Good Governance, Democratic Societies and Globalisation
... According to the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (2002:2), good governance implies an efficient and predictable public sector incorporating participation and the rule of law, i.e., with the characteristics of democratic governance. Munshi and Biju (2004) refers good governance to a participative manner of governing that functions in a responsible way based on the principles of efficiency, legitimacy and consensus for the purpose of promoting the rights of individual citizens and the public interest, thus indicating the exercise of political will for ensuring the material welfare of society and sustainable development with social justice. Good governance can be equated to democratic governance. ...
This paper was undertaken to identify a broad overview of the current state of governance and good governance practices in the land of thousand hills (Rwanda), taking into account the principles of good governance such as safety and rule of law; citizens’ participation in governance and human rights; sustainable economic opportunity; human development; equity; control of corruption; and transparency and accountability in governance. It adopted a descriptive research design with both qualitative and quantitative data from the secondary sources such as Mo Ibrahim Foundation reports, Rwanda Governance Board scorecards, and Institute of Research and Dialogue for Peace (IRDP) documents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentage distribution, bar charts and Pie charts. Concerning the state of governance, despite poor governance characterised the country in the after independence period which resulted into genocide against Tutsi in 1994, Rwanda has improved on the state of governance in the aftermath. Currently, it is recorded among the best performers in terms of governance in most of the dimensions of good governance not only in Africa but also worldwide.
Keywords: Governance, principles of good governance, land of thousand hills, human rights.
... It also emphasizes that all citizens should be granted access to government agencies or bodies in a timely and easy manner and they should have participated in the decision-making process of those bodies. According to Munshi (2004), good governance "signifies a participative manner of governing that functions in a responsible, accountable and transparent manner based on the principles of efficiency, legitimacy, and consensus for the purpose of promoting the rights of individual citizens and the public interest. Thus, good governance indicates the exercise of political will for ensuring the material welfare of society and sustainable development with social justice." ...
This chapter is about the concept governance as a continuous discourse in public administration.
... 4 Nota-se, portanto, que os processos de análise e decisão de um ato de concentração são orientados por uma preocupação latente das autoridades antitruste sobre a regulação da disputa das empresas por mercado, o bem-estar dos consumidores e a vitalidade das economias (CADE, 2007). Os governos interagem e negociam com um número grande de atores, bem como devem servir interesses muito diversos (STIGLER, 1971;SPILLER, 1990;MINTZBERG, 1996;EVANS;SALINGER, 2002;SETH, 2004;RASIAH et al., 2010;DICKEN, 2011). Por isso, os reguladores antitruste estão imersos em um ambiente conflituoso, controverso e contencioso (LAWRENCE; ABRAMSON, 1 Por reguladores da autoridade antitruste entendem-se agentes públicos -conselheiros, presidentes e outras designações -que compõem tribunais, painéis ou plenários de votação e dispõem de poderes para julgar atos de concentração e casos de conduta em um conselho administrativo ou agência reguladora cuja missão abrange a prevenção e a repressão às infrações contra a ordem econômica. ...
O presente estudo examina os determinantes das decisões sobre atos de concentração no Brasil, com ênfase nos fatores relacionados às capacidades do Cade. A partir de uma amostra composta por 5.091 fusões ou aquisições, bem como 30.543 votos de 36 membros do conselho que decidiram o futuro das transações, modelos econométricos Probit Ordenado produziram as seguintes evidências: (i) experiência predominante de trabalho no setor público afeta a probabilidade de níveis elevados de intervenção da autoridade antitruste; (ii) quanto maior for o capital humano dos reguladores ou menor for o número de votos considerados em uma decisão, maior deverá ser a probabilidade de altos níveis de intervenção nos negócios privados; e (iii) formação acadêmica preponderante em Direito também tende a aumentar a probabilidade de intervenção. Quanto à importância desses achados, destaca-se a necessidade de que a lei antitruste (i) contemple mais que o notório saber jurídico ou econômico, a reputação ilibada e a idade mínima no que tange aos critérios para nomeações de reguladores; (ii) garanta o equilíbrio na distribuição de perfis dos profissionais que atuam no painel votante e, finalmente; (iii) seja menos flexível no que diz respeito ao tamanho do painel votante que legitima uma decisão.
... Hofstede (1994) reveals that Asian societies are collectivistic societies, which concern for much wider group and emphasize belongingness that can extend to organizations. Senaratne and Gunaratne (2007a) find that the ultimate controlling shareholder in most Sri Lankan companies is an individual or a family as in most other Asian countries (Claessens et al. 2000;Bhattacharyya 2004). The key aspect associated with the family ownership is that it leads to the majority of directorships in these companies being held by the family members and the transferring the management of these companies from one generation to another of the controlling shareholder family. ...
This paper examines governance and the challenges of human security in Nigeria. Governance
issues are closely linked to the empowerment of people and communities which is the core of
human security. Presently, most Nigerian families are living below poverty level. Graduate
unemployment is increasing at a geometrical progression. People are losing their jobs, poverty
rate is on the increase, and hunger is multiplying. Infrastructures are decaying. Simply put,
human security is under severe threat in Nigeria. It is against this background that this paper xrays
governance and the challenges of human security in Nigeria. Nigeria returned to democratic
rule in 1999 after many years of military dictatorship. There was high expectation that the return
to democracy will lead to improved condition of the ordinary citizens but the reverse is the case.
The paper therefore examines how the twin problems of inadequate infrastructure and corruption
hinder governance and human security in the country. Documentary method was used to gather
data for the work. We adopted the theory of constructivism as a framework of analysis. The
findings of the paper show that human security has been endangered by the nature and character
of governance in the country, and that the inadequacy of infrastructures and corruption has
negatively affected the security of the human being in the country. The paper therefore
concluded that government has greater responsibility of ridding itself of corruption, and
recommends that government should focus greater efforts on infrastructures, the fight against
corruption and ensuring peace between farmers and herders in the country.
Key words: Governance, Good Governance, Human Security, Infrastructure, Corruption.
The principal goal of the article is to assess the quality of governance (QG) in the EU–28 over the period 2004–2020. It also examines the relationship between QG and FDI inward stock as a % of GDP. The study has been divided into five stages. The first one, based on the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), attempts to identify countries that represent similar levels of institutional quality. Based on this criterion and using clustering methods, we divided the EU Member States into four groups. In the second step, we used the values of the synthetic index of QG to compare the level of institutional quality among the Member States between 2004 and 2020. The third step assesses FDI as a % of GDP in the Member States. Due to substantial differences, we divided them into four groups, arranged in ascending order of FDI as a % of GDP. In the fourth stage of the analysis, we examined the relationship between FDI as a share of GDP and groups of countries with similar QG. Finally, we examined the relevance of six individual dimensions of governance for FDI inflows in the EU–28 countries. The study demonstrates that the EU Member States differ significantly regarding the overall QG measured with the WGI. The results of the statistical analysis allow us to positively verify the hypothesis about a positive relationship between QG and the inflow of FDI. The most important partial variable is regulatory quality. The added value of this article comes from grouping the EU–28 based on the similarity of their quality of governance (measured by six dimensions of governance) and demonstrating that it impacts FDI inflows. We created a synthetic index of governance quality values to compare the level of institutional quality among the Member States between 2004 and 2020.
Communication, media studies, and other social science disciplines are beginning to focus on Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) and e-governance as promising research areas. ICT and e-governance now play a significant part in people’s daily lives and are gradually recognised as key development parameters. The rapid spread of ICT, particularly in developing nations, has attracted the attention of both national and international agencies, who are working to assess its effects and create a roadmap for the successful implementation of ICT and e-governance initiatives
Smartness of the cities we are living in is ultimately more or less about the same as sustainability – our wellbeing, quality of everyday existence which always means living in concordance with nature, respecting others’ rights and protecting our mental and physical health. However, getting into the details of approaching, measuring and reporting progress in the practical implementation of both concepts is indispensable for understanding how "sustainability" and "smart-cities" - as to the rule socioeconomical categories - are intertwined. Both title concepts are defined quantitatively and qualitatively, and presented in various sources. Thus, the aim of the paper is to investigate their relationship in the conceptual sense and from practical point of view, i.e., how they are denoted and reflected by indicators and data. Then the title issue is presented via case research on Polish cities focusing on progress in implementing the smart city concept in this country. Research in Polish cities which is based on the literature and other available resources will elucidate various projects financed from EU funds and focus on projects linking sustainability and city smartness to show how they can be commonly and concurrently realized in practice.
This paper aims to provide a theoretical review of the relationship between public governance and economic growth and establishes future research in this field. In this paper, we discussed six principles of public governance: accountability and transparency, the rule of law, control of corruption, regulatory quality, government effectiveness and equality and inclusiveness.
Liberal küreselleşme politikaları ile gelen birçok değişim, hayatın her alanında görülmektedir. Küreselleşmenin köy haline getirdiği dünyamızda bir yandan ülke sınırlarının ötesinde yeni oluşumlar önem kazanırken, bir yandan da yerel unsurların önem kazandığı görülmektedir. Günümüzün "küreselleşme ve yerelleşme" söyleminde eğitimin de etkilenmesi kaçınılmazdır. 1980'lerde başlayan bu hareketin eğitim reformlarıyla yeniden yapılanma girişimlerinde odak noktası olmuştur. Ekonomik, teknolojik, sosyo-kültürel ve eğitimsel sonuçları olan bu söylemin zaman içinde nasıl şekillendiği, zamanla nasılda birbirine bağımlı hale geldiği ya da getirildiği bu çalışmanın içeriğini oluşturacaktır. Temelde eğitimin küreselleşme sürecinde yerelleşmeye yönelik yaklaşımları içeren bu çalışma yerel ile küresel alanların olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerini ele almaktadır. Giriş Son yıllarda küreselleşme ve yerelleşme kavramları tartışılan popüler temalardan biridir. Ancak, küreselleşme ile yerelleşmeyi anlamlandırma süreci günümüzde daha karmaşık bir hal almıştır. Yerelleşme ile küreselleşmeyi bir etkileşim aracı olarak gören Kloos, yerelleşme ve küreselleşmeyi birbiri ile etkileşim sonucunda ortaya çıkan, olumlu ve olumsuz
A significant level of uniqueness and variability of the carried out tasks compel the management of contemporary organizations to continuously search for methods and concepts allowing to increase flexibility in adapting their organizations to ongoing changes. One of such concepts oriented at increasing the levels of flexibility of an organization is strategy, which up to the end of the last century was used mainly in organizations driven by financial results. Yet the analysis of the phenomena taking place in both the closer and more removed environment of the local administration allows us to observe that these entities, operating under public scrutiny and political pressure, have to face up to increasingly complex requirements regarding the reduction of time spent on the realization of tasks in hand having limited financial resources at their disposal and ensuring the high quality of the services rendered which is possible, among others, due to locating their activities in strategic space. However it should be noted that in order to obtain results expected from the strategy, it is necessary to adjust the level of its advancement to both external and internal conditions, which in turn demands evaluating its strategic maturity. The aim of this article is to present the authors’ proposal of a model for evaluation of strategic maturity of the local government, based on the assumptions of the good governance concept. On the basis of the analysed subject literature, the authors addressed the essence of the concept of good governance, pointed out the role of maturity models in the process of improving an organization and discussed the importance of strategy in the local administration. The demonstrated need for conducting evaluation of the levels of maturity in the strategy of local government, as well as the advisability of including in the process of evaluation the main assumptions of the good governance concept raised in this study, provided the basis for the proposed model of evaluating strategic maturity of the local government.
Good governance is a key element in achieving sustainable development. But how are both concepts linked in the practice of measuring sustainable development? Experts and representatives of the civil society cooperated to define good governance criteria for sustainable development indicators.
Artykuł stanowi przegląd i próbę krytycznej analizy sposobów rozumienia pojęcia dobrego rządzenia. Najpierw przedstawiono różne definicje pojęcia opracowane przez ekspertów organizacji ponadnarodowych, instytucji krajowych oraz naukowców. Następnie wskazano krytykę, z jaką spotkało się good governance traktowane jako koncepcja. Podjęto także próbę określenia uniwersalnej definicji dobrego rządzenia oraz zestawu jego zasad.
Creating a viable judiciary and strengthening its democratic functions has been a main concern of both national governments and donors over the last two decades. This report attempts to chart and systematise the efforts that have gone into the area of judicial reform. That includes various efforts at improving the functioning of a country’s legal system, both in terms of fairness and efficiency. The report places Norwegian development assistance to judicial reform (which is of relatively new date, but of increasing magnitude and importance) in a broader context by systematically looking at how various donors – multinational, governmental, and non-governmental - have operated in this field. The analysis covers which sectors of the judiciary have been targeted for reform and why; what channels have been used; and what the lessons learned so far are. Experiences from Latin America and Africa are highlighted. The case studies of Norwegian assistance to Guatemala and Ethiopia open up for more in-depth reflections on what works and what does not work when external donors set out to help governments reform their judiciaries.
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