Managing Intercultural Conflict Effectively
... (For studies of conflict resolution in the context of intercultural communication, see e.g. Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001.) 6. The students should then study the cultural characteristics of the characters, e.g. the eight-scale model in Erin Meyer's The Culture Map (2016), with emphasis on social constructions of power and power distance in different cultures (Meyer, 2016, Chapter 4). ...
... If one decides to do a role play thematising conflict resolution (the example given above), it may be helpful to provide the students with some reading material covering this topic beforehand (e.g. Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). ...
... Traditionally, the literature suggests that work groups with ethnic diversity can suffer from low productivity and less effective integration (STAHL et al., 2012), while creativity and satisfaction are more significant compared to homogenous teams (TING-TOOMEY;OETZEL, 2001). Leading these groups demands competencies and understandings congruent with diversity to facilitate the integration of the workers. ...
... Traditionally, the literature suggests that work groups with ethnic diversity can suffer from low productivity and less effective integration (STAHL et al., 2012), while creativity and satisfaction are more significant compared to homogenous teams (TING-TOOMEY;OETZEL, 2001). Leading these groups demands competencies and understandings congruent with diversity to facilitate the integration of the workers. ...
This study explores the discourses and communication practices of five leaders working in elderly care units in a mid-size city in Sweden and the construct of inclusion and exclusion by examining their daily communicative leadership practices with their work groups, consisting of Swedish-born and foreigner-born migrants. The results were drawn from an analysis of interviews with five leaders and the observation of eight meetings led by three of them. The findings indicate that leaders’ different strategies of inclusion are related to the engagement and participation of workers in discussions and decision-making. Some salient practices and discourses are pertinent to leaders’ cultural biases that can lead to ethnocentrism and essentialism, which might have a negative impact on inclusion. Leaders who practice inclusiveness through connecting, relating, and giving space for engagement and participation might better contribute to workplaces. The aspects and strategies of inclusion and exclusion are embedded in leaders’ practices and discourses and present them as bridge builders, empathetic and supportive, and culture enhancers. This study presents leaders' communication styles to include and exclude migrant workers and their strategies for engagement and participation in workplace issues. The leaders' communication styles emerged from the data and were defined as bridge builders, empathetic and supportive, and culture enhancers.
... TKI model does not explicitly account for cultural differences that can significantly influence conflict resolution styles. Different cultures may have distinct preferences and norms regarding conflict management, which means that the model may not be universally applicable or effective across diverse cultural contexts(Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). ...
The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model is a popular framework for analyzing and managing organizational conflicts. It identifies five conflict resolution approaches based on assertiveness and cooperation: competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, and accommodating. This study delves into the model's applications, emphasizing the value of flexibility, situational evaluation, training, and collaborative culture in conflict resolution. While the model provides useful insights, it has some shortcomings, including oversimplification, a lack of cultural considerations, and fixed assumptions. Effective application can lead to more productive, inventive, and harmonious organizations.
... How can a hospitality student solve a conflict triggered by a cultural blunder? Stella Ting-Toomey (2015) shows that solving conflicts depends on the type of communication and cultural traits different countries/nations have, connecting her findings to cross-cultural investigations like that of Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (2010). She exemplifies her statement with the differences between individualismbased societies that emphasize the importance of individual identity and rights over those of group identity, vs. collectivistic communities that put group obligations over individual needs. ...
Investigating the Necessity of Enhanced Intercultural Communication Skills for Tourism Students. Learners’ Perspective and Needs. The hospitality industry today is, by many accounts, the site of the most cosmopolitan interaction university graduates can possibly find themselves immersed in when it comes to their professional milieu. Preparing future tourism specialists to effectively communicate and mediate with industry stakeholders that come from various corners of the world, having a multitude of cultural, social and economic backgrounds, seems to be one of the most important tasks ESP (English for Specialized Purposes) tutors need to tackle. Encouraged by guidelines promoted by international institutions, language teachers are aware that they need to pay an undivided attention to the development of intercultural communication (ICC) and mediation skills, to fostering the awareness that the business world today is a pluricultural one. What has been less investigated is the perception students themselves have over their need to acquire such competencies and the best way teachers could help them achieve this. The purpose of this article is to investigate the students’ perspective by processing data collected from a quantitative survey using K means clustering. The results of the analysis support our assumption that for an optimal future professional development tourism students (are aware of the) need to have good ICC competences, although their specific types and the means to achieve this sometimes differs from what teachers usually consider emphasizing in the classroom. REZUMAT. Investigarea Necesității Dezvoltării Abilităților de Comunicare Interculturală pentru Studenții din Turism. Perspectiva și Nevoile Cursanților. Industria ospitalității este astăzi, conform multor păreri, locul unde absolvenții de universitate se pot găsi în probabil cel mai cosmopolitan mediu profesional. Pregătirea viitorilor specialiști în turism pentru comunicarea și medierea eficientă cu părțile interesate din domeniu care provin din colțuri diferite ale lumii, având la bază o multitudine de medii culturale, sociale și economice, pare a fi una din cele mai importante sarcini ale profesorilor de engleză de specialitate. Încurajați de ghiduri elaborate de instituții internaționale, profesorii de limbă străină sunt conștienți de necesitatea acordării unei atenții deosebite dezvoltării abilităților de comunicare și mediere interculturală, clădirii conștientizării că lumea profesională contemporană este una pluriculturală. Ceea ce s-a investigat mai puțin este percepția pe care o au studenții despre necesitatea achiziționării acestor abilități și modalitatea cea mai potrivită pe care profesorii să o folosească pentru a-i ajuta în acest sens. Scopul articolului de față este investigarea percepțiilor studenților prin procesarea rezultatelor unui chestionar cantitativ folosind algoritmul de grupare K means. Rezultatul analizei noastre susține presupunerea că pentru o viitoare dezvoltare optimă profesională, studenții din turism sunt conștienți că au nevoie de bune competențe de comunicare interculturală, deși tipurile lor specifice și mijloacele prin care acestea pot fi obținute diferă câteodată de ceea ce profesorii consideră necesar să sublinieze în clasă. Cuvinte-cheie: comunicare interculturală, medierea comunicării, stereotipuri, facilitarea spațiului pluricultural, abilități soft Article history: Received 17 February 2024; Revised 27 August 2024; Accepted 30 September 2024; Available online 10 December 2024; Available print 30 December 2024.
... Health meanings evolve through this spectrum, shaped by the daily interactions and decisions of cultural groups (Dutta, 2010;Iwelunmor et al., 2014). Culture sets the stage with a symphony of beliefs, values, and actions that reverberate within the boundaries of ethnicity, guiding the collective choreography of a society (Bhagat, 2002;Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). ...
... The TKI model does not explicitly account for cultural differences that can significantly influence conflict resolution styles. Different cultures may have distinct preferences and norms regarding conflict management, which means that the model may not be universally applicable or effective across diverse cultural contexts (Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). ...
Conflict in organizations is unavoidable because of differing opinions, aims, and interests. Effective dispute resolution is critical for preserving productivity, encouraging creativity, and providing a safe working environment. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model provides a framework for understanding and resolving organizational conflicts. This assignment investigates the Thomas-Kilmann model and offers conclusions for corporate conflict management, supported by relevant research. The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model: Main Theme of The Model: Kenneth Thomas and Ralph Kilmann established the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Resolution Model, which is a commonly used paradigm for analyzing and resolving organizational conflict. The model is predicated on two dimensions: assertiveness and cooperativeness, which combine to form five distinct conflict-handling styles. These are competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, and accommodating. Competing is a high-assertiveness, low-cooperativeness approach, emphasizing winning at the other party's expense. Conversely, accommodating is low in assertiveness and high in cooperativeness, focusing on yielding to others. Avoiding, characterized by low assertiveness and cooperativeness, involves sidestepping the conflict altogether. Compromising finds a middle ground, balancing assertiveness and cooperativeness, where each party gives up something. Collaborating, which is high in both dimensions, aims for a win-win solution by integrating the interests of all parties involved. The model aids individuals and organizations in recognizing their default conflict resolution styles and understanding the most effective approaches in various situations. By strategically employing these styles, parties can enhance communication, reduce tension, and achieve more constructive outcomes. The Thomas-Kilmann model remains a cornerstone in conflict resolution training,
... Диалог поиска решения проблемы предполагает, что представители западной культуры решают проблемы путем логического дискурса построения аргументов и убеждений, предъявления доказательств и выявления их отсутствия, построения схем несоответствий обоснования фактическим обстоятельствам дела [19]; на Западе «времяденьги» [20]. Хотя такое поведение нехарактерно для представителей азиатских культур, где аргументы и доказательства вторичны по отношению к построению отношений [21], гарантиям безопасности, эмпатии и связи [22], внимательности, осознанности и эмоциям [23] и поддержанию «лица». ...
Introduction: Cases of refusal by a person questioned to testify after the first interrogation, repeated changes in the content of his testimony, statements of an interrogated person and his lawyers about the use of inadmissible methods of investigation against him, etc. inspire the search for reliable means of recording oral texts and the very situation of texts production during an interrogation. Properly technically and psychologically organised video recording of investigative actions presents a valuable tool for analysing the behaviour of an interrogated person and reliable evidence at the subsequent, judicial stage of the investigation. Methods. The research is based on the system approach, general scientific methods (theoretical analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), specific scientific methods: specification, interpretation, comparative research method. The foreign experience of conducting investigative actions with the use of video recording during an interrogation of especially valuable suspects has been generalised. The obtained results were interpreted by means of expert psychological analysis. Results. Interpersonal interaction during interrogation process, supported by tracking the dynamics of communicative behaviour through psychological examination of the video record, present more significant results and higher confession rates than traditional interrogation techniques. Of particular importance is the use of psychotherapeutic techniques and the construction of motivational discourse, in particular, sustained rapport, which allows establishing reliable relationship of trust between an investigator and an interviewee. Training investigators in the psychological frameworkof using video recording, and further analysis of their performance before and after training, show significant changes in the use of evidence-based interrogation tactics, including extendeduse of open-ended questions, positive affirmations, and basic elements of cognitive interview, which has prolonged positive effect.
... To understand the nature of friction in the context of cross-cultural interactions during post-M&A integration, this article seeks to highlight a fundamental aspect of friction, that of face concerns. This encompasses concepts such as face-giving, face-keeping and face-losing, which hold significant importance in Asian cultures (Ho, 1976;Hofstede, 2001;Kim and Nam, 1998), and more broadly, in collectivist cultures (Ting-Toomey, 1994). Face concerns are revealed as key concerns for middle managers' cultural interaction in post-M&A integration settings (Durand, 2017). ...
Purpose
This study aims to address a significant gap in the literature by exploring the individual nature and microfoundation perspective of cultural friction during the integration phase following cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBMAs). It focuses on the role of face, a pivotal facet of interactions within Asian organizations, elucidating its importance in post-M&A integration outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a conceptual approach, this study draws on three bodies of literature, namely, cultural friction, microfoundations and face concerns. It reconsiders cultural friction as a microfounded construct and introduces face concerns as a pivotal element to understanding the challenges faced by managers at the forefront of CBMAs involving Asian companies. The conceptual approach is illustrated with examples for the world of practice.
Findings
This research makes two significant contributions to the fields of CBMAs and cultural friction. First, it demonstrates the relevance of the concept of cultural friction at the individual level, shedding light on the complex post-CBMA integration process. Second, this study demonstrates the critical role of face concerns in the sociocultural integration following CBMAs. This is underexplored in extant literature.
Originality/value
The crucial role of face is well known to those working in Asia. Yet academic inquiry remains underdeveloped on this issue for CBMAs. The friction derived from face concerns provides additional insights into the nature of the cultural challenges confronting managers during sociocultural integration and elucidates the micro-mechanisms influencing individuals’ responses to cultural friction. This research responds to calls to examine the human side of M&As uncovering previously neglected issues within intercultural managerial encounters.
... Research on facework shows that persons from low context cultures (see definition at end of paper) tend to favor facework behaviors related to self-face, while persons from high context cultures tend to focus more on a bal-ance between self-facework and others' facework (Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). ...
The matter of face is important in most of the world’s cultures. A manager who desires to practice successfully in global business must understand the underpinnings of his/her host country’s cultural conception of face. After the introduction, this paper discusses the role of face in the Old Testament then considers concepts of gaining, losing, and maintaining face. Face is discussed in business, politics, and selected societies. The lack of training programs is critiqued.
... Cognitive behavioural therapy can operate in a transformative way and help individuals understand that negative cognitive appraisals of religious origin can relate to meanings and interpretations deriving from religious ideas or affiliation needs in religious settings.Cognitive behavioural therapy deals with how human cognition operates when issues of core beliefs , concerning reality, negatively affect one's explanation of the world, others and the self. Core beliefs may refer to one's faulty perception that one is incapable of finding solution to a problem as well as that one is incapable to develop healthy interrelationships(Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). Core beliefs can also be understood as schemas individuals have about reality influencing emotions and behaviours ...
This paper discusses ways of transforming personal appraisals of religious origin through the use of cognitive behavioural therapeutic approaches. In the introduction, an account is presented of the theoretical background of cognitive behavioural therapy together with the main aspects underlining it, such as: how an event can induce irrational thinking in one's reasoning, how irrational thinking can affect physical and emotional sensations and what follows, in terms of behaviours, after one has been emotionally influenced by irrational thinking. Appraisals of religious origin are presented and discussed in the main part of this chapter, followed by cognitive behavioural explanations which explore how these can be transformed from negative to positive ones. Before completing the main part of the chapter, a new topic is discussed, titled Cognitive Behavioural Psychology of Religion and ways of its contributing to new theoretical and empirical approaches for both psychology and religion. Finally, a summary of the main points of what has been discussed concludes the paper.
... Grubun amaçları ve kuralları ile ters düşen bireyler grup içi çatışmalar yaşayabilirler (Çam & Akgün, 2007). En genel anlamda çatışma, iki veya daha fazla kişi arasında farklı ilgiler, düşünceler, inançlar, beklentiler ve gereksinimlerden kaynaklanan doğal anlaşmazlık durumudur (Ting-Toomey, 1994;Arslan, 2005;Bilgin, 2008). Çatışma, karşılıklı bağımlı tarafların, hedeflerine ulaşmada müdahale ve uyuşmazlıklar algılaması, bu olay için birbirlerini sorumlu tutması ve birbirlerine olumsuz duygusal tepkiler hissetmeleri sonucu oluşmaktadır (Barki & Hartwick, 2004;Yılmaz, 2014). ...
Ortaokul Düzeyinde Programlama Öğretiminde Karşılaşılan Güçlüklerin Belirlenmesi Mihriban GÜZEL Ali URDAL Zeynep ÖZTÜRK Aynur KOLBURAN GEÇER Arzu DEVECİ TOPAL Fen Eğitiminde Bağlam Temelli Öğrenme Uygulama Örnekleri ve Etkililiğinin İncelenmesi Filiz KARA Dilek ÇELİKLER Lise Fizik Öğretiminde Teknoloji Kullanımına Yönelik Yönetici Görüşlerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi Aytekin ERDEM Öğretmen Adaylarının Matematik Kaygıları İle Öğrenme Stilleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi Üzerine Bir Çalışma Selin ÇENBERCİ Grupla Psikolojik Danışmada Çatışma: Nedenler ve Müdahale Yolları Levent YAYCI Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretiminde Okuma Becerisi ve Kademeli Okuma Kitapları Dursun DEMİR Güzel Sanatlar Lisesi Müzik 10.Sınıf Bireysel Ses Eğitimi Kitabındaki Eserler ile Diğer Lise Müzik Ders Kitaplarındaki Eserlerin Çeşitli Değişkenlere Göre İncelenmesi Melek YILDIZ Cahit AKSU İşitme Engelli Çocuklarda Din Eğitimi Muhammet Fatih GENÇ Batı Avrupa Kurs Programlarının Öğrencilerin Beklentisini Karşılama Düzeyleri Yeliz ÇELEN Ahmet Vefa GÜLER Yükseköğretimde Fransızca Eğitimine Yönelik Yeni Bir Yöntemin Değerlendirilmesi: Dilsel Farkındalık Yöntemi Senem Seda ŞAHENK
... According to Hwang (2006), face can be seen as an individual's perceived social evaluation in a specific situation. An individual may experience a feeling of having or losing face because of positive or negative social evaluation (Goffman, 1955;Ting-Toomey, 1994). Similarly, the motives for purchasing second homes in Confucian society can differ from those of western individualism. ...
The surge in second-home ownership, particularly in China, has garnered significant interest. This study delves into the motivations and satisfaction levels of Chinese second-home owners, with a focus on Confucian cultural influences and 'face' consciousness. Surveying 327 s-home owners in Wentang Town, China, we employ a Structural Equation Model to unravel the intricate relationships. Our findings spotlight the importance of nostalgia in fostering place attachment, influencing both individual and family 'face. ' Place attachment, in turn, positively impacts satisfaction, primarily mediated through family 'face, ' underscoring the cultural significance of filial piety. Additionally, we identify a moderating effect of the distance between primary and second homes, emphasizing the role of Confucianism in shaping family-centric decisions. This study offers insights into the motivations and satisfaction of Chinese second-home owners, illuminating cultural nuances. It also provides practical recommendations for policymakers and the real estate industry, advocating for family-centric second-home experiences and improved transportation accessibility.
... See for meaning and to clearly spell out all messages-to make them explicit and well-organized. According to Ting-Toomey (2000), high-context cultures like Mexico and Japan tend to be collectivistic, while low-context cultures like the United States and Canada are more individualistic. You may be wondering how the notions of individualism/collectivism and high-context/low-context cultures are relevant to our study of communication. ...
... Resonant with Goffman's (1963) sociological theorization of dramaturgy, social face consists of the image one presents of oneself to others and the desire to appear as competent and respectful. But more than managing impressions of the desired self during social interactions in Goffman's theorization (Goffman, 1963: 109, 114), social face foregrounds both an actor's awareness of their own social face as well as that of others within social relations (see also Kirschbaum, 2012;Ting-Toomey and Oetzel, 2001). According to Goffman, people in social situations like conflict are immediately cast into expectations of acting out a line, 'a pattern of verbal and nonverbal acts by which he expresses his view of the situation and through this his evaluation of the participants, especially himself' (1967a: 7). ...
Conflicts are everyday sources of professional disagreement in the workplace. This article advances the study of professional conflicts by examining the symbolic interactionist processes through which professionals in South Korea cooperatively work through conflicts. Through ethnographic fieldwork conducted at a large hospital in Seoul in 2018, it is demonstrated that clinical professionals retain their poise and cooperate their way through conflicts by adhering to predetermined script-like ‘lines’ of action that mandate the protection of a triadic conception of social face: their own social face, that of their colleagues, and that of their hospital. Locked in disagreement over the risk profile of procedures for clients, embattled clinicians and nurses reroute conversations about conflicts to stress a shared identity in a bid to prevent humiliation, maintain network reciprocity, and preserve social face – of their dissenting counterparts, themselves, and their hospital. Professionals exercise a discerning level of heterogeneity in their conflict avoidance to maintain harmonious relationships, foster a personal brand of trust with clientele, and ultimately safeguard professional unity in the hospital.
... Oetzel et al. (2008) utilised 11 facework strategies that have been shown to provide some understanding of facework management during intercultural conflicts. The 11 facework strategies are categorised under three main strategies, namely, avoiding, integrating, and dominating, which have been verified by previous research (Oetzel et al., 2008;Ting-Toomey & Oetzel, 2001). The avoiding strategy includes giving in, pretending, and third-party. ...
Framed by the face negotiation theory and intercultural conflict management concepts, this study aims to identify the facework strategies used by international undergraduates in intercultural conflicts with Malaysian instructors at a private university, and investigate the preferred effective conflict management procedures for Malaysian instructors in managing intercultural conflicts with international undergraduates. This study uses a descriptive cross-sectional design using questionnaires for data collection. A total of 317 participants were involved: 105 Indonesian undergraduates, 106 Chinese undergraduates, and 106 Malaysian instructors. The results showed that both Indonesian and Chinese undergraduate groups have similar tendencies for integrating strategies, although they differ in avoiding and dominating strategies. For intercultural conflict management procedures, the most favourable procedure is mediation and the least favourable is ombudsman service. These findings provide instructors with first-hand data for subsequent teacher development on face-saving application. By applying the appropriate facework strategy and ways to enact it, instructors can further develop their teaching skills by creating a healthy student-teacher relationship with international students.
Research on intercultural communication is closely related to the phenomenon of intercultural mediation, as a means of identity negotiation and conflict resolution in contemporary multicultural settings. This study focuses on the basic dimensions of the role of mediators, whereas the methodology applied was mainly based on a literature review of secondary sources (laws, official texts and material of international organizations). The data collected, as key codes and from which the thematic axes emerged, concerned, on the one hand, the mediators’ profile and specifically their mindset, skillset and fundamental principles, and on the other hand, the political and legal framing of mediation with an emphasis on laws, professional profile, training standards, accreditation and examples of good practices. Finally, intercultural mediation is recognized as a determining factor in social integration policies and is closely related to common global and fundamental values, such as equity, respect, identity protection, tolerance, active listening and engagement.
This paper examined INEC and elections in Nigeria with a view to proposing measures that will enable the electoral body to conduct free, fair and credible elections in the nation. The paper made use of documentary method for data collection and relied on the propositions of structural functional theory. The study found, amongst others, that INEC has been plagued by an avalanche of electoral challenges right from the inception of the electoral body. Prominent among them are issues of low voters' turnout, postponement of elections, irregularities in the distribution and collection of PVCs and faulty card readers which have undermined the goals of this body as regards to elections in Nigeria. The paper concluded that INEC should be more proactive in dealing with logistical issues and also increase sensitization of the citizens on the electoral process. Introduction Election is the heart of the democratization process in any democratic state like Nigeria. There is a general consensus among scholars that election is important in a democratic political system, and the key to national development. The electoral process is very significant in democratic government because it is the procedure for choosing representatives, and the means of expressing people's views in democratic settings; it is one of the devices for changing the government, election help people to decide who should rule them at all level (W. J. Ekundayo, 2015).
In response to the rising public and scholarly interest in understanding relational experiences in intercultural relationships, we propose a new concept—relational cultural intelligence (RCI)—to describe an individual’s ability to learn and apply cultural knowledge in intimate relationships. In this article, we outline the theoretical foundation of RCI, introduce the RCI scale, and present initial results on its reliability and validity. We conceptualize RCI as a type of social intelligence with three dimensions: awareness, skills, and knowledge. This study surveyed 186 individuals in the United States who identified as being currently in an intercultural romantic relationship. The results provide evidence for the reliability and validity of the three-factor scale with 12 items. Results also showed that RCI was related to important aspects of relational experiences, such as relational stress and relationship satisfaction, and that it explained variance in relationship satisfaction above and beyond relational stress, commitment, and relationship duration.
Basado en la idea del “bandido social” propuesta por Eric Hobsbawm (1981), y apoyado en el concepto de “conflicto intercultural” de Américo Paredes (1995), este trabajo estudia los corridos dedicados a narcotraficantes en la frontera
México-Estados Unidos, tomando como ejemplo el caso del capo mexicanoamericano Fred Gómez Carrasco. Si bien es cierto que los estudios literarios se han enfocado a examinar las canciones populares “como textos poéticos desprendidos de la música”, según Robert Wells (2009: 195), aquí comentaré y compararé, además, la armonía y la melodía que los acompañan, y los espacios performativos donde estos corridos se consumen, con la finalidad de tener una visión más amplia del fenómeno musical estudiado. De manera similar, comprobaremos los usos sociales que ha tenido el corrido.
This mixed-methods study investigates English-medium oral online intercultural communication within the Irish-based international technology sector. The initial phase of the research consisted of a survey investigating participants’ ( N = 113) experiences of virtual communication. Following the survey, to linguistically investigate such interactions, the International Virtual Team Corpus (IVT Corpus) was created. This corpus consists of approximately 80,000 words of transcribed speech gathered from 30 web-based recordings of meetings, which include both Irish and international colleagues speaking in English. This paper reports on some of the relevant quantitative and qualitative survey results, uncovering both preconceptions and embodied experiences of international virtual meetings. Following this, it presents corpus-based results of significant frequent and keyword clusters that provide a window into the discourse patterns of international virtual team meetings in this sector. Some tentative implications and applications for work-based virtual communication are explored in the closing discussion.
This research paper examines the intricate dynamics of managing global teams in contemporary organizations. As businesses increasingly operate on a global scale, the need for effective strategies to manage diverse, geographically dispersed teams has become paramount. This study synthesizes current literature and empirical findings to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges and opportunities in global team management. It explores cultural dynamics, leadership approaches, communication strategies, organizational structures, and technological considerations that impact global team performance. The paper also discusses future trends and proposes strategies for implementing and measuring the success of global team management initiatives. By integrating theoretical frameworks with practical insights, this research aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on effective global team management and provide actionable recommendations for practitioners and organizations.
Nineteen entries are reviewed in this chapter: (amongst others) citizenship, complexity, The Council of Europe and culture. Etymological discussions in several languages as well as examples of myths concerning the ways these interculturologies have been constructed and used in research and education are presented. Recent literature reviews from different corners of the world serve the purpose of unravelling current mythologies and ideologies about the entries and help the reader move forward in their own understanding and position towards them. Critical and reflexive questions end the chapter to support the principle of criticality of criticality. The reader is asked to keep this principle in mind as they engage with the content of each entry, observing if and how the author himself puts it into practice while discussing the interculturologies he has identified.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Authentic Language Assessment Training and its Implementation in Public Elementary Schools, with a focus on exploring the key indicators influencing its relationship. To achieve this objective, data were collected from English language teachers in public elementary schools using a structured survey questionnaire. The questionnaire included items related to the extent of training received in authentic language assessment principles and practices, as well as the degree of implementation of these principles in their teaching. The results revealed a significant and high correlation between the extent of Authentic Language Assessment Training and its Implementation in Public Elementary Schools. Moreover, a regression analysis was conducted to identify specific indicators within the training that significantly influenced implementation. The indicators "Increased Knowledge of Authentic Assessment Principles," "Application of Authentic Assessment Strategies," "Quality of Assessment Design," and "Integration of Authentic Assessment into Instruction" were found to have a positive and statistically significant impact on the implementation of authentic language assessment practices. However, the indicator "Student Engagement and Performance" did not show a statistically significant effect on implementation. Understanding the relationship between training and implementation can inform the development of evidence- based policies and practices that support language teachers in delivering high-quality education.
This study delved into the development of Global Citizenship among junior high school students and its relationship on their Intercultural Communication Skills. To investigate this relationship, a survey instrument was administered to 100 junior high school students from Libertad National High School, utilizing a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using statistical tools, including mean, Pearson- r, and regression analysis. The findings reveal that while students exhibit moderately extensive intercultural communication skills, their global citizenship development varies across dimensions. Cultural awareness and social responsibility were found to be rarely extensive, while empathy and respect, along with a global perspective, demonstrated moderately extensive levels. A strong relationship exists between Global Citizenship Development and Intercultural Communication Skills, emphasizing the interconnectedness of these constructs. Furthermore, specific indicators, such as empathy and global perspective, significantly influence students' intercultural communication abilities. This study suggests the importance of targeted educational interventions aimed at enhancing cultural awareness, social responsibility, empathy, and a global perspective among junior high school students. Future researchers may explore innovative teaching methods to further develop students' global citizenship and intercultural communication skills.
This paper explores the intricate role of identity in the processes of intercultural conflict resolution and mediation, focusing specifically on the African context. It delves into how ethnic, cultural, and national identities influence conflict dynamics and the effectiveness of mediation efforts across diverse African societies. It explores the intricate role of identity in the processes of intercultural conflict resolution and mediation, focusing specifically on the African context. It delves into how ethnic, cultural, and national identities influence conflict dynamics and the effectiveness of mediation efforts across diverse African societies. This research also explores how cultural identities, encompassing ethnicity, religion, and social groups, influence conflict dynamics and complicate peacebuilding efforts. Drawing on case studies of prominent African conflicts, interview sessions with some affected Africans and a target audience survey questionnaire, the dissertation analyses how: • Identity-based grievances fuel conflict escalation. • Misunderstandings of cultural norms hinder communication and trust during mediation. • Exclusion of certain identity groups from peace processes undermines their legitimacy and sustainability. The research highlights the pivotal role that identity plays in both exacerbating conflicts and facilitating their resolution. The study employs a multidisciplinary approach, integrating theories from history, sociology, and conflict resolution to understand the complex interplay between identity and intercultural conflicts. By examining successful mediation practices that have effectively addressed identity-based tensions, the dissertation offers valuable insights into developing more culturally sensitive and effective conflict resolution strategies. The dissertation proposes a conflict resolution game and course specially designed for Africans for incorporating culturally sensitive and identity-conscious mediation strategies. This framework emphasizes: • Pre-mediation training for mediators on cultural competency and identity dynamics. • Inclusive dialogue that acknowledges and respects diverse perspectives. • An African inspired Conflict resolution game which is infused with ways on how the concept of identity can be used for successful mediations • Power-sharing mechanisms that address underlying inequalities between identity groups. By integrating these strategies, the research argues that mediation can be more effective in resolving and preventing future conflicts in Africa. The dissertation contributes to the ongoing dialogue on intercultural conflict resolution by offering a nuanced understanding of the interplay between identity and peacebuilding in a critical region.
This chapter considers three main assumptions about superstition based on the literature. Firstly, that superstition alleviates anxiety experienced during periods of uncertainty when superstitious beliefs may function as a substitute for, or a supplement to, available information. Secondly, superstitions arise in any organism capable of associative learning through faulty assumptions about causation and thirdly, that superstition is culturally constructed.
A menudo se dice que aprender un idioma es aprender una cultura, y el japonés, una lengua muy diferente de las europeas, está muy fuertemente influenciado por su cultura. La adquisición de una segunda lengua influye en la identidad del individuo, fomenta su competencia plurilingüe y pluricultural y enriquece su desarrollo humano. Sin embargo, también es cierto que existen varios conflictos interculturales antes de llegar a este punto. En este artículo analizaremos dichos conflictos a través de entrevistas de historias de vida con tres españoles que han vivido en japón durante un largo periodo de tiempo, así como a través de un capítulo del reciente video “¡activa tu japonés!” (2022). Este trata la mediación desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes de japonés. Se utilizará como eje metodológico el concepto de mediación, considerado por pym (2014) como sinónimo de traducción, pero que aporta un énfasis en el proceso de situarse entre dos culturas diferentes. De esta manera, veremos que el proceso traductor o mediador no es necesariamente un acto positivo, sino que puede manifestarse también en la forma de conflictos interculturales que pueden llegar a tener un profundo impacto en la identidad y en el carácter del individuo.
This article explores the intricate relationship between cultural diversity and conflict resolution in multicultural societies. It delves into the challenges posed by cultural differences and investigates best practices for achieving harmonious coexistence and resolving conflicts within diverse communities. By analyzing case studies, existing literature, and successful models of conflict resolution, the article aims to provide insights into the complex dynamics of cultural diversity and offer practical recommendations for promoting peaceful interactions and social cohesion in multicultural settings.
Enabling pathways are often placed in the difficult position of establishing a bridge between engineering academic expectations and the quality and diversity of students seeking access to tertiary education. Difficulties in progressing to engineering programs may be in the form of articulation of fundamental maths and sciences. However, one of the main issues may not be an educational one but a cultural one; in that there is a cultural and value divide between students and engineering academics, which often are not adequately bridged. The proposition is that via improving scholarship of learning and teaching in engineering academics by collaborative development of curriculum with enabling educators, the cultural divide may be bridged. The paper looks to the examples in the experience of international students in enabling pathways and factors that hinder successful student progression in their respective programs. The paper endeavours to suggest propositions and relevant methods to address this, and provide tangible ways of delineating the barriers to effective transition in students, and provide positive change in the culture and values of engineering academics in particular.
Connecting with culturally diverse individuals require in-depth understanding and knowledge of intercultural competence. This paper focuses on the Malaysian students’ intercultural competence in the Malaysian campus to gain insights into their social interaction. Specifically, we highlight the Malaysian students’ reflection of intercultural competence based on their encounters with the international students in the Malaysian university environment. Using a qualitative approach, we collect data from in-depth interviews with the selected Malaysian undergraduate students from three universities in Northern Malaysia. The findings draw attention to two emerging themes: self-other awareness and interlingual communication strategies. The paper contributes to enhancing awareness of self and other, and language-related accommodation strategies in embracing intercultural communication.
This study examines how tribes in Jordan defend their members accused of corruption. The data come from three major public statements by three large tribes in response to highly publicized accusations of corruption. Using positioning theory, the analysis shows that this collectivist discourse is centered on self-glorification;
stressing loyalty, belonging, and national identity; invoking religious narratives; and attacking accusers. It relies heavily on intertextuality, invoking of past events and master narratives, and recreating local traditional storylines. While Western culture focuses on defending the individual, collectivist culture focuses on defending
the group/community and reflects the group’s feeling of being a victim.
Resumen
La migración internacional es un fenómeno complejo con un efecto en la vida cotidiana. En el caso de Puerto Rico destaca el flujo migratorio entre República Dominicana-Puerto Rico, siendo la comunidad dominicana el principal grupo de extranjeros que reside en el país. Asimismo, resulta ser el mayor grupo sobre el que existe discriminación y prejuicio en la convivencia social. El presente trabajo, analiza desde una perspectiva psicosocial, la migración dominicana reconociendo la diversidad cultural como una construcción ideológica que requiere estudiar debido a que en muchas ocasiones implica conflictos y marginalización. El capitulo presenta un panorama general sobre la situación del grupo poblacional dominicano en Puerto Rico. Destacándose que la migración dominicana a Puerto Rico se distingue por formas ilegales de llegar al país y por la feminización de la migración dominicana, dos escenarios en donde se violan los derechos humanos. No obstante, sigue siendo un fenómeno de poco interés de estudio que luego de una década cabe reflexionar a que responde esta situación. Esto se observa, al revisar las investigaciones realizadas desde las diversas disciplinadas desde las Ciencias Sociales, entre los que se encuentra: economía subterránea, intolerancia, género, familia y sexualidad, prácticas ciudadanas, homosexualidad, valores y roles asociados con el hogar. Desde el Proyecto Voces con Eco del Departamento de Psicología de la Universidad de Puerto Rico se han desarrollado estudio sobre el conflicto, discriminación, intolerancia y convivencia social. Según estos estudios la comunidad dominicana enfrenta mayormente conflictos culturales debido a las incompatibilidades percibida entre los grupos puertorriqueños y dominicanos. Los factores detonantes del conflicto cultural se encuentran en el etnocentrismo, estereotipos y en los malentendidos en la comunicación. Principalmente enfrentan conflictos en contexto vecinal, por nacionalidad y por intereses económicos. Como también, enfrentan microagresiones en la cotidianidad, como insultos, invalidación o menosprecio, que se producen en el diario vivir. Con lo que, enfrentan diferentes modalidades de intolerancia que surgen en las actitudes de rechazo hacia la diversidad cultural considerando que la figura del extranjero-inmigrante representa una amenaza que debe ser excluida socialmente. De manera que, la intolerancia viola los derechos del migrante, aunque en muchos casos se justifica desde el estado mediante el orden social o normativas legales. Por otra parte, una de las manifestaciones de la intolerancia a nivel social es la discriminación. Entre los principales actores sociales que producen acciones discriminantes se encuentra la aduana, la policía y los medios de comunicación. También, se obtuvo que los dominicanos reaccionan con miedo, al ser percibidos como una amenaza en la sociedad receptora Por lo que, es necesario educar sobre el tema, y promover la enseñanza hacia la tolerancia de otras culturas. recomendaciones para el desarrollo de programa educativos con lo que se pueda contribuir a una adecuada convivencia social desde la diversidad cultural. El trabajo finaliza con un compendio de ejercicios para reflexionar y analizar lo discutido anteriormente.
This study revisits the concepts and measurement scales of Hashimoto and Yamagishi's ( Asian Journal of Social Psychology , 2016, 19, 286) adaptationist model of self‐construals, which provides a promising framework for intercultural and cross‐cultural research. Responding to a call for the establishment of measurement invariance of the scales across cultures, this study revised the scales and conducted a series of tests including tests of their dimensionality and measurement invariance across cultures. Additionally, this study examined construct and predictive validity of the revised scales across cultures. A total of 649 undergraduates from Japan and the United States were invited to respond to a survey designed for the purposes of the study. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four‐factor model, which consists of dual interdependence (harmony seeking and rejection avoidance) and dual independence (distinctiveness of the self and self‐expression), fit the data better than alternative models across cultures. The invariance tests provided evidence to support partial configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the revised scales across cultures. The validity tests provided evidence to support construct and predictive validity of the revised scales across cultures. The results were discussed and the implications were offered.
Competent intercultural conflict management depends on many factors. One of the key factors is to increase our awareness and knowledge concerning diverse conflict styles and facework issues. Intercultural conflict can be defined as any implicit or explicit antagonistic struggle between persons of different cultures due, in part, to cultural or ethnic group membership differences. Beyond cultural group membership differences and intergroup historical grievances, differences in situational expectations, goal orientations, conflict styles, facework tendencies, and perceived scarce resources (e.g., time, power currencies) may further complicate an already complex conflict situation.
Favor‐seeking is a directive type of speech act that attempts to impede the freedom of action of the hearer. Expressing apologies or thanks in conjunction with favor‐seeking can be viewed as a politeness strategy used to reduce the face threats associated with favor‐seeking. Since Japanese and Americans use apologies and thanks differently when seeking favors, understanding their differences is useful for effective intercultural communication.
This entry features intercultural conflict and conflict management, an inevitable occurrence in our increasingly globalized and diverse society. As people from different cultures interact on a daily basis, intercultural conflict likely arises from perceived cultural differences in beliefs, norms, and values, and from cultural misunderstanding or ignorance and different expectations. This entry provides an introduction to intercultural conflict, reviews relevant theoretical and empirical endeavors, summarizes the existing research using etic and emic perspectives, and offers critiques, as well as directions for future research.
Metaphors and proverbs are an indispensable sociocultural aspect of language. In this paper, we look at the sociocultural linguistic heterogeneity codified through metaphors and proverbs among three Arabic dialects, namely the Qatari, the Palestinian, and the Tunisian ones. The corpora of metaphors and proverbs have been elicited through interviews with relatives and friends, who live in Qatar, Palestine, and Tunisia respectively. The data are analyzed in the context of cognitive metaphor theory with a focus on comparative and interactionist perspectives. With a focus on two emerging themes, namely physical appearance, and sexual orientation, we argue that the Qatari dialect seems to be more inventive in the sexual orientation theme, while the Palestinian dialect foregrounds appearance due to the importance of marriage in Palestinian society, and the Tunisian dialect shows no emphasis on a specific theme. The differences we have found in metaphors and proverbs offer a glimpse of the various social orders, symbolic meanings, and lifestyles found in the three respective cultures, which are a vital aspect of cultural literacy in the Arab world. In this sense, the study is a suggestion on how to analyze qualitatively sociocultural linguistic heterogeneity at the level of figurative language and its symbolic meanings.
The article deals with intercultural business communication challenges that complicate discourses in multinational organizations. The article explores the cultural incompatibility problems with their corresponding cultural dimensions extracted from the seminal theories of intercultural management to identify training needs for multinational managers. The fulcrum of this work rests on the salient value orientations that lead to communication collapses when managers from different countries fail to accomplish optimal cultural attunement in their narratives and script their conversations with ethnocentric biases. To counter these debilitating stressful intercultural conversations, the author presents an innovative training solution of a “20-20 culture-communication template tool” for coaching managers for effective production of ethno-relative dialogues across diverse geo-cultural economies. This culture tool uses a 20-point culture questionnaire format with the complementary application apparatus of 20 culture sensitivity programs that organizations can undertake for a quick tutoring of multinational managers for forging successful intercultural coalitions in plural work spaces.
“Couples who argue together, stay together” is a popular English saying suggesting the necessity of disagreement for a healthy and stable romantic relationship. The present study explores whether Belgian and Japanese participants similarly view couple disagreement as a necessity, and whether conceptions of disagreement have implications for partners' ideas of how to deal with disagreement. We conducted four focus groups in each culture and analyzed them using thematic analysis. The findings suggested that Belgian participants thought that partners' needs unavoidably clash. They thus saw disagreement as inevitable. In contrast, Japanese participants thought of disagreement as avoidable. To avoid disagreement, they reported that they adjusted to and accepted the differences of their partner. Consistent with these respective conceptions of disagreement, Belgian participants highlighted the importance of addressing disagreement through open communication, while Japanese participants reported to frequently engage in indirect forms of communication such as mindreading. The differences in Belgian and Japanese conceptions of disagreement reflect different cultural notions of a healthy relationship, with Belgian partners valuing independence and Japanese emphasizing interdependence in the relationship. We discuss the implications of existing research on couple disagreement, which often starts from assumptions closer to the English saying and the Belgian conceptions of disagreement.
The present article positions culture at the center of analysis investigating schadenfreude within online brand communities and global virtual teams. Through this article, the authors explore the underlying causes and consequences of motivational values dimensions based on the typology developed by Shalom Schwartz in 1992 and 2012, respectively. We extend the Schwartz Value Theory by exploring the triggers of schadenfreude among online brand communities and global virtual teams. Accordingly, the proposed conceptual framework identifies Openness to Change and Self Enhancement as leading values governing human behavior in communities, teams and societies. Findings from this article may be applied as a roadmap by organizations or brands hoping to identify the root causes of heterogeneous group conflicts and schadenfreude directed within online brand communities and global virtual teams.
This study aims to find out how the processes, communication barriers, and adaptations carried out by different cultural couples between Arab Alawiyyin and Non-Arab Alawiyyin in their married life. Communication is the main key in a marriage. Especially in a marriage between two people with different cultural backgrounds, interpersonal communication is important to achieve harmony in a family. This research is a phenomenological study that aims to determine the subjective experience of interpersonal communication between Alawiyyin and non-Alawiyyin Arab marriage couples. The results showed that interpersonal communication between Alawiyyin and non-Alawiyyin Arab couples took place harmoniously because of adjustments made before and during the marriage period. Commitments and agreements are made and negotiated with effective communication between the two. Communication barriers in general can be overcome well, even though at the beginning of marriage it was the toughest moment for couples to adjust. Differences in culture, customs, norms and values between partners are other factors that hinder communication. Openness, empathy, mindfulness, cultural sensitivity, and other effective interpersonal communication skills are keys to success in intercultural marriage relationships. In addition, the extended family and its values are the main factors that must be compromised, especially in the early moments of marriage.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.