Radical Media: Rebellious Communication and Social Movements
... Among these concepts, John D. H. Downing (2001) has categorised alternative media -which he has named more precisely as radical alternative media-in a similar theoretical context that we have outlined up to this point. Downing (2001) has defined alternative media as "relatively free from the agenda of the powers that be and sometimes in opposition to one or more elements in that agenda" (8). ...
... Among these concepts, John D. H. Downing (2001) has categorised alternative media -which he has named more precisely as radical alternative media-in a similar theoretical context that we have outlined up to this point. Downing (2001) has defined alternative media as "relatively free from the agenda of the powers that be and sometimes in opposition to one or more elements in that agenda" (8). According to him, social movement actors are carriers of alternative media. ...
... Alternative media constitute alternative publics-a term he uses synonymous to counterpublics. Downing (2001) states that alternative media are shaped by power structures and promote "counterhegemony" (15). He does not limit his definition to progressive actors and their media, but also includes authoritarian and right-wing media. ...
The paper contributes to current debates on counterpublics and the applicability of the concept to various ideological contexts with a long-term historical perspective on structural changes in media and politics. It analyses problems of theory formation, offers an alternative approach and places current upheavals in the context of previous changes. Based on a literature review of current research in view of the increasing importance of right-wing actors' online communication, a shift in theory is identified. On the one hand, theories of hegemony are expanded to describe alleged exclusions and, on the other hand, by emphasising the discursive construction of counterpublics, actors' claims and perceptions are adopted as analytical criteria. As an alternative to approaches that focus on discursive construction of actual or alleged exclusions, this conceptual article presents a definition of counterpublics as opposed to structures of (hybrid) media systems and offers a framework to examine ideas and practices of counterpublics derived from classical approaches of counterpublics and adaptations based on findings of communication and media research. A sketch of transformations in communication history in the US and Europe from press under feudal rule to diversifications in hybrid media systems in liberal democracies is used to illustrate the framework.
... When examining various aspects of alternative media, several distinct concepts emerge. For instance, Downing (2001) discusses the notion of radical media, while Bailey et al. (2008) introduce concepts like community media, civil society media, and rhizomatic media. Carpentier (2011) explores the idea of participatory media. ...
... These models focus on integrating the economic activities of information production into the lives of those directly involved in the process (Atton, 2002). They thus align with the concept of "self-managed media" (Downing, 2001), which operate and sustain themselves over time with minimal budgets and a business structure the team itself manages. ...
Alternative digital media form part of an effervescent movement to create media organisations , offering an important counterpart to the tendency to concentrate information production within a few institutional conglomerates. In Portugal, while these media outlets have gained prominence in academia, there are still few studies addressing the issue from the perspective of migrants and/or racialised people. In order to address this gap and provide an in-depth overview of the digital alternative media ecosystem in Portugal concerning these social groups, this article presents discussions informed by analyses based on a mapping of digital alternative media related to migration and/or racialised people. Various aspects are examined, such as the relationship between their foundation and the historical and social contexts in Portugal over the last few decades, the challenges of operating with small teams, and the problems associated with adopting different funding strategies. Thus, this analysis contributes to a critical discussion of pressing issues that shape the debate on the role and significance of the participation of this underrepresented group of the population in the media in Portugal. The goal is to foster a more inclusive, diverse and representative media ecosystem that reflects the country's social and cultural diversity. It offers a critical examination of the role and significance of involving this segment of the population in the media in Portugal, aiming to promote a media ecosystem that is more inclusive, diverse, and representative of the country's social and cultural diversity.
... When examining various aspects of alternative media, several distinct concepts emerge. For instance, Downing (2001) discusses the notion of radical media, while Bailey et al. (2008) introduce concepts like community media, civil society media, and rhizomatic media. Carpentier (2011) explores the idea of participatory media. ...
... These models focus on integrating the economic activities of information production into the lives of those directly involved in the process (Atton, 2002). They thus align with the concept of "self-managed media" (Downing, 2001), which operate and sustain themselves over time with minimal budgets and a business structure the team itself manages. ...
As mídias alternativas digitais fazem parte de um movimento efervescente de criação de órgãos de comunicação social, oferecendo uma contrapartida importante diante da tendência de concentração da produção da informação em alguns conglomerados institucionais. Em Portugal, apesar dessas mídias terem ganhado destaque na academia, ainda são poucos os estudos que abordam a questão a partir do recorte das pessoas migrantes e/ou racializadas. De modo a preencher essa lacuna e a oferecer um panorama aprofundado do ecossistema midiático alternativo digital em Portugal no que toca esses grupos sociais, este artigo apresenta discussões norteadas por análises feitas a partir de um mapeamento de mídias alternativas digitais relacionadas com as migrações e/ou pessoas racializadas. São abordados diferentes aspectos, como a relação entre a sua fundação e os contextos históricos e sociais em Portugal ao longo das últimas décadas, as implicações da operação com equipes reduzidas e as problemáticas associadas à adoção de diferentes estratégias de financiamento. Como resultado, desenvolve-se uma problematização necessária de questões prementes que contribuem para o debate acerca do papel e importância da participação desta franja da população nas mídias em Portugal, de forma a fomentar um ecossistema midiático mais inclusivo, heterogêneo e representativo da diversidade social e cultural do país.
... The term alternative media, however, has been variably defined by scholars (Atkinson 2006;Fuchs 2010;Harlow 2010;Rodriguez 2001;Downing 2001). Atkinson (2006) described it as media aiming to "transform existing social roles and routines by critiquing and challenging power structures" (p. ...
... Harlow (2010, 22) further defined alternative media as "outlets aimed at providing a public service rather than a commercial product, … aligned with social groups, and representing the collective interests of those segments of society normally ignored by the mainstream media." Other authors describe alternative media as "radical media," (Rodriguez 2001) "citizen's media," (Downing 2001) and "participatory communication" (Harlow 2010). In all these cases, alternative media usually emerged and developed as a reaction to the mainstream media's capitalistic nature, which tends to preserve the status quo. ...
The Catholic Church has been a vocal critic of then-President Rodrigo Duterte’s War on Drugs campaign. The controversial policy reportedly claimed thousands of lives killed under suspicious circumstances. During the beginning of his term, Duterte would throw insults and tirades mostly directed at the members of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines. In 2017, the CBCP News Service started publishing stories of the bloody War on Drugs campaign amidst the antagonistic rhetoric of the Duterte administration against the religious institution. To find out how the news service reported the issue, we examined the news articles published by CBCP News.net, the official news service of the CBCP. Using Robert Entman’s Framing Theory, we analyzed how the news outlet framed and gave salience to the issue in their news articles.
Content analysis of the selected news articles from the online news outlet revealed that the news service utilized four different frames: violence frame, morality frame, government blunder frame, and health frame. The news service also integrated a religious perspective through the careful selection of words and quotations from the Catholic prelates and laities. Finally, the reportage of CBCP News was able to formalize its role as a moral authority in the country by providing a counter-narrative of the War on Drugs campaign.
... We can observe another democratic journalistic norm through the position of newspapers in combating misinformation/disinformation and covering this issue as a danger to democracy. Not by chance, the democratic potential of social media (see Delarbre 2009;Downing 2001) is barely or not even mentioned at all in these articles. Instead, the newspapers use metaphors as discursive devices to draw a line between the traditional press and the online environment often occupied by populist leaders. ...
The rise of far-right leaders around the world and, consequently, the threats to democratic institutions, journalists, and freedom of press have been an occasion for journalists to question whether old approaches to covering politics works in this new environment. While U.S. journalists have been reluctant to engage with politicians in debates about journalism, the fate of journalists in Brazil may serve as a proxy for journalists to think about how they defend journalism. This study examines metajournalistic discourse in two of the U.S.’s biggest newspapers about Brazilian former President Jair Bolsonaro’s interactions with journalism. By discourse analyzing 221 articles from The New York Times and The Washington Post, the research identified discursive devices used by journalists to legitimize journalistic values. The findings show a pronounced metajournalistic discourse beyond opinion articles and news pieces at the international desk.
... Moreover, alternative media by its very nature opposes professionalism, which intrinsically promotes exclusivity. According to most alternative media theory, mainstream media organizations are understood as "largely monolithic, centered on profit, hierarchical organizations which, by virtue of their professional routinization and codification, are implicitly exclusive" (Downing 1984). In contrast, alternative media content is primarily understood as being "produced and composed primarily by non-professionals" (Iskandar 2006). ...
Since its inception, Al Jazeera and the space the network occupies in the alternative media order have been heavily contested. The network’s editorial and journalistic decisions position Al Jazeera as an alternative news source and some see the station as a powerful force against global hegemonies. In “Hegemonic No More: Western Media, the Rise of Al-Jazeera, and the Influence of Diverse Voice,” Philip Seib argues that Al Jazeera’s success signals “an end to the near monopoly in global news that American and other Western media had long enjoyed”. (Seib 2005) Others heavily contest the alternative media designation citing the network’s structure, organization, and funding; Adel Iskandar argues that much of the alterity that characterizes Al Jazeera is manufactured and “resembles the marketing strategy for a corporate brand”. (Iskandar 2006) Situating Al Jazeera within the alternative media order has been difficult in part because “the nature and definitions of alternative media have often been contested terrain” (ibid.). Although fluid, most definitions of alternative media focus on the challenge alternative sources pose to existing narratives and journalistic practices. These definitions of alterity stipulate that the media should have some if not all of the following characteristics: connections with social movements, facilitating social communication and change, the ability to instigate activism, challenge to the structures of power, wide participation in the creation of content, positioning outside mainstream media, an emphasis on the social construction of facts, privileging diverse voices, and participation-based organizational values, structure and funding. (See Atton 2003, Downing, and Iskandar) Judged against some of these criteria – particularly that of permitting grassroots participation and association with social movements – Al Jazeera could not be called alternative.
... La interacción entre tecnología y ciudadanía ha dado pie a diversas prácticas que permiten vislumbrar un sistema mediático más complejo y diverso, y que demuestran la existencia de otros discursos y visiones del mundo que tratan de adquirir centralidad en la agenda pública (Downing, 2001). Es decir, los movimientos sociales, como organizaciones propias de la sociedad civil, no solo tratan de alcanzar determinadas transformaciones políticas y económicas, sino que aspiran a que su visión de mundo se reconozca y se extienda. ...
El capítulo aborda temas que han sido centrales en el debate sobre las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en los últimos tiempos. Las filtraciones han generado discusiones sobre la rendición de cuentas de los poderes públicos y los límites de la libertad de expresión. La desinformación, aunque anterior a Internet, se redimensiona con el uso de las redes sociales en un contexto de baja confianza institucional. El periodismo ciudadano plantea una producción informativa alternativa a los medios de comunicación convencionales e impulsada por la democratización de las tecnologías de la información. Por último, el periodismo lento surge como respuesta a los ciclos de producción acelerados y a la sobreabundancia informativa en el ecosistema mediático actual.
... If we turn to my first point, Bailey et al. specifically describe 'alternative media as the crossroads of organisations and movements linked with civil society ' (2008: 27). This description disrupts the dichotomous relationship between the local and the global -the authors outline a situation where alternative media organisations can be grounded in local communities but still be engaged with translocal networks (2008: 27)as opposed to say, alternative media based around, staffed by and distributed to local community members as in traditional descriptions of alternative media (Downing 2001). The description of alternative media being embedded in translocal networks is supported by more recent research into alternative media with refugees, which suggests social media boosts refugee community participation (Xu et al. 2017), though this mostly ordered along governmental priorities around integration (Alencar 2017). ...
... Günümüzde ise travma çalışmalarının sinema araştırmalarında etkin hale gelmesiyle birlikte "yıkıcı film" kavramı önemli bir yere yerleşmiştir. Downing (2001) kitabına "İletişim medyasına yönelik ortak yaklaşımlar, kesinlikle radikal alternatif medyanın tarihsel kalıcılığını ve coğrafi yaygınlığını ciddiye almayı reddettikleri için çılgınca orantısız" diyerek başlar (s. V). ...
Robert Stam, Richard Porton ve Leo Goldsmith tarafından yazılan Yıkıcı Film: Medya Estetiğinde Anahtar Sözcükler radikal medya ve film teorisyenlerini ilgilendirecek ansiklopedik bilgiler sunuyor. Yazarlar; Bakhtin, Deleuze, Ranciere, Brecht ve Jameson gibi teorisyenlerden esinlenerek radikal estetiğe dair keyifli ve öğretici bir okuma sağlıyorlar. Kitap hem radikal filmlerin stratejilerini ele alıyor hem de alanla ilgili kavramlara ulaşabileceğimiz bir sözlük oluşturuyor. Stam, Porton ve Goldsmith’e göre kitabın yaklaşımı pan-sanatsaldır, yani kitap, sinemanın diğer sanatlarla da ilişkisini göz önünde bulundurarak diğer sanatlara da değiniyor. Yazarlar, kitabın yaklaşımının aynı zamanda pan-medyatik olduğunu ve geniş bir medya yelpazesinden yararlanacağını vurgularlar. Bu nedenle kitabın medya alanına katkısını ve yenilikçi duruşunu görmek mümkün olmaktadır.
... Los medios comunitarios se han convertido en socios privilegiados de la resolución de conflictos y la reconciliación (Pereira y Cadavid, 2011). Existen estudios que se relacionan con los medios comunitarios (Downing, 2001;Gumucio-Dagron, 2001); también hay investigaciones sobre cómo estos medios potencian la capacidad expresiva de los ciudadanos en medio del conflicto (Atton, 2002;Rodríguez y El'Gazi, 2005;Rodríguez, 2008). En Colombia, tres procesos clásicos demuestran que las radios comunitarias propician espacios, incluso para la curación de las heridas que provoca la guerra, "Ganándole terreno al miedo", de Vega y Bayuelo (2008) sobre el uso de la comunicación en Montes de María; la Red de Radios Comunitarias del Magdalena Medio (AREDMAG), que proporciona pruebas poco comunes del papel central de los medios comunitarios en la lucha por la paz en medio del conflicto según Cadavid & Moreno (2009); y Radio Andaquí, de Belén de los andaquíes, en el departamento de Caquetá, un proceso comunicativo donde quienes antes no podían hablar, ahora pueden, se toman la palabra y se sienten bien haciéndolo (González y Rodríguez, 2006). ...
Introducción: En el artículo se discuten elementos estructurales que afectarían los alcances de algunos espacios de interacción social en la radio comunitaria, tales como los escenarios de planeación participativa y comunicación interpersonal que podrían constituir un importante aporte a la construcción de paz en Colombia. Metodología: El estudio de estos espacios se hizo a través de dos viñetas etnográficas: la primera sobre las Juntas de Programación en las emisoras comunitarias del Caribe y, la segunda, sobre los Comités Temáticos Locales de las emisoras del nordeste antioqueño. Literatura sobre intensidades participativas enmarca este proyecto de investigación en una perspectiva histórica y crítica de la comunicación comunitaria para la paz. Discusión y conclusiones: Se concluye que se requiere fortalecer la planeación participativa con un carácter político y que la comunicación interpersonal debe ser la base de una radio que convoca ciudadanos al encuentro y al diálogo para construir la paz.
... Innovazione e differenziazione culturale, dunque, potrebbero dipendere in parte proprio dalla capacità concessa ai soggetti non tanto di agire tra le maglie della rete, quanto di aggirarle, creando nuovi spazi discorsivi. Indirettamente, nel contesto di questo lavoro, occupandomi di produzione e consumo culturale, ho voluto attribuire alla democratizzazione un duplice senso: ritengo democratico un sistema in cui l'agency dei soggetti (siano essi produttori o fruitori di cultura) è tale da consentir loro una violazione critica delle strutture del sistema (Downing 2000), e in cui sussistono le condizioni affinché i soggetti possano avere accesso a una ricca serie di esperienze artistico-estetiche tali da condurli al miglioramento delle proprie capacità creative, cognitive ed emotive (Nussbaum 2003). ...
Hundreds of millions of people globally engage with musical products distributed through services that have engendered a contentious and inadequately understood system of production, distribution, and consumption. According to some, these new communication environments enhance cultural openness and diversity, facilitating a horizon for the free exercise of collective intelligence in the spirit of participatory culture. Conversely, others contend that these developments signal a regressive drift, increasingly dominated by the conformities of commercial culture. This book undertakes a critical examination of the symbolic, political, economic, spatial, interactional, and ideological dimensions of the current media ecosystem. It includes the presentation of a number of empirical studies designed to explore the perceptions of record executives, music managers, marketing professionals, songwriters, producers, and listeners. The book aims to provide scientifically grounded responses to a question that has predominantly been confined to common discourse: is digital capitalism genuinely an ally of culture?
... The argument this study wants to bring here is that despite the fact of the diversity of definitions and characteristics available about alternative media practices (here I mean what alternative media holds to in its very heart) by scholars (Atton 2002(Atton , 2003(Atton , 2013(Atton , 2015Stephen Duncombe 1997;Downing, John, 1988, 2001Harcup 2013Harcup , 2011O'Sullivan, Dutton, and Rayner 1998) the responses in this study continued to support that the extent Ntv Online is adhering to the subtle alternative practices while standing firm and successful as a mainstream online media of Bangladesh is a matter of complex position for Ntv Online. Being standing amid mainstream routine professional exposure, yet still in the practice of upholding alternative essence in its news-making process is not simply in terms of content presentation; instead, this is about how Ntv Online construed the meaning of giving voice to the voiceless in its communication processes as minority voiced TV channel. ...
This article explores the specific work mechanisms journalists use to promote the ideology of good and independent journalism at the online news services of Ntv station in Bangladesh. Along with the journalistic scholarships on issues of heightened state surveillance on broadcast and online communications by the hybrid regime and its relation to broader questions of how dissidents and alternative voices struggle to gain visibility in the context of media freedom and democracy in Bangladesh, the theoretical framework of the political economy of communication and concepts of alternative voice are employed in this study. It scrutinizes the implications of state control measures upon journalistic praxis and examines how journalists at Ntv Online-a digital section of this television station, perceive the "alternative voice" to become the place for public deliberation. Built on field-based case study research and in-depth interviews with reporters and editors at Ntv Online, this study reveals that Ntv Online is materializing the concept of "alternative voice" by opening up access to media production. This is empowering those who are involved in news-making processes. At a professional level, this study aimed to contribute to the online news-making process while capturing the experiences of conflict and challenges journalists face. ARTICLE HISTORY
... However, they are decisive in enabling non-professional newsmakers, including alternative news media, to reach digital audiences and establish themselves as digital news brands, even with scarce resources (Bruns, 2018). In the pre-digital era, alternative media research was particularly focused on different types of citizen-driven and grassroots journalism -on outlets with small-scale circulation such as zines and on media connected to progressive ideas and movements (Atton, 2002;Downing, 2001;Harcup, 2012). With the increasing importance of digital platforms for news aggregation and dissemination, research attention turned to the "second wave" of citizen journalism: digital publishing networks like Indymedia and independent news blogs, which aggregated and commented on news, some of which, over time, were converted into actual news outlets (Bruns, 2015(Bruns, , 2018. ...
This article maps and compares digital alternative news environments in two Scandinavian countries: Sweden and Denmark. Drawing on an analysis of over 20,000 public social media accounts that have shared alternative news content on eight different social media platforms from January 2019 to March 2022, we document the importance of different types of curators, such as political actors, social media pundits, public discussion groups, and individual “hyper-tweeters”, in multiplying the reach of alternative news content on social media. The analysis reveals substantial differences in the digital curation of alternative news between the two countries, as well as between the curation of left-wing and right-wing alternative content. In the article, we discuss how different types of alternative news curation practices contribute to the formation of digital counterpublics.
... Alternative media is also often used as a label, pointing to the specific political affiliation of news media, connoting "alternative" as in oppositional political discourses and positions. In cases of the latter, the term is today most often connected to an understanding of populist or far-right politics and actors (Ekman, 2019), as opposed to radical media (Downing, 2001), citizens' media (Rodriguez, 2001, or progressive and participatory alternative media (Atton, 2007). The term is also frequently used as a strategic self-definition by populist and far-right actors online, pointing to mainstream media as its main adversary (Harcup, 2005;Holt et al., 2019). ...
Political communication has taken new and complex forms within the contemporary hybrid media system. In this article, we examine how political campaigning that draws on television news forms utilises the increasingly blurred boundaries between news journalism and politics online. We assess the digital television news channel Riks, which during the 2022 national election was operated by the Sweden Democrats party and distributed via YouTube. Deploying a mixed-methods approach, we analysed all videos published by Riks four weeks prior to the election. Results show that Riks blends descriptive, interpretative, and outrage genres, and strategically frames the most important political issues of the election campaign in favour of the party’s policies. Hence, the study contributes to political communication scholarship by emphasising how news has become an integral part of strategic party communication, challenging established scholarly conceptualisations of alternative media and hyperpartisan news.
... A menudo la referencia a los medios comunitarios suele aparecer en relación directa con otras categorías, generalmente más difusas como son "medios alternativos" (Atton, 2001), "medios participativos" (Servaes, 1999;Gumucio Dagron, 2001), "medios ciudadanos" (Rodríguez, 2001), del "tercer sector" García García, 2015) o "medios radicales" (Downing, 2001). ...
La discusión académica en torno a la sostenibilidad en los medios de comunicación ha evolucionado mucho recientemente, sobre todo en torno a los medios alternativos, comunitarios y del Tercer Sector. Frente al enfoque economicista de los análisis de la sostenibilidad de los medios comerciales y de la evaluación de los medios públicos en relación con la influencia del poder político, los medios comunitarios han movilizado una concepción de la sostenibilidad que considera aspectos como la estructura organizativa, la diversidad de los equipos de trabajo o el equilibrio medioambiental. El presente artículo se acerca al vídeo participativo como práctica comunitaria para explorar los patrones de sostenibilidad que éste pone en juego. Se parte de una amplia revisión bibliográfica en torno a la sostenibilidad en los medios comunitarios, así como de un análisis crítico de la literatura disponible en torno al vídeo participativo. A nivel empírico, se examina el caso de estudio de InsightShare, una organización de origen británico que constituye una referencia en la práctica del vídeo participativo. El texto concluye que la sostenibilidad de InsightShare se articula en torno a la priorización de las relaciones comunitarias, tanto en lo que respecta al funcionamiento de la propia organización como en relación con los proyectos en los que la misma participa. La capacidad de InsightShare para desarrollar su misión en circunstancias distintas y el papel jugado en la articulación de experiencias autónomas representan un ejemplo de buenas prácticas en lo que respecta a la concepción de la sostenibilidad en sentido amplio.
... Esta notable diversidad de temas y abordajes reflejan la capacidad del movimiento por la paz catalán, especialmente a partir de la campaña anti-OTAN y el trabajo sostenido sobre la cultura de paz, de integrar otras luchas y cuestiones de actualidad (Montoliu, 2015;Oliveres, 2016;Prat, 2006a). En concreto, las categorías 2 y 11 prueban que se desarrolló la «comunicación lateral» (Downing, 2001) propia de los medios radicales: las organizaciones por la paz incidían, «desde las páginas de sus publicaciones», en el fomento de «la relación con otros movimientos sociales y alternativos» incorporando sus temas de interés (Ordás, 2019: 301). ...
El presente artículo describe y caracteriza las publicaciones periódicas editadas por el movimiento por la paz de Cataluña, uno de los más importantes de su historia contemporánea. El movimiento ha generado 81 cabeceras a lo largo de más de un siglo. Se trata de un objeto de estudio inédito para la historiografía de la prensa catalana, de la cual se toma la técnica de la hemerografía descriptiva para recopilar los datos para la caracterización de las publicaciones, la identificación de los focos temáticos y la formulación de cuatro subtipos de prensa pacifista y antimilitarista. Así, se detectan hasta doce temáticas diferentes, lo que demuestra el notable espectro de cuestiones tratadas por el movimiento por la paz. A su vez, esta diversidad es plasmada en órganos de expresión, revistas de divulgación, publicaciones periodísticas y fanzines. Los resultados del estudio muestran que la edición de prensa ha sido una actividad sostenida del movimiento por la paz catalán y que se trata de un fenómeno comunicativo complejo, reflejo de la multiplicidad de inquietudes y colectivos que constituyen el pacifismo y el antimilitarismo.
... 171). Barsotti (2021) Um dos estudos fundadores da mídia alternativa é o de Downing (2001), que prefere utilizar o termo "mídia alternativa radical" . Downing introduz o conceito de "mídia alternativa radical" para definir as mídias de pequena escala e de diversos formatos que expressam "uma alternativa a visões, políticas, prioridades e perspectivas hegemônicas" (2001, p. V). ...
RESUMO – Este artigo, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica, discute como o ativismo está presente no jornalismo ambiental desde seus primórdios, no último quarto do século XX. A partir do acompanhamento dos estudos na área no âmbito do Grupo de Pesquisa Jornalismo Ambiental, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, e da produção jornalística voltada para o meio ambiente, realizada pelo Observatório de Jornalismo Ambiental, discorre sobre o desenvolvimento da atividade no Brasil sob a perspectiva do ativismo. A oposição diante das injustiças ambientais fez dessa perspectiva jornalística uma prática engajada e, por isso, muitas vezes menosprezada pelo campo por romper com a suposta objetividade ou neutralidade. Dentre os resultados, apontamos uma maior abertura para a defesa da natureza, seja em razão da intensificação da crise climática, seja pelas transformações que ocorrem no âmbito jornalístico, como a valorização das subjetividades. ABSTRACT – This article is based on bibliographical research and discusses the presence of activism in environmental journalism since its beginnings (the last quarter of the 20th century). This study discusses the development of activism in Brazil based on studies in the field from the Environmental Journalism Research Group at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, and environmental news produced by the Environmental Journalism Observatory. The opposition to environmental injustices makes this journalistic perspective an engaged practice that is often overlooked by the field as it breaks from the supposed objectivity or neutrality. Among the results, we highlight a greater openness to the defense of nature, either because of the intensification of the climate crisis or because of the changes that occur in the journalistic field, such as the appreciation of subjectiveness. RESUMEN – Este artículo, basado en una investigación bibliográfica, analiza cómo el activismo ha estado presente en el periodismo ambiental desde sus inicios, en el último cuarto del siglo XX. A partir del acompañamiento de diferentes investigaciones en el ámbito del Grupo de Investigación en Periodismo Ambiental, de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, y de la producción periodística enfocada en medio ambiente, realizada por el Observatorio de Periodismo Ambiental, se discute el desarrollo de la actividad en Brasil desde la perspectiva del activismo. La oposición a las injusticias ambientales hizo de esta perspectiva periodística una práctica comprometida y, por tanto, muchas veces ignorada por el campo por romper con la supuesta objetividad o neutralidad. Entre los resultados se destaca un mayor espacio para la defensa de la naturaleza, sea por la crisis climática o por las transformaciones que se dan en el campo periodístico, como la valorización de las subjetividades.
... One of the founding studies of alternative media comes from Downing (2001), who prefers to use the term "radical alternative media". Downing introduces the concept of "radical alternative media" to define small-scale and diverse-format media that express "an alternative to hegemonic visions, policies, priorities and perspectives" (2001, p. V). ...
RESUMO – A objetividade ajudou a consolidar a ideia de que o jornalista deveria ser um observador neutro da realidade. Um dos cânones do jornalismo, a estratégia, método ou ritual sofre críticas desde o século passado, já que os fatos são relatados mediante seleção, hierarquização e interpretação. Marcado por uma atuação pragmática-funcional, o ethos profissional, entretanto, impedia a reflexão acerca das práticas. No século XXI, no entanto, o discurso da objetividade vem sendo cada vez mais questionado, principalmente pelos “novos arranjos” jornalísticos (Nonato et al., 2018), que defendem o engajamento em torno de causas. A hipótese – confirmada pelo artigo – é que tais iniciativas estejam contribuindo para o tensionamento do ethos profissional. No contexto do novo ecossistema jornalístico, a tomada de posição passa a ser um valor a ser perseguido, e não mais uma transgressão deontológica. Para verificá-la, foram entrevistados nove jornalistas desses “novos arranjos”. ABSTRACT – Objectivity helped to consolidate the idea that the journalist should be a neutral observer of reality. One of the canons of journalism, the strategy, method or ritual has been criticized over the last century, since facts are reported through selection, hierarchy and interpretation. The professional ethos, however, has been always marked by a pragmatic-functional performance that prevented reflection on the practices. In the 21st century, however, the discourse of objectivity has been increasingly scrutinised, especially by the “new journalistic arrangements” (Nonato et al., 2018) which advocate commitment to causes. The hypothesis – confirmed by the article – is that these initiatives are helping to put a strain on journalists’ professional ethos. In the context of the new journalistic ecosystem, taking a stand on causes becomes a value to be pursued, and no longer a deontological transgression. To verify it, nine journalists of these “new arrangements” were interviewed. RESUMEN – La objetividad ayudó a consolidar la idea de que el periodista debe ser un observador neutral de la realidad. Uno de los cánones del periodismo, la estrategia, método o ritual ha sido criticado desde el siglo pasado, ya que los hechos son informados a través de la selección, jerarquía e interpretación. Marcado por una actuación pragmático-funcional, el ethos profesional impidió la reflexión sobre las prácticas. En el siglo XXI, sin embargo, el discurso de la objetividad se ha visto cada vez más cuestionado, especialmente por los “nuevos arreglos periodísticos” (Nonato et al., 2018), que abogan por causas. La hipótesis – confirmada por el artículo – es que estas iniciativas están contribuyendo a la tensión del ethos profesional. En el contexto del nuevo ecosistema periodístico, tomar partido se convierte en un valor a perseguir, y ya no en una transgresión deontológica. Para comprobarlo, se entrevistó a nueve periodistas de estos “nuevos arreglos”.
... In his seminal work on alternative media, John Downing reminds us that the problematic category of "alternative" always presupposes something it is alternative to (Downing, Villarreal Ford, Gil, and Stein 2001). The question then becomes one of ferreting out what the alternative is in a world that seems to be full of alternatives (even within what is generally referred to as the mainstream). ...
Este artículo parte de la escasa recepción crítica en castellano de la serie documental y el libro Ways of Seeing (WoS, 1972) y se aparta de las interpretaciones preponderantes anglosajonas para argumentar que su relevancia no se debería tanto a su temática como a haber retado la propiedad de las obras de arte y la autoridad académica mediante el asalto audiovisual al canon artístico. A diferencia de otras propuestas, WoS no habría recurrido a la televisión para afianzar el relato académico del arte, sino que habría encontrado en la mediación audiovisual la posibilidad de desligar sus imágenes de la autoridad de los expertos y la propiedad de las élites para favorecer experiencias heterodoxas. Esto se sustentará a) reconstruyendo el argumento que se ofrece en WoS respecto a cómo la audiovisualización cuestionaría la propiedad y autoridad de las imágenes del arte; b) relacionando su invitación a asaltar el canon artístico con los debates posteriores a 1968 en el trabajo de Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Oskar Negt y Alexander Kluge; y, c) inscribiendo WoS en un intento más amplio de conformación de una contraesfera pública que disputaría el orden legal y material de la “propiedad intelectual” que regulaba las mediaciones audiovisuales en el periodo.
Chile is one of the most developed countries in Latin America, and yet its success has not prevented the development of sophisticated forms of media capture. Ties between the political and business elites, forged during Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship (1973–1990), have endured during democratic transition, shaping the country’s public communication sphere for decades. Seminal studies indicate a powerful covert ideological influence of the elites over decision-making and occasional forms of overt corporate and state patronage (Mönckeberg 2009; Ruiz-Tagle 2011; Sunkel and Geoffroy 2002). This chapter explores what these media capture trends mean for Chilean environmental and LGBTI+ activist groups, and what they do to challenge this capture with the use of different digital media. It finds that most of these groups feel invisible, misrepresented, and damaged in the mainstream news media coverage, and use social networking sites to overcome lack of journalistic attention and create their own activist media.
This chapter argues for approaching citizen produced media content as data, rather than journalism. It does so by drawing on a case study of the January 6 insurrection in the United States, which was widely documented by its participants. The chapter finds that mainstream journalists as well as ordinary people horrified at the attack on their government used the citizen media content as data to investigate and archive evidence of the attempted coup. The chapter ends with a look at the ways citizen data has increasingly become the source of conspiracy theories.
This paper discusses the role that communication and media practices play for housing social movements, exploring the intersections between unjust communication landscapes and the struggles for housing justice. It is part of a wider research project, ‘Civic media for housing rights: lessons from struggles against evictions in São
Paulo and Lagos’. These reflections draw on the experiences of housing social movements of these two cities to explore the ways in which communication practices expand grassroots capabilities to advance housing justice.
Climate change is most acutely experienced at the local level so conversations and action must be locally relevant. Australia's community radio sector is uniquely positioned – both as hyperlocal media and a platform for diverse voices – to facilitate these conversations. Drawing on research conducted with 12 community radio stations, this article enlists Dreher and de Souza’s idea of community radio as community ‘listening posts’: spaces for communities to engage with external groups as well as those within. Community radio stations present opportunities for political leaders and policymakers to access community sentiment and experiences of climate change. The role of listening in community radio also speaks to the relationships between communicative justice and climate justice – the politics of who speaks and who is heard. The findings suggest that the Australian sector and its global contemporaries could embrace the role of listening with community radio to support community resilience to climate change.
The chapter gives an overview of the history of the most important figures and concepts in the sociology of music. As in any history of human thought, the interpretations are closely linked to different epistemologies and vocabularies. For this reason, the histories for each subchapter are in some cases accompanied by lengthy citations that provide a—hopefully appealing—historical patina.
This article explores journalism cooperatives, a sub-field of journalism practice and a type of news organization that is becoming more popular as an organizational option in journalism internationally. While other non-traditional ways of funding and producing news – such as non-profit media or crowdfunding initiatives – receive growing attention from journalism researchers, cooperative enterprises remain largely neglected. This study develops an inventory of 29 such news outlets in Europe, North America, and South America. It presents a portrait of the cooperative field in journalism in terms of founding year, geographic location, linguistic tendencies, and cooperative sub-types. Second, based on an analysis of the official websites of seven of these cooperatives, the article describes the revenue sources, workforce, governance structures, and missions of such needs-rather than profit-driven news outlets. The study finds that their organizational traits oscillate between alternative media, non-profit media, and mainstream media attributes. However, in addition, journalism cooperatives possess a unique feature, namely internal democratic governance mechanisms, which have the potential to increase public trust in the news media. Moreover, for the seven cooperatives investigated here, this potential is enhanced further as they assign a key role to audiences as owners, managers, and funders of the organization (they are either reader-owned or co-owned by journalists and readers). I argue that the results of this exploratory study on journalism cooperatives, together with existing research on news non-profits, invite us to consider that the social economy might be a better default home for journalism than the capitalist marketplace.
In this article, we examine recent changes in Western media landscapes that witnessed the emergence of alternative conspiracy media critiquing the epistemic hegemony of legacy media, and explore ways to analyze whether they contribute to or hinder democratic discourse. This pressing question depends not only on the empirical manifestations of such media outlets, but also on the ideal conceptualization of media pluralism, which is contingent upon the preferred democratic theory. In this article, we draw from and build upon the work of Daniëlle Raeijmaekers and Pieter Maeseele, and develop a framework to systematically compare media practices against different democratic ideals/theories. We conceptualize a set of criteria that are crucial for the functioning of democracy given each democratic line of thought. Focusing on the three most important contemporary schools – liberal, deliberative, and agonistic – we argue that evaluations of media practices should consider three concepts especially important for media’s functioning in democracy: actor diversity, discursive diversity, and epistemological diversity. We have developed a comparative framework designed for systematic evaluations of media practices, assessing their contribution to media pluralism. This framework may be useful for scholars and media practitioners when assessing the democratic potential of new alternative (conspiracy) media.
El texto define el tercer sector como un objeto a cuyo análisis contribuyen distintas disciplinas y cuyo origen se sitúa dentro de los debates sobre las organizaciones sin fines de lucro y de la economía social. Aplicado a la comunicación, se estudian las diferencias respecto a los medios públicos y comerciales y se reflexiona sobre los desafíos del tercer sector de los medios para la promoción de los derechos humanos y los objetivos del desarrollo sostenible (ODS).
Este capítulo analiza las características de la comunicación generada a través de Internet. Inicialmente se explican los vectores de cambio producidos por la digitalización, para después centrarse en los orígenes de Internet y su funcionamiento, que en buena medida continúan predeterminando la naturaleza de su comunicación. Se observa la evolución de Internet vinculada con el desarrollo de las características de dicha comunicación: disociación del soporte: hipertextualidad; ruptura de las limitaciones espaciotemporales; carácter multimedia; e interactividad. Todo ello configura un modelo de comunicación claramente diferenciado, y en algunos aspectos contrapuesto, del modelo tradicional de comunicación de masas.
Este capítulo analiza los géneros dentro del periodismo digital, con las similitudes y diferencias que se observan en los últimos años respecto a las clasificaciones tradicionales. Además, se exponen algunas claves e indicaciones para hacer más efectiva la tarea de elaborar y presentar contenidos de forma atractiva en los diarios web, con especial atención al diseño de las portadas de los medios digitales y las particularidades de los soportes utilizados. De la misma manera, se aborda también la integración adecuada de distintos elementos (hipervínculos, imágenes, videos...) dentro de las informaciones. También se realiza en este capítulo una aproximación a los mecanismos para posicionar las noticias en los buscadores.
Este capítulo profundiza en las características del periodista digital y alerta sobre la precariedad en el sector derivada de la inmediatez y los bajos salarios, pese a la existencia de nuevos perfiles que han empezado a disponer de espacio en las empresas informativas. Por otro lado, se hace un breve recorrido histórico sobre la evolución de los medios digitales en España, con especial atención a la triple crisis del periodismo derivada de los problemas económicos mundiales a partir de 2007-2008. Además, se analizan los distintos modelos de negocio dentro del periodismo digital en la actualidad y las nuevas estrategias de endurecimiento de los muros de pago que se han producido en España en los últimos años.
El último capítulo de este manual aborda la implementación en periodismo de las tecnologías con un desarrollo más reciente. La inteligencia artificial y la robotización impulsan la automatización en el periodismo tanto a nivel productivo o editorial. El uso de grandes masas de datos, así como de dispositivos receptores de información contextual, abre nuevas posibilidades para el análisis y la presentación de información compleja. La cadena de bloques presenta posibilidades para la transparencia y la verificación de noticias, así como para la generación de modelos de negocio basados en micropagos. En conclusión, el periodismo digital es una disciplina que se adapta a las tecnologías emergentes, las cuales definen la construcción noticiosa y el consumo de contenido periodístico actual y de ámbito global.
El capítulo describe la transformación del ecosistema mediático ligada al uso de las plataformas comerciales más amplias. Los modelos de negocio basados en la recopilación de datos promueven el fomento de la interacción, la fragmentación de la comunicación y la polarización del debate. En el caso de los medios de comunicación, este contexto plantea nuevas prácticas productivas. La curación de contenidos propone formas de gestión de la información ante la sobreabundancia. El posicionamiento en buscadores resulta fundamental para la visibilidad mediática. En término generales, la interacción y participación de las audiencias en medios digitales redefine su rol, e implica el desarrollo de estrategias para captar y fidelizar usuarios.
This study investigates the pivotal role of satellite television in shaping political discourse and mobilization in middle southern Thailand, a region perceived for its strong monarchical loyalty and Buddhist conservative ethos. Employing qualitative analysis of participant interviews and media content, this research examines how satellite television networks like ASTV and Blue Sky TV have influenced political engagement within the People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD) and the People’s Democratic Reform Committee (PDRC) movements. The findings reveal that satellite television has actively shaped political engagement by deepening political awareness, mobilizing previously disengaged population segments, and fostering a communal identity that aligns with royal-nationalist sentiments. The study highlights the critical role of media technology in promoting narratives that reinforce traditional power and monarchist values, underscoring its continued significance in the context of southern Thailand. It aims to contribute to current media studies by illustrating how specific form of media technology can serve as a tool in shaping political campaigns and identity formation in the region where consumed by distinct cultural and ideological orientations.
The declaration of victory for the presidential and vice presidential candidates Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Uno before the KPU centrally counted and officially announced the vote acquisition became interesting material to be constructed into the news.. However, the result of news construction carried out by the media differ from one another. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with a framing approach to the Robert N. Entman model. The results show that Kompas.com defines Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Uno's declaration of victory as a unilateral victory claim with an estimated source of trouble (causal interpretation) of the results of the BPN internal vote count and evidence of fraudulent efforts in various regions. From a moral evaluation point of view, this is an inappropriate decision. The Prabowo-Sandiaga pair need to wait for the official results from the KPU and have legally protested to the court although in the end they could not change the result of the winner of the 2019 Presidential Election. Meanwhile, Cnnindonesia.com sees (problem identification) the incident as a morality problem with an estimate of the source of the problem. (causal interpretation) which is the same as Kompas.com. From a moral evaluation point of view, the Prabowo-Sandiaga camp does not believe in the 2019 Presidential Election voting process. Therefore, the recommended solution is to wait for the KPU's official results and file a procedural lawsuit regarding evidence of fraud. The direction of framing that was built by both Kompas.com and Cnnindonesia.com both directed the event to an unwise decision.Deklarasi kemenangan pasangan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Uno sebelum KPU secara terpusat menghitung dan mengumumkan perolehan suara menjadi bahan yang menarik untuk dikonstruksi ke dalam berita. Namun demikian, hasil konstruksi berita yang dilakukan oleh media berbeda satu sama lain. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan framing model Robert N. Entman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kompas.com mendefinisikan deklarasi kemenangan Prabowo Subianto-Sandiaga Uno sebagai klaim kemenangan sepihak dengan perkiraan sumber masalah (causal interpretation) hasil penghitungan suara pihak internal BPN dan ditemukannya bukti usaha kecurangan di berbagai daerah. Dari sisi moral evaluation, hal tersebut merupakan keputusan yang kurang tepat. Pasangan Prabowo-Sandiaga perlu menunggu hasil resmi dari KPU dan telah melakukan protes secara hukum ke pengadilan meski pada akhirnya tidak bisa merubah hasil pemenang Pemilu Presiden 2019. Sementara itu, Cnnindonesia.com melihat (problem identification) peristiwa tersebut sebagai permasalah moralitas dengan perkiraan sumber masalah (causal interpretation) yang sama dengan Kompas.com. Dari sisi moral evaluation, kubu Prabowo-Sandiaga tidak percaya pada proses pelaksanaan pemungutan suara Pemilu Presiden 2019. Oleh sebab itu, penyelesaian yang direkomendasikan adalah menunggu hasil resmi KPU dan melakukan gugatan prosedural terkait adanya bukti kecurangan. Arah framing yang dibangun baik Kompas.com maupun Cnnindonesia.com sama-sama mengarahkan peristiwa tersebut pada keputusan yang kurang bijakasana.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana komunitas Gresik Movie bisa eksis melalui program-program yang dilakukan, dan perannya terhadap budaya lokal. Jenis Penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi pustaka. Pengamatan langsung dilakukan di lapangan, wawancara mendalam dilakukan langsung dengan pendiri komunitas, sedangkan studi pustaka dari beberapa dokumen yang ada di media online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas Gresik Movie bisa bertahan sampai berusia satu dekade lebih, serta melalui program-program yang diselenggarakan selalu disisipkan budaya lokal di dalamnya. Informasi dari pengumpulan data, disebutkan bahwa ada beberapa program sebagai upaya mengangkat budaya lokal diantaranya adalah Sapa Sinema (program screening film di kampung-kampung), Gresik Short Movie Competition, Seminar/ Sarasehan Film, Pameran Karya Seni (baik seni rupa atau pertunjukan), Lokakarya/ pelatihan Pembuatan Film, dan Festival Budaya.
The media are core to the successful functioning of democracy. They are responsible for scrutinizing state institutions. The media, thus, must remain independent of political control and power elites seeking to shape public consciousness. Nonetheless, historical precedents of political censorship and the high concentration of media ownership in Latin America have prevented the media from exercising its accountability duties. Information and communication technology (ICT) has recently enabled alternative media outlets to increase their reach in recent years. In contrast to traditional media, alternative media seek to challenge the status quo and engage in causes of social or political change. By analyzing traditional and alternative media coverage of a social tragedy in Guatemala, this study contributes to the ICT for development literature by showing how alternative media can leverage ICT to create accountability through frame diversification. The concept of frame diversification advanced in this study recognizes the possibilities enabled by ICT for disseminating views that break from the “culture of silence” that has historically permeated the media in Latin American countries like Guatemala.
Çağdaş medya ekosistemindeki yeni güç hiyerarşileri ve yoğunlaşma biçimleri, çoğulculuk tartışmalarına medya ekonomisi ve teknoloji boyutunu katmıştır. İçerik ve seslerdeki aşırı bolluk, alternatif medyanın bir alt grubu olan topluluk yayıncılığının kamusal görünürlüğünü olumsuz etkilemekte, iletişimsel gücün dağılımında eşitsizliklere neden olmaktadır. Medya işletmelerinin ekonomik yapısı, nasıl gelir elde ettiği ve nereye kullandığı medyanın demokratik çoğulculuğa katkısı açısından önemlidir. Dünyada topluluk radyoculuğu kendini finanse edebilmek için topluluk katılımını tüm değer zincirlerinde etkin şekilde kullanmalıdır. 28 yıldır topluluk yayıncılığını kitlesel fonlama ile sürdüren Açık Radyo’nun Türkiye şartlarından yola çıkılarak ele alınması bu nedenle önemlidir. Araştırmada bir sosyal gerçeklik olan Açık Radyo’yu ekonomi-politik çerçevede anlamlandırmak ve medyanın demokratik çoğulculuğuna etkilerini çözümlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma amacı kapsamında radyonun örgütsel yapısı; bağımsızlığında merkezi rol oynayan gelir ve iş modeli, çoklu platformlarda gerçekleşen ilişkisel emek süreci, çoğulcu demokrasi ve kar amacı gütmeyen yayıncılığa katkıları açısından incelenmiştir. Örnek olay Açık Radyo’nun örgütsel yapısı ve dijital medyadaki konumu, kamusal görünürlük ve fonlamaya etkileri doküman analizi yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır. Yeni teknolojik eşik bekçileri olan algoritmalar ve yapay zeka(AI) uygulamaları, alternatif medyanın kendini görünür kılmasını zorlaştırdığından iletişimsel gücün dağılımını da kapsaması gereken çoğulculuk ve dijital kamusal görünürlük ilişkisi ilişkisel emek teorisiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada çoğulculuğa etkisi ve ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik temalarında Açık Radyo’yu özgün kılan bulgulara ve Barabasi’nin ölçekten bağımsız ağ kuramını doğrulayan sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.
History has witnessed the biggest protest led by farmers of India against the three farm laws introduced by the BJP (Bhartiya Janta Party) government in September 2020. Farmers began a peaceful protest on the borders of the national capital Delhi, to demand withdrawal of three farm laws since they feared it would worsen their livelihood. On the 72nd Indian Republic Day (26th January 2021), farmers decided to execute a tractor march in Delhi which escalated into violence as a result of clashes between the Delhi Police and the protestors. The tractor rally became the news headline with media houses either supporting or publishing negative stories about the events of Republic Day. The violent outbreak also brought hatred towards the Sikh community for perpetrating violence. The farmers from the Sikh community were falsely labeled as supporters of Khalistan movement, who wanted to spread terror and anti-national elements through protest. Media outlets published their versions of the truth about the violence, misleading the audience against the protest and the Sikh community. The media coverage backed by the power holders of the nation stirred controversy and raised questions about the democracy and freedom of speech in India. This research compares the articles printed about the Republic Day violence by mainstream media versus the alternative media sources by conducting critical discourse analysis on text of the published news.
lectric vehicles represent a paradigm shift in transportation, offering a clean, quiet, and environmentally friendly mode of travel. India, as a significant market for electric vehicles, aims to become a predominantly electric vehicle-driven nation by 2030, marking a remarkable endeavor toward sustainability. The global automotive landscape reflects a growing trend towards electric mobility, with nearly every major manufacturer incorporating electric vehicles into their product lineup. This widespread acceptance underscores the increasing demand for eco-friendly transportation options worldwide. Governments worldwide have implemented various policies to promote electric mobility, with encouraging results. However, achieving India's ambitious goal requires a comprehensive policy framework aimed at phasing out fuel run vehicles and incentivizing the adoption of electric vehicles. To expedite the transition, policies should discourage the further proliferation of traditional gas vehicles while introducing initiatives to facilitate the widespread acceptance of electric vehicles. This includes the implementation of schemes to make electric vehicles more accessible and appealing to consumers. While the journey towards widespread adoption of electric vehicles is ambitious and challenging, with concerted policy efforts, it is indeed achievable. The implementation of effective policies and incentives is crucial in realizing India's vision of becoming an electric vehicle-centric nation by 2030. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the factors influencing consumer acceptance of electric vehicles. By synthesizing existing literature and empirical research, the study seeks to shed light on the socio-economic, psychological, and technological determinants that shape consumer attitudes and behaviors towards EV adoption. Key words: E-vehicle, e-mobility, Consumer Attitude, Psychological Factors, Charging infrastructure.
En este texto quiero poner en discusión dos perspectivas de transformación social que, aunque parecen muy distantes entre sí, comparten puntos de encuentro sobre los problemas que acontecen en la sociedad actual y su modo de transformación: la teoría crítica y la comunalidad. En este sentido, propongo como el centro del análisis el examen del trabajo como categoría central de ambas propuestas, para después pensar las formas de organización de la vida colectiva, la relación con el territorio y las maneras de expresión de la lucha como aquellos elementos de encuentro entre ambas posturas.
Nordic countries have experienced an upsurge of partisan alternative media positioning themselves as correctives of the mainstream, but only little is known about how many and who uses them. Building on original survey data from a representative sample of the adult Danish population ( n = 2,455), this article presents the first study of the use of left-wing and right-wing alternative media in Denmark. Findings show that users are generally more likely to be older, male, and live in disadvantaged parts of the country, but that alternative media appeal across all levels of education and urban–rural divides. Results also show positive associations with use of national dailies and high political interest. Furthermore, use of alternative media is associated with taking ideological positions further to the left or right. Yet, the findings do not indicate that users generally take extreme positions. This study thus adds considerable nuance to the picture of alternative news users and also finds that alternative media with different degrees of alternativeness attract similar users.
This chapter offers a reflective argument that seeks to address some current salient features of Sámi journalism within the wider Sámi mediascape, and from this to develop a speculative research outline. We will move from a descriptive account of some features of the Sámi media to outline a related research prospectus that might identify some priorities for future practical and theoretical analysis.
This paper examined news reports published by a Swedish alternative newspaper in connection with the Black Lives Matter demonstrations in June 2020. The primary objective was to assess the role of strategic employment of distinctive linguistic features in shaping a portrayal of the protests through implications of threat, fear, and xenophobia. As the results indicate, the characteristics that contribute the most to such a depiction consistently involve an ominous vision of the spatial and ideological proximity of external entities and values to the in-group (‘us’). These findings are related to the particulars of the corpus, as the purpose of news reports is to create a sense of immediacy and reduce distance. However, since the goal of alternative news is to appeal to readers’ sensibilities in critical areas of their lives, despite masquerading as traditional media, these outlets tend to communicate threat and concern rather than a reliable picture of reality.
Radical left culture and heritage—understood as incarnations of leftist artefacts and praxis both past and present—have taken risks in challenging hegemonic machinations often when it is unpopular to do so. To the ire of hegemons, leftist projects across the globe have marshalled places, spaces, and technologies into sites of empowerment and struggle utilising ‘small’ and ‘big’ acts of resistance and critical interventions to champion social justice—sometimes successfully, and at other times, less so. However, the preservation of projects’ artefacts, praxis, and memory work has been anything but straightforward, owing primarily to institutional politics and infrastructural and resourcing issues. Taking The Freedom Archives (FA) as a case study, this article explores how FA is preserving the distinctive political education programme that underpinned the iconic liberation struggle in Guinea-Bissau that kickstarted the seismic, global decolonisation project in the late 1950s. The article argues that FA could substantially enhance the preservation and memorialisation of that programme in the Metaverse—if this materialises as a fully open, interoperable, and highly immersive space (1) unfettered by hegemonic regulation, and (2) characterised by ‘strategic witnessing’, ‘radical recordkeeping’, and user agency. In doing so, FA would serve as an exemplar for leftist projects globally.
Anthropologists in the 1920s and 1930s tended to see radio as a distraction from the core mission of studying “traditional” cultures. They ignored or disparaged the radio sets that they encountered in their fieldwork. Meanwhile in Europe at this time there was a lively debate among philosophers and other commentators about radio. Radio broadcasting played an important role in World War II. After the war, policy scientists in the United States considered it a valuable tool for national development in Africa, the Middle East, and India. Radio had been used in European colonies for administration and propaganda. It was equally suited for anticolonial struggles and movements for fundamental social change.
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