into "Specialized Knowledge in Music Discipline." ...
The teaching competency of university music teachers (UMT) is a critical factor in the professional development of higher education music teachers (HEMT) and significantly impacts lifelong learning and effective music instruction for HEMT. This article aims to analyse and explore the essential teaching competencies that future UMTs should possess. The study employs three techniques: literature review, policy document analysis, and teacher interviews. Based on a competency model, we analysed 254 articles related to UMT teaching competency from 2019 to 2024. Additionally, we summarized and organized 57 policies on UMT teaching competency in China spanning 2012 to 2023. Qualitative research involved interviewing 20 music teachers from various universities in Guangxi, China. Through triangulation, we synthesized an element system of teacher competency, ensuring the rigor and validity of our research. Our findings suggest that research in this area began relatively late in China. According to the surveyed music teachers, future university music teachers' competencies should encompass six key aspects, providing valuable guidance for both UMT training and student teachers.
... Patton, 2019). For the analysis of the qualitative data we applied the content-related structured type of qualitative text analysis (Kuckartz, 2014) relying on deductive categories derived from the dimension and attributes displayed in table 1. Thus, the workshop minutes and field notes were used for analysing those dimensions and attributes, which were not included in the survey. ...
Promoting insects in agricultural landscapes is a key challenge, due to their crucial role in food webs, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. To balance between ecological needs for action in order to stop biodiversity loss and practitioner needs, we combine a landscape lab approach with co-design processes in three different agricultural landscapes across Germany. The FInAL project aims at a long-term agroecological transformation of agricultural landscapes under real-world settings. Because the conceptual-methodological bases of co-design processes and the reflection of their outcomes are often lacking in empirical publications, we seek to address this research gap by exploring the following questions: 1) How should co-design processes be conceptualized and conducted to support the agroecological transformation in landscape labs? 2) What are the practical outcomes (tools, artefacts, measures, etc.) and the social outcomes as result of the individual and participatory reflection of the co-design processes and the cooperation within the project? Our framework for co-design processes combines and extends key elements from the theoretical and conceptual literature in this field. The empirical data for the process reflection consists of survey data, workshop minutes, field notes, and interpretations of results by the co-design core team. The innovative concept for the co-design processes applies the following key characteristics: process orientation, practitioners as co-designer, joint problem-framing and solution-orientation, design-orientation, and contribution to social empowerment. Furthermore, we developed integrative and transdisciplinary co-design processes with iterative feedback-loops, which encompass an analysis of actors’ perceptions of biodiversity issues as well as a sequence of co-design workshops, field trips, and planning dialogues. The sequence of the participatory formats consisted of different elements: 1) jointly discussing goals and transformation pathways, the suitability and practicability of common insect-friendly measures; 2) promoting farmers’ ideas and co-designing measures; 3) participatory mapping of planned measures at the landscape scale; and 4) reflecting the implemented measures and the transdisciplinary process itself. The first results of the participatory reflection include: participating farmers state that they are generally satisfied with the adaptable co-design process but they perceive that collaboration at landscape level has barely increased. For strengthening collaboration and empowering actors it is crucial to 1) build upon established science-practice networks; 2) involve landscape coordinators as regional intermediaries and permanent contact persons for all activities in the landscapes; 3) promote active and continuous involvement and co-experimentation at the landscape level that leads to mutual trust and co-learning; and 4) provide financial compensation as an incentive.
... In addition, text analysis, as a qualitative research method, has the advantages of being in-depth, interpretive and illuminating. It can explore the reasons and motives behind the text, helps to understand the deeper meaning of language, and stimulates new perspectives of thinking [28]. ...
The advent of the digital age and the subsequent rise of the Internet have greatly impacted the relationship between online opinion and user discourse in the early evolution of traditional media. However, it has introduced new challenges, namely the emergence of social bots that generate and disseminate information that aims to influence public opinion. Thus, the paper attempts to decipher whether online public opinion, user discourse, and the positions of social robots in the production and dissemination of information will reinforce or change each other. Through the adoption of questionnaire survey method, 414 Internet users who understand and have contacted the human-computer account on Douyin platform as the survey object, online questionnaire survey, it screens out 414 effective questionnaires for data analysis. Besides, the samples are analyzed for reliability, correlation, exploratory factor analysis (validity analysis), linear regression analysis (mediated effects analysis), and analysis of variance using the SPSS (Statistical Product Service Solutions) tool, and the data are obtained. At the same time, combined with text analysis in qualitative research, semiotic analysis is mainly used to analyze how sample data conveys the relationship between online public opinion, user discourse, and social robots. On this basis, the results indicate that all five hypotheses presented in the paper are verified, and two new relationships are explored.
... The following analysis of filmic cyborgs will thus focus on identifying and investigating the imagery, characters and characterization, narration, and external sociocultural influences present in the material selected for the analysis, as I deem them to be the most fruitful avenues to examine cyborg subjects in this medium, while guided by the procedure advanced by Lothar. While other potential methodologies have been considered (Kuckartz, 2014), in order to analyze and understand cyborg subjects I judge this analytical approach to be particularly beneficial. The material I selected for analysis will thus be engaged with in such a manner that the themes and narratives inhabiting and shaping the content in question, as well as the society that produces and receives it, could be easily identified, extracted, and contemplated. ...
As our world rapidly becomes more technologized, and as humans do too, the fictional subject of the cyborg does not seem so fictional anymore, leading to new cyborg subjectivities being created. To explore what being a cyborg can tell us about our own humanness, in this thesis I analyze cyborg characters in science fiction film and TV and investigate their posthuman embodiment, focusing on the negotiation of humanness through the physical and social categories of dis/ability, gender, and (non-)humanity. Of the many filmic representations of cyborgs present in science fiction, I have chosen to analyze those of Blade Runner, Iron Man, Iron Man 2, Ghost in the Shell, Alita: Battle Angel, Teen Titans, The Orbital Children, and Love, Death & Robots. To answer the question of how humanness is negotiated through different cyborg embodiments, I will use theoretical texts and notions encompassing contemporary and complex discussions of embodiment, particularly from the fields of Feminist Disability Studies, Crip Theory, Transhumanism, and Feminist Posthumanism. By investigating these different embodiments of cyborgs in science fiction, ranging from the internal and external tensions of disabled existence, the gendered, sexualized, and violent oppression of female bodies, as well as the hierarchical othering, separation, and dehumanization of beings seen as non-human, I aim to challenge simplistic understandings of humanness and encourage an understanding of embodiment that is fluid, hybrid, and part of a negotiable continuum of embodied and embedded relational entities.
... The empirical data was analysed using qualitative content analysis in MAXQDA (Kuckartz, 2014) with a focus on supporting and counter-narratives including elements of symbolic value. Two separate rounds of analysis were carried out starting with an inductive followed by a deductive approach of narrative analysis (Gadinger et al., 2014) to observe different patterns and uncover underlying influences on embeddedness in line with the conceptual framework ( Figure 1). ...
Large-scale industrial settlements, such as the establishment of multinational enterprise (MNE) subsidiaries, are megaprojects that face additional challenges when embedding the subsidiary in the region. Part of these challenges may be due to contrasting symbolic values of the industrial project, which can facilitate or hinder embeddedness. This study considers the relevance of symbolic value for the embeddedness of an industrial megaproject through the case of Tesla’s Gigafactory Berlin-Brandenburg. Based on 23 interviews, we examine differences in the symbolic representation of the project among stakeholder groups and show that symbolic value can have supportive or divisive effects on the settlement process and embeddedness.
... The analysis takes a descriptive perspective in line with the explorative character of this study. The qualitative questions were analysed by means of a qualitative content analysis [54]. ...
Being considered a driver of economic growth as well as social participation and inclusion, skill development and vocational education and training (VET) policies constitute possible solutions to present challenges and ongoing problems. Therefore, VET has been the distinct subject of attempts toward development and improvement over time. For more than two decades, VET reforms have been a specific focus of Indian educational governance. However, in the subcontinent, reform initiatives have only partially succeeded in terms of their successful and sustainable implementation. This paper investigates promoting and inhibiting factors for vocational education and training policy implementation in Indian skill ecosystems. Taking the example of bottom-up policy implementation in the form of the Mahatma Gandhi National Fellowship (MGNF) programme, factors that affect the VET policy initiative are identified, based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Through a comprehensive questionnaire administered to a sample of 63 graduates of the programme, their perceptions on key implementation challenges regarding the local policy context, stakeholder cooperation, and institutional as well as implementer capacity were identified. The findings point to areas of further focus for policymakers for the effective implementation of VET initiatives while at the same time adding theoretical contributions to understanding and evaluating VET initiatives.
... We began with the analysis of the speech by the first speaker (usually the party member with the highest standing within the parliamentary group) and continued to analyze speeches by other party members until we reached the point of "theoretical saturation". 7 We conducted a qualitative content analysis of each speech (Kuckartz, 2014). In the first step, we developed a system of categories of interpretation that helped us sort and systematize the raw data. ...
Systematic cross-national analyses of political debates on the admission of refugees and asylum seekers require a theoretically coherent and empirically comprehensive typology of frames and arguments used. The paper proposes such a typology of frames and arguments used by governments, opposition parties and social movements in public debates on the admission of refugees. We argue that the collective identity and characteristics of the receiving country on the one hand and refugees’ characteristics on the other constitute the key dimensions to which frames in political discourse about the admission of refugees refer. We distinguish between six different frames – economic, cultural, moral, legal, security-related and international – of how the “we” and the “others” can be interpreted. Furthermore, we specify typical arguments associated with the respective frames for or against the admission of refugees. Given that the typology was developed based on a discourse analysis of a very diverse set of countries, including some of the so-called “Global South”, we claim that it can be used to analyze political debates on the admission of refugees in other countries as well and can thus contribute to an accumulation of knowledge.
... All interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim [24] and then pseudonymised and anonymised post-analysis. Transcripts underwent qualitative thematic content analysis [25] using MAXQDA 2022. Firstly, two researchers (RT, NN) independently applied categories derived from research questions and interview guides, refining them inductively with subcodes. ...
Background
Older people with joint contractures in nursing homes often experience severe restrictions in their activities and participation. The effectiveness of an individually tailored complex intervention to improve residents’ activities and participation by incorporating the biopsychosocial perspective into nursing care using a structured facilitator approach could not be established in the JointConEval cluster-randomised controlled trial. This process evaluation aimed to systematically identify factors influencing implementation and effectiveness.
Methods
The mixed-methods process evaluation analysed recruitment, implementation, mechanisms of impact, and context. Qualitative data was generated in semi-structured focus groups and in individual interviews with facilitators, nursing and social care staff, residents, relatives and guardians. Quantitative data was recorded with facilitators and 20% of nursing and social care staff using standardised documentation forms and questionnaires. Qualitative data was analysed using qualitative thematic content analysis, while the quantitative data was analysed descriptively. An interpretation was performed by combining and comparing the qualitative and quantitative results after the separate analyses.
Results
The implementation was realised as planned, but the intervention did not always reach the nursing home staff, which hindered the planned change in attitude and behaviour. The attitude of the facilitators was mainly in line with the intervention. However, the intervention reached only half the residents. We identified various key influencing factors related to the context, setting and implementation agents. Nursing homes lacking facilitator support from staff or management or experiencing staff shortages and facing organisational weaknesses had difficulties in achieving the desired behavioural changes and positive primary outcomes.
Conclusions
The complex intervention was delivered as planned with several factors affecting the implementation. A key influencing factor was the organisational structure and leadership of the nursing homes, which had an impact on the behaviour and motivation of the implementation agents. The findings highlight challenges in achieving behavioural changes among nursing staff in the context of long-term care in Germany. We recommend a systematic organisational context analysis for similar complex interventions in long-term care, involving stakeholders and improving leadership participation for more effective implementation.
Trial registration
DRKS (German Clinical Trials Register), number DRKS00015185. Registered on 1 August 2018, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00015185. Universal Trial Number U1111-1218–1555.
... Subsequently, a rapid thematic qualitative analysis was conducted using Atlas.ti 22 software [13]. To ensure methodological rigor and comprehensiveness, a subset of the interview transcripts was independently coded by two proficient coders (MB and JPA). ...
Background
The effective attainment of sexual, reproductive, and maternal health and rights (SRMHR) requires a holistic life-course approach. This approach should address disparities in healthcare access and rights, guarantee the delivery of high-quality care devoid of discrimination, and underscore rigorous accountability mechanisms throughout the implementation process. Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries face significant disparities in SRMHR within and between nations. Vulnerable populations, such as indigenous communities, Afro-descendants, LGBTQI + population, persons with disabilities, older adults, and migrants, often endure discrimination and stigmatization, severely impacting their access to healthcare and health rights. This paper presents the findings from the qualitative component of a broader mixed-methods scoping study aimed at establishing a priority research agenda to address healthcare gaps affecting the SRMHR of vulnerable populations. The qualitative component focused on identifying key challenges hindering progress in SRMHR and access to health services for these populations in the LAC region, drawing on the perspectives of key informants at both regional and national levels.
Methods
Qualitative research approach employing semi-structured interviews with key informants. A purposive sample comprised of stakeholders from relevant regional organizations and local stakeholders in selected countries (Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Mexico, Guatemala, Jamaica, and Guyana), encompassing government representatives, civil organizations, and academia. A rapid content thematic analysis was conducted to analyze the data obtained from the interviews.
Results
We interviewed 27 key informants in SRMHR, six at a regional level and 21 at a country level. The region faces barriers around establishing and sustaining agency agendas, such as a lack of political will, political instability, and opposition from civil society groups regarding SRMHR agendas. Policy implementation presents difficulties due to insufficient and unstable funding, weaknesses in sexual and reproductive health programs, unequal policy implementation in federal countries, and the absence of evidence-based policies. The lack of high-quality data and quality indicators poses obstacles, leading to limitations in evidence generation. Access to SRMHR services faces barriers such as the low-quality provision of services, discrepancies between legislation and effective access, insufficient healthcare resources, and resistance from certain healthcare providers.
Conclusion
Addressing these multifaceted challenges will be crucial in advancing the agenda of sexual, reproductive, and maternal health rights and ensuring effective access to health services for the most vulnerable populations in the LAC region.
... Kategorilerle çalışmak, verileri adlandırmaktan, tanımlamaktan, açıklamaya, sistemleştirmeye, organize etmeye ve özetlemeye kadar çok sayıda işlevi yerine getirir. Dolayısıyla, kategoriler, içeriğin yapılandırılmasında, türlerin üretilmesinde ve ifadelerin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılır (Kuckartz, 2014). Kategoriler genellikle kısa bir kelimeden veya birkaç kelime topluluğundan oluşur (Udo Kuckartz ve Rädiker, 2019a: 66). ...
İklim değişikliğinin ve küresel ısınmanın en büyük sebeplerinden biri doğaya salınan karbon emisyonudur. Karbon emisyonunun azaltılabilmesindeki yöntemlerden biri de elektrikli araç kullanımının yaygınlaşmasını sağlayabilmektir. Elektrikli araçların benimsenmesini artırabilmek için, araçlara yönelik kamu algısını anlamak önemlidir. Günümüzdeki en önemli veri kaynaklarından biri olan sosyal medya şirketlerin stratejik yol haritasını belirlemede ve tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarını etkilemede büyük rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışma Türkiye’nin ilk elektrikli ve akıllı aracı olarak üretilen TOGG markasının sosyal medya platformlarından olan YouTube üzerindeki tüketici algısını ölçmeye yönelik yapılmıştır. 14 Mart 2023 tarihinde yayınlanan TOGG aracının ilk ön sipariş tanıtım videosuna yapılan yorumlar içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir. İçerik analizi MAXQDA programı ile yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, yorumlarda pozitif ifadelerin çoğunlukta olduğu ve Türkiye'nin ilk elektrikli ve akıllı aracı olması nedeniyle gurur verici bulunduğu en belirgin sonuçlar arasında yer almaktadır. Buna ilaveten, yorumlarda alım gücü yetersizliği ve fiyatın yüksek bulunmasına ilişkin ifadeler yer aldığı kadar, TOGG'un diğer araçlarla kıyaslandığında fiyatının uygun bulunmasına yönelik yorumlar da yer almaktadır. TOGG aracının ön sipariş tanıtım filminin tüketici gözünden imajı ve değerlendirilmesi, araçla ilgili beklentilere cevap verebilmesi ve gelecekteki ürün ile ilgili gelişmelere zemin hazırlaması açısından oldukça önemlidir.
... In the present study, we combined both methods to reflect the data's comprehensiveness as in thematic analysis and to allow a quantification as in content analysis, including the examination of intercoder agreement. For the code system, we relied on deductive and inductive categorization (Kuckartz, 2014). Regarding deductive categorization, based on the trust model proposed by Hoy and Tschannen-Moran (Hoy & Tschannen-Moran, 1999;Tschannen-Moran & Hoy, 1998, 2000, the following facets of trustworthiness were expected: (1) benevolence, (2) openness, (3) reliability, (4) honesty, and (5) competence. ...
Past research has shown that trust between parents and educators is crucial for establishing effective relationships. However, for migrant parents, limited knowledge of the educational system of the host country and different expectations, as well as potential language barriers, may impact the perception of trust. Therefore, the present qualitative study examined the perceptions of trust among Arab migrant parents and educators in Germany, focusing on their definitions of trust and the perceived signs of trustworthiness and its absence. We conducted 21 interviews with Arab parents and 23 interviews with educators, which were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. Both parents and educators provided elaborate definitions of trust, with parents strongly focusing on their child's well-being, whereas educators highlighted openness, reliability, and benevolence toward parents. We found little overlap between the themes raised by parents and educators regarding signs of perceived trustworthiness or the lack of perceived trustworthiness. Also, a partial mismatch between parents’ and educators’ perceptions was shown. Implications for improving communication and training for educators, as well as the advancement of trust theory, are discussed to foster trustful relationships that enhance children's developmental outcomes.
Introduction
Becoming a parent presents profound changes and numerous challenges, notably the necessity for reliable information regarding their child’s health. Given the overabundance of information available today, it is important for parents to acquire the skills necessary to find, understand, evaluate and apply health information. Research demonstrates that this ability, known as parental health literacy (PHL), is crucial for developing and maintaining a healthy lifestyle during childhood. However, there is currently no reliable instrument for measuring PHL in the field of prevention and health promotion. This paper presents the development and validation of a new questionnaire designed to assess parents’ ability to process health-related information to support the healthy development of their children aged 3–6 years.
Methods and analysis
The development of the item pool is based on Sørensen et al ’s conceptualisation of general health literacy (finding, understanding, evaluating and applying health information). Empirical findings suggest that communication with healthcare providers and the social network represents another important skill area for parents and is therefore included as an additional subscale. The questionnaire will be developed in four stages, including a literature search and analysis, expert consultations via Delphi study, cognitive interviews with parents and a validation study. The validation study uses exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for construct validity, first identifying test dimensions through EFA, then confirming these dimensions with CFA to ensure the factor structure aligns with theoretical expectations. This methodology, alongside reliability and correlational analyses, seeks to assess the questionnaire’s validity and reliability, expecting strong correlations with existing related constructs.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Fulda University of Applied Sciences. All participants receive a consent form together with the study information, in which they give their written consent to the storage, processing and linking of all data collected. The results of the study will be presented at national and international conferences and published in specialist journals.
Trial registration number
DRKS00033482.
Background
The aspiration to use evidence to enhance the legitimacy and effectiveness of policies is widely shared but often falls short. A common explanation for failure is the presence of barriers to utilising evidence or the inadequacies of the evidence available to policy makers.
Aims and objectives
The article examines how and why evidence-based policies sometimes fail to enhance policy performance, through a comparative analysis of evidence-based management in Danish public school and active labour market policies after 2000. The two cases are characterised by similar policy performance problems but vary in terms of evidence-based management styles and responses from public service professionals.
Methods
The article relies on document analysis and expert interviews with civil servants and key stakeholders to explain how and why evidence-based policies fail to improve policy performance in the two cases.
Findings
We find that evidence-based policy making did not resolve performance problems in either case, though for different reasons. In public school policy, conflict over the 2014 Public School Reform impacted negatively on its implementation despite efforts to incorporate evidence in its design. In active labour market policy, evidence-based policies were imposed on job centres and institutionalised in key performance indicators, but over time critique of processual requirements and indignified casework accumulated and contributed towards a political decision to reform job centres.
Discussion and conclusion
We advocate for setting realistic expectations about the potential of evidence in resolving policy performance problems and caution against overstating the ‘dream’ of evidence-based policy making.
For about a decade, Amazon's Alexa was a pioneer in automatic speech processing ; now, however, new Large Language Models (LLMs) are posing challenges for Amazon. One attempt to confront these challenges is by integrating technologies developed for Alexa by university research teams in the Alexa Prize Competitions (APCs). This chapter examines how participants in these contests deal with the conditions set and the resources provided by Amazon for the competition, and offers a snapshot of the practical development processes of the voice assistant at a time of technological transition. It then outlines some of the path dependencies, risks, benefits, and aspects of structuration that are encountered by the participants in their attempts to innovate Alexa.
Rationale
To meet concerns about ethical and unethical behavior in their work environments and workplaces, organizations began establishing ethics programs that contain ethics committees (ECs). There is now a tradition and diverse use of ECs for ethical decision‐making in many different organizational settings. In addition, ECs have been subject to many publications in books and articles in the scientific literature. Yet, until now no comparative analysis has been published that brings together ECs' practices in different sectors.
Aims and Objectives
This article aims to bridge this knowledge gap and illustrate which main requirements for ECs' practices need to be addressed to help ECs meet their anticipated functions.
Method
To do so, this paper lays out a study based on an exploratory, qualitative design using focus groups and individual expert interviews that compare ECs' practices in the healthcare, banking, and scientific research sectors (as far as dual use of research is concerned).
Results
Based on the results of this study we were able to make a distinction between two main categories: moral authority and trustworthiness . We were also able to identify three sub‐categories: legitimation , mode , and outreach .
Conclusion
Based on the exploratory analysis in this study, we conclude that there are the following three distinct main requirements for the functionality of ECs: (1) a dialog between EC members and other stakeholders, (2) an approach that considers various possible modes (reactive, screening, moderating, and preventive) to enhance the quality of ECs’ decision‐making processes and (3) an outreach to all relevant EC stakeholders for the further validation of the main requirements found for ECs functionality.
This research investigates changes in peoples’ values and specifically of environmental attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building on a longitudinal quantitative design with three survey waves (n = 144, 34, 34) conducted in Lüneburg, Germany, we examined how experiencing the crisis related to the coronavirus may change major values and affect environmental awareness as well as attitudes toward climate change. In addition to a quantitative survey, qualitative interviews were conducted to gain in-depth insights. Over a 5-month period from May to October 2020, a slight shift in individual values was detected, with participants moving away from conservation values (tradition, security) and toward emancipative and postmaterial values (autonomy, self-expression), as well as an increase in a feeling of connectedness to others. Limitations of this study include a high participant dropout over the research period which increases the risk of bias. Yet, this research during times of crisis can aid our understanding of shifts in individual values.
We investigate how digital work platforms (DWPs) such as Upwork and Fiverr are pivotal for small and micro enterprises (SAMEs) in tackling their resource and capability constraints, also called liability of smallness. By conducting qualitative interviews with executives from SAMEs in Austria and Germany, we reveal that these enterprises leverage such platforms primarily for resource access and cost optimization. DWPs lower the entry barrier to outsourcing by acting as a trust-building catalyst and by reducing the invisible work associated with outsourcing. With outsourcing more readily available, SAMEs can build strategic flexibility to better scale their business activities and more readily seize business opportunities. With this research, we contribute to the discourse on digital entrepreneurship, outsourcing, and small business management, underscoring the role of digital platforms in enhancing the competitiveness and survival of SAMEs. Our findings also allow for best practice recommendations to help SAMEs overcome the hurdles associated with outsourcing engagements.
The paradigm of design must drastically change to promote sustainable social development that considers not only economic growth but also human well‐being and environmental sustainability. Some scholars argue that the central paradigm of design should focus more on the societal perspective. This article refers to such a socially oriented design approach as design for social innovation (DfSI). Our study identified key insights for designing and promoting a DfSI education programme by investigating and analysing a Japanese pilot case, the Design School at National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST‐DS). Based on an analysis of in‐depth interviews that we conducted with the AIST‐DS programme managers and learners, we clarified the effectiveness and challenges of the programme. Furthermore, this article presents relevant design considerations for better planning and promotion of the DfSI education programme. Our case study findings are derived from a deep and detailed analysis, with practical implications for educators and researchers. Simultaneously, from an academic perspective, we hope that these findings will constitute a foothold for accumulating knowledge on DfSI education in the future.
Una de las competencias trasversales definidas por las universidades es la comunicación efectiva bajo la que subyacen capacidades como la síntesis, el relacionar conceptos, integrarlos y trasmitirlos. Sin embargo, es frecuente detectar carencias en estudiantes de educación superior en la comprensión lectora y en la expresión escrita. Para paliar este problema, este trabajo estudia la efectividad del uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en el desarrollo de capacidades de lecto-comprensión, integración y síntesis de textos académicos. Los resultados cualitativos del estudio reflejan impactos positivos en el aprendizaje tales como la eficiencia, la mejora de la comprensión lectora y la capacidad para la creatividad y la generación de ideas. El estudio cuantitativo sugiere que la intervención tuvo un impacto estadísticamente significativo en aspectos como la identificación de conceptos clave y comprensión. Estos resultados suponen un avance en la integración de los últimos avances tecnológicos en los sistemas educativos.
Digital technologies can be employed to personalise education and maximise students’ potential. This study examines the relationship between cognitive processes and the use of digital technologies in personalised design, with a focus on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy in educational strategies aimed at meeting students’ needs. No significant link is found between prior use of technology and application post-training of technology, suggesting that all teachers can benefitequally from training. It is found that there is widespread use of technology among teachers to produce teaching materials and to enhance basic cognitive processes in students, such as remembering and understanding. The findings suggest that more work needs to be done on the application of technology and artificial intelligence to support evaluation and creation processes in the classroom and further develop personalised pathways.
Since the 1980s, abortion has been “labeled a source of great and bitter political conflict” (Gusfield, 1981). After Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, the discourse surrounding it reached a point where the U.S. debated if a fetus should receive personhood (Zernike, 2024). Consequentially, the broadening of the rights of “unborn babies” (definition of the fetus according to the Louisiana Supreme Court cited in the NYT) limits those of pregnant women. This article aims to explore the working hypothesis that U.S. pro-life advocacy groups and media employed elements of a moral panic style in the period before the Supreme Court Dobbs hearing. The study analyzes the discourse of two right-wing advocacy agencies (Texas Right to Life and Texas Values) and one mainstream satellite media outlet (Fox News).
Background
With the growing role of social media influencers (SMIs) in providing health advice, concerns arise regarding the usefulness and reliability of online health information. This exploratory research focuses on health expert content creators (HECCs), who offer a unique perspective due to their combined medical knowledge and social media expertise.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews with HECCs to explore their views on SMI-driven health communication, their motivations for participating on social media, and the strategies they employ to counteract misleading health messages on the platforms. The study employed thematic qualitative text analysis to identify key themes and patterns.
Results
HECCs highlighted the complex role of SMIs in public health, acknowledging their potential to promote positive health behaviors while also noting the risks associated with the spread of inaccurate or oversimplified health messages. The findings emphasize the urgent need to broaden health communication research to address not only misinformation but also overgeneralized health messaging, which can be equally detrimental.
Conclusions
The findings underscore the importance of expanding health communication research to address both misinformation and overgeneralized health messaging. Practical recommendations are provided to mitigate the spread of misleading health information by SMIs, informed by the experiences and strategies of HECCs.
The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of pre-service elementary teachers regarding the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) in elementary science education. To do so, pre-service teachers enrolled at University A were recruited as research participants, and five pre-service elementary teachers (four females and one male) voluntarily participated in the study. The researcher and the participants conducted a semi-structured interview using Zoom, during which a question-and-answer session was held based on the interview protocol. The interview data were then transcribed and analyzed using a qualitative text analysis method to examine the pre-service teachers' perceptions of the educational use of GAI in science education. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the definitions and roles of elementary science education utilizing GAI, as perceived by the pre-service teachers, were categorized into four domains: science knowledge-teacher, science knowledge-student, material world-teacher, and material world-student. The educational roles of GAI in elementary science education were interpreted as supporting teaching methods, increasing student interest and motivation, and providing opportunities for students to experience scientific inquiry. Second, regarding their teaching and learning experiences using GAI, all research participants indicated that they had no prior experience of using GAI in elementary science lessons. Accordingly, the pre-service teachers emphasized the importance of gaining educational experience with GAI during their pre-service teacher training period. They specifically highlighted the need for education in the following areas: cognitive domain (understanding and applying GAI, evaluating and creating with GAI), affective domain (motivation, confidence, and self-efficacy in the educational use of GAI), and ethical domain (issues related to copyright, creative works, and data reliability). Looking ahead to the application of GAI-based science lessons in real classroom settings, the pre-service teachers anticipated that it would support the development of students’ AI competencies (cognitive, affective, and ethical domains) and subject matter competencies (cognitive and affective domains). However, they also recognized the need to pay close attention to ethical issues, such as the sources of information and copyright, drawing from their own personal experiences related to GAI usage.
The concept of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is presented as a framework that guides how to effectively integrate technologies in the educational environment. Through this model, we investigate the ethical implications related to the use of digital tools in teaching, and we outline the necessary knowledge that educators should have to address these issues of ethics and technology in the classroom. We assess the professional, ethical knowledge of pre-service teachers regarding their use of technologies using a descriptive and exploratory mixed-methods approach. The data for this research come from a Likert-scale questionnaire administered to 616 teacher-training students in Spain, as well as from personal interviews with 411 of them. From these data, we identify four of the eight dimensions of ethical knowledge: professional, ethical knowledge, ethics in the use of technologies, pedagogy for their integration in the classroom, and the use of content specific to the disciplines of pre-service teachers. The results obtained indicate that the preparation of educators with professional, ethical knowledge in training is insufficient, which highlights the need to address this issue in the post-pandemic context of the 21st century. Among the difficulties detected, it should be noted that this study is limited to a European university and a sample chosen for convenience, so it would be advisable to extend the study to other European universities.
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