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Imaginación, creatividad, diversión e innovación
... Sin embargo, cierto número de estudiantes a nivel del departamento del Cesar, Colombia, según las ICFES [6], demuestran una disyuntiva en la adquisición de competencias académicas en diversas áreas del saber, cabe destacar, que se toma como base este año en particular (2017) debido a que fue el último año en aplicar las pruebas Saber 3, 5 y 9 por el ICFES. En esa instancia, toman relevancia las TIC; "donde al ser aplicadas en la enseñanza-aprendizaje del educando, estos incrementan diversas habilidades como son: la participación, creatividad, invención, innovación, comunicación grupal, elevan la autoestima y, por ende, sienten que su pensamiento creativo y motivación en el aprendizaje aumenta" [7]. ...
Uno de los grandes retos tecnológicos radica en suplir las necesidades de quien lo necesite, a través de técnicas heterogéneas y sistemas que conlleven a la mejora de labores o tareas; por consiguiente, el presente proyecto pretende optimizar la enseñanza-aprendizaje, potenciando las habilidades científicas y el pensamiento creativo; para lo cual, se implementó esta investigación de enfoque cuantitativo y de tipo descriptiva, con el uso de instrumentos diagnósticos, test de creatividad de Torrance, encuesta, entrevista, cuestionarios estructurados y escala de Likert, aplicados a 36 educandos del grado noveno de la Institución Educativa Guillermo León Valencia (COLVALENCIA) de Aguachica – Cesar Colombia. Los análisis de los resultados se plasmaron bajo técnicas de análisis de contenidos. Se comprobó que el 75% de la población objeto de estudio demuestran debilidades en el desarrollo del pensamiento creativo y el 83% en el desarrollo de habilidades científicas en el área de Ciencias Naturales. Por consiguiente, se propone una estrategia didáctica a partir de una plataforma educativa “ChamiloCiences”, mediante recursos educativos digitales. El resultado expuso una experiencia significativa, donde se alcanzó lograr que un 89% de los estudiantes fortalecieran sus habilidades científicas y el pensamiento creativo. Se recomienda que la institución efectúe una reestructuración del Proyecto Educativo Institucinal (PEI) en pro de la inclusión del aprendizaje mediado por TIC, con acompañamiento de recursos digitales; motivando a través del B-learning a ser autodidactas y a formar una autonomía educativa y, de forma paralela, se consiguen ventajas competitivas, para el éxito institucional.
Envisioning the future is intuitively linked to our ability to remember the past. Within the memory system, substantial work has demonstrated the involvement of the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus in representing the past and present. Recent data shows that both the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus encode future trajectories, which are segregated in time by alternating cycles of the theta rhythm. Here, we discuss how information is temporally organized by these brain regions supported by the medial septum, nucleus reuniens, and parahippocampal regions. Finally, we highlight a brain circuit that we predict is essential for the temporal segregation of future scenarios.
Uncontrollable stress has been recognized to influence the hippocampus at various levels of analysis. Behaviorally, human and animal studies have found that stress generally impairs various hippocampal-dependent memory tasks. Neurally, animal studies have revealed that stress alters ensuing synaptic plasticity and firing properties of hippocampal neurons. Structurally, human and animal studies have shown that stress changes neuronal morphology, suppresses neuronal proliferation, and reduces hippocampal volume. Since the inception of stress research nearly 80 years ago, much focus has been on the varying levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis neuroendocrine hormones, namely glucocorticoids, as mediators of the myriad stress effects on the hippocampus and as contributing factors to stress-associated psychopathologies such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, reports of glucocorticoid-produced alterations in hippocampal functioning vary widely across studies. This review provides a brief history of stress research, examines how the glucocorticoid hypothesis emerged and guides contemporary stress research, and considers alternative approaches to understanding the mechanisms underlying stress effects on hippocampal functioning.
© 2015 Kim et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Creativity and innovation in any organization are vital to its successful performance. The authors review the rapidly growing body of research in this area with particular attention to the period 2002 to 2013, inclusive. Conceiving of both creativity and innovation as being integral parts of essentially the same process, we propose a new, integrative definition. We note that research into creativity has typically examined the stage of idea generation, whereas innovation studies have commonly also included the latter phase of idea implementation. The authors discuss several seminal theories of creativity and innovation, then apply a comprehensive levels-of-analysis framework to review extant research into individual, team, organizational, and multi-level innovation. Key measurement characteristics of the reviewed studies are then noted. In conclusion, we propose a guiding framework for future research comprising eleven major themes and sixty specific questions for future studies.
This review and perspective article outlines 15 observational constraints on theories of errors, error detection, and error correction, and their relation to hippocampal-region (HR) damage. The core observations come from 10 studies with H.M., an amnesic with cerebellar and HR damage but virtually no neocortical damage. Three studies examined the detection of errors planted in visual scenes (e.g., a bird flying in a fish bowl in a school classroom) and sentences (e.g., I helped themselves to the birthday cake). In all three experiments, H.M. detected reliably fewer errors than carefully matched memory-normal controls. Other studies examined the detection and correction of self-produced errors, with controls for comprehension of the instructions, impaired visual acuity, temporal factors, motoric slowing, forgetting, excessive memory load, lack of motivation, and deficits in visual scanning or attention. In these studies, H.M. corrected reliably fewer errors than memory-normal and cerebellar controls, and his uncorrected errors in speech, object naming, and reading aloud exhibited two consistent features: omission and anomaly. For example, in sentence production tasks, H.M. omitted one or more words in uncorrected encoding errors that rendered his sentences anomalous (incoherent, incomplete, or ungrammatical) reliably more often than controls. Besides explaining these core findings, the theoretical principles discussed here explain H.M.'s retrograde amnesia for once familiar episodic and semantic information; his anterograde amnesia for novel information; his deficits in visual cognition, sentence comprehension, sentence production, sentence reading, and object naming; and effects of aging on his ability to read isolated low frequency words aloud. These theoretical principles also explain a wide range of other data on error detection and correction and generate new predictions for future test.
The hippocampus is critical to remembering the flow of events in distinct experiences and, in doing so, bridges temporal gaps between discontiguous events. Here, we report a robust hippocampal representation of sequence memories, highlighted by "time cells" that encode successive moments during an empty temporal gap between the key events, while also encoding location and ongoing behavior. Furthermore, just as most place cells "remap" when a salient spatial cue is altered, most time cells form qualitatively different representations ("retime") when the main temporal parameter is altered. Hippocampal neurons also differentially encode the key events and disambiguate different event sequences to compose unique, temporally organized representations of specific experiences. These findings suggest that hippocampal neural ensembles segment temporally organized memories much the same as they represent locations of important events in spatially defined environments.
El pensamiento lateral es una habilidad operacional para desarrollar nuevas ideas. Es una forma deliberada de creatividad de ideas, basada en la comprensión de cómo funciona el cerebro como un sistema de información autoorganizado. En esta entrevista, Edward de Bono, explica cómo el pensamiento lateral puede contribuir a cambiar el modo en el que vemos las cosas
In recent years, a number of studies have been published on cerebral activation induced by funny stimuli. This article provides an overview on the structures involved and findings concerning the neuropsychological faculties necessary for joke comprehension, e.g., working memory and mental flexibility. On the other hand, there are also many aspects of humor, like joke production, that are not neuropsychologically well studied; an overview of current knowledge will be given. In addition, there is little research on the effect of aging on the different aspects of cerebral humor processing.
Errors during speeded response tasks are typically immediately followed by a large component in the event-related potential, the error-related negativity; various lines of research have suggested that this component is primarily generated by the anterior cingulate cortex. This error-related activity has generated a high level of interest and investigation by cognitive neuroscientists because of the importance of online action monitoring for theories of cognitive regulation. A subsequent component, the error positivity, has remained more elusive to date. In this review we will discuss some of the extensive research which has suggested that these components are related to performance monitoring, and, should performance be compromised, dynamically adjusting control processes. Furthermore, evidence from patients with mental illnesses, including schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder, suggests that such illnesses might be understood as resulting in part from disturbances in this action monitoring function.
The organizational imagination
- Mendoza
Gestión de personas y sentido del humor
- Galí