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Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
Available online 22 October 2022
0944-7113/© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier GmbH. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Original Article
The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the
power of Twitter networking exemplied through #INPST hashtag analysis
Rajeev K. Singla
a
,
b
, Ronita De
d
, Thomas Efferth
e
, Bruno Mezzetti
f
, Md. Sahab Uddin
g
,
h
,
Sanusi
i
, Fidele Ntie-Kang
j
, Dongdong Wang
k
, Fabien Schultz
l
,
m
, Kiran R. Kharat
n
,
Hari Prasad Devkota
o
,
p
, Maurizio Battino
q
,
r
, Daniel Sur
s
, Ronan Lordan
t
, Sourav S Patnaik
u
,
Christos Tsagkaris
v
, Chandragiri Siva Sai
w
, Surya Kant Tripathi
x
, Mihnea-Alexandru G˘
aman
y
,
z
,
Mosa E.O. Ahmed
aa
, Elena Gonz´
alez-Burgos
ab
, Smith B. Babiaka
j
, Shravan Kumar Paswan
ac
,
Joy Ifunanya Odimegwu
ad
, Faizan Akram
ae
, Jesus Simal-Gandara
af
, M´
agali S. Urquiza
ag
,
Aleksei Tikhonov
ah
, Himel Mondal
ai
, Shailja Singla
c
, Sara Di Lonardo
aj
,
Eoghan J Mulholland
ak
,
al
, Merisa Cenanovic
am
, Abdulkadir Yusif Maigoro
an
,
Francesca Giampieri
ao
,
ap
, Soojin Lee
an
, Nikolay T. Tzvetkov
aq
, Anna Maria Louka
ar
,
Pritt Verma
as
, Hitesh Chopra
at
, Scarlett Perez Olea
au
, Johra Khan
av
, Jos´
e M. Alvarez Suarez
aw
,
Xiaonan Zheng
ax
, Michał Tomczyk
ay
, Manoj Kumar Sabnani
az
,
ba
,
Christhian Delno Villanueva Medina
au
, Garba M. Khalid
bb
, Hemanth Kumar Boyina
bc
,
Milen I. Georgiev
bd
, Claudiu T. Supuran
be
, Eduardo Sobarzo-S´
anchez
bf
,
bg
, Tai-Ping Fan
bh
,
Valeria Pittala
bi
, Antoni Sureda
bj
, Nady Braidy
bk
, Gian Luigi Russo
bl
, Rosa Anna Vacca
bm
,
Maciej Banach
bn
,
bo
, G´
erard Lizard
bp
, Amira Zarrouk
bq
, Sonia Hammami
bq
,
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan
br
, Bharat B. Aggarwal
bs
, George Perry
bt
, Mark JS Miller
bu
,
Michael Heinrich
bv
, Anupam Bishayee
bw
, Anake Kijjoa
bx
, Nicolas Arkells
by
, David Bredt
bz
,
Michael Wink
ca
, Bernd l. Fiebich
cb
, Gangarapu Kiran
cc
, Andy Wai Kan Yeung
cd
,
Girish Kumar Gupta
ce
, Antonello Santini
cf
, Massimo Lucarini
cg
, Alessandra Durazzo
cg
,
Amr El-Demerdash
ch
,
ci
, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova
cj
, Alejandro Cifuentes
ck
, Eliana B. Souto
cl
,
Muhammad Asim Masoom Zubair
cm
, Pravin Badhe
cn
,
co
,
cp
, Javier Echeverría
cq
,
Jarosław Olav Horba´
nczuk
cr
, Olaf K. Horbanczuk
cs
, Helen Sheridan
ct
,
Sadeeq Muhammad Sheshe
cu
, Anna Maria Witkowska
cv
, Ibrahim M. Abu-Reidah
cw
,
Muhammad Riaz
cx
, Hammad Ullah
cy
, Akolade R. Oladipupo
cz
,
da
, Víctor Lopez
db
,
Neeraj Kumar Sethiya
dc
, Bhupal Govinda Shrestha
dd
, Palaniyandi Ravanan
de
,
Subash Chandra Gupta
df
,
dg
, Qushmua E. Alzahrani
dh
, Preethidan Dama Sreedhar
di
,
Jianbo Xiao
dj
, Mohammad Amin Moosavi
dk
, Parasuraman Aiya Subramani
dl
,
Amit Kumar Singh
dm
, Ananda Kumar Chettupalli
dn
, Jayanta Kumar Patra
do
, Gopal Singh
dp
,
Tomasz M. Karpi´
nski
dq
, Fuad Al-Rimawi
dr
, Rambod Abiri
ds
, Atallah F. Ahmed
dt
,
du
,
Davide Barreca
dv
, Sharad Vats
dw
, Said Amrani
dx
, Carmela Fimognari
dy
, Andrei Mocan
dz
,
Lucian Hritcu
ea
, Prabhakar Semwal
eb
, Md. Shiblur Rahaman
ec
, Mila Emerald
ed
,
Abbreviations: COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; DHPSP, Digital Health and Patient Safety Platform; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; HIV/AIDS, Human
Immunodeciency Virus/ Acquired ImmunoDeciency Syndrome; INPST, International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce; ICNPU-2019, The 4th International
Conference on Natural Products Utilization from Plants to Pharmacy Shelf, 2019; LDCs, Least Developed Countries; MDPI, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing
Institute; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; SARS-CoV-2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2; STEM, Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics.
* Corresponding authors.
E-mail addresses: Atanas.Atanasov@dhps.lbg.ac.at (A.G. Atanasov), bairong.shen@scu.edu.cn (B. Shen).
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Phytomedicine
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/phymed
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154520
Received 11 February 2022; Received in revised form 12 July 2022; Accepted 21 October 2022
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
2
AkinleyeStephen Akinrinde
ee
, Abhilasha Singh
ef
, Ashima Joshi
eg
, Tanuj Joshi
eh
,
Shafaat Yar Khan
ei
, Gareeballah Osman Adam Balla
ej
, Aiping Lu
ek
, Sandeep Ramchandra Pai
el
,
Imen Ghzaiel
em
,
en
, Niyazi Acar
eo
, Nour Eddine Es-Sa
ep
, Gokhan Zengin
eq
,
Azazahemad A. Kureshi
er
, Arvind Kumar Sharma
es
, Bikash Baral
et
, Neeraj Rani
eu
,
Philippe Jeandet
ev
, Monica Gulati
ew
, Bhupinder Kapoor
ew
, Yugal Kishore Mohanta
ex
,
Zahra Emam-Djomeh
ey
, Raphael Onuku
ez
, Jennifer R. Depew
fa
, Omar M. Atrooz
fb
,
Bey Hing Goh
fc
,
fd
, Jose Carlos Andrade
fe
, Bikramjit Konwar
ff
, VJ Shine
fg
,
Jo˜
ao Miguel Lousa Dias Ferreira
fh
, Jamil Ahmad
, Vivek K. Chaturvedi
fj
,
Krystyna Skalicka-Wo´
zniak
fk
, Rohit Sharma
, Rupesh K. Gautam
fm
, Sebastian Granica
fn
,
Salvatore Parisi
fo
, Rishabh Kumar
fp
, Atanas G. Atanasov
fq
,
fr
,
fs
,
*
, Bairong Shen
a
,
*
a
Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Xinchuan Road 2222,
Chengdu, Sichuan, China
b
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
c
iGlobal Research and Publishing Foundation, New Delhi, India
d
ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, CIT Rd, Subhas Sarobar Park, Phool Bagan, Beleghata, Kolkata, West Bengal 700010, India
e
Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
f
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences (D3A) Universit`
a Politecnica Delle Marche Ancona, IT, Italy
g
Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
h
Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
i
Research Center for Population - Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Indonesia
j
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Buea P.O. Box 63, Cameroon
k
Centre for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, HSC 4N71, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1,
Canada
l
Technical University of Berlin, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty III - Process Sciences, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin 13355, Germany
m
Neubrandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Brodaer Str. 2, Neubrandenburg 17033, Germany
n
KETs, V.G.Vaze College, Mulund, Mumbai 400081, India
o
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
p
Program for Leading Graduate Schools, HIGO Program, Kumamoto University, Japan
q
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
r
International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
s
Department of Medical Oncology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
t
Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, United States
u
Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
v
University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Greece
w
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Gomati Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226010, India
x
Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha-769008, India
y
′′Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, Bucharest, Romania
z
Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 258 Fundeni Road, Bucharest, Romania
aa
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
ab
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain
ac
Department of Pharmacology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
ad
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy. University of Lagos, Nigeria
ae
Bahawalpur College of Pharmacy (BCP), Bahawalpur Medical and Dental College (BMDC), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
af
Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Ourense E-32004, Spain
ag
Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Argentina
ah
Translational Research Laboratory in Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
ai
Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
aj
Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems-Italian National Research Council (IRET-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino Fi 50019, Italy
ak
Gastrointestinal Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
al
Somerville College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
am
Independent Researcher, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
an
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea
ao
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
ap
Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atl´
antico, Santander, Spain
aq
Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
ar
University of Thessaly, Greece
as
Department of Pharmacology, CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow, India
at
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
au
MOL2NET 2021, 7th edition, Mexico
av
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
aw
Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
ax
Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
ay
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, Białystok 15-230,
Poland
az
The University of Texas at Arlington, United States
ba
Alloy Therapeutics, United States
bb
Pharmaceutical Engineering Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9, United Kingdom
bc
School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Anurag University, Venkatapur, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500088, India
bd
Laboratory of Metabolomics, Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
be
University of Florence, Neurofarba Dept., Italy
bf
Instituto de Investigaci´
on y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
bg
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
bh
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an,
China
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
3
bi
Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
bj
Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), and
CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Palma, Balearic Islands E-07122, Spain
bk
Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
bl
National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino 83100, Italy
bm
Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari 70126, Italy
bn
Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
bo
Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
bp
Universit´
e de Bourgogne / Inserm, Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL, Facult´
e des Sciences Gabriel, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon 21000 France
bq
University of Monastir (Tunisia), Faculty of Medicine, LR-NAFS ‘Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Tunisia
br
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Türkiye
bs
Inammation Research Center, San Diego, California, United States
bt
Department of Neuroscience, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas, United States
bu
Kaiviti Consulting, LLC, United States
bv
UCL School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom
bw
College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, United States
bx
Instituto de Ciˆ
encias Biom´
edicas Abel Salazar e CIIMAR, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
by
International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INSPT), United States
bz
Independent Researcher, United States
ca
Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
cb
Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine,
University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
cc
School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, India
cd
Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
ce
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Badhani, Pathankot, Punjab, India
cf
University of Napoli Federico II, Department of Pharmacy. Via D Montesano 49, Napoli 80131, Italy
cg
CREA—Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546 00178 Rome, Italy
ch
Metabolic Biology & Biological Chemistry Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
ci
Organic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
cj
Division of Cellular Medicine, University of Dundee School of Medicine, United Kingdom
ck
Foodomics Lab, CIAL, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
cl
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
cm
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
cn
Swalife Foundation, India
co
Swalife Biotech Ltd, Ireland
cp
Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon (BK) Pune Maharashtra India
cq
Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
cr
Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec 05-552, Poland
cs
Department of Technique and Food Product Development, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW) 159c Nowoursynowska, Warsaw 02-776, Poland
ct
The NatPro Centre. Trinity College Dublin. Dublin 2, Ireland
cu
Kano University of Science & Technology Wudil, Kano, Nigeria
cv
Medical University of Bialystok, Department of Food Biotechnology, Poland
cw
School of Science and the Environment, Grenfell Campus, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook A2H 5G4, Canada
cx
Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal 18050, Pakistan
cy
Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
cz
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Nigeria
da
Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
db
Department of Pharmacy, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de G´
allego (Zaragoza), Spain
dc
Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, India
dd
Dept of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Nepal
de
Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
df
Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
dg
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Guwahati, Assam, India
dh
Department of Pharmacy/Nursing Medicine Health and Environment, University of the Region of Joinville (UNIVILLE) Brazil, Sana Catarina, Joinville, Brazil
di
Hermian Foundation for Neuro Research & Innovation, Kannur, India
dj
University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
dk
Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetics Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran P.O. Box: 14965/161, Iran
dl
Independent Researcher, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, India - 600048. formerly, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117,
India
dm
Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002 India
dn
Center for Nanomedicine, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Hyderabad 500088, India
do
Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea
dp
Department of Plant Functional Metabolomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
dq
Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Pozna´
n University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, Pozna´
n 61-712, Poland
dr
Al-Quds University, Palestine
ds
Department of Forestry Science and Biodiversity, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
dt
Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
du
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
dv
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Universit`
a degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
dw
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan 304022, India
dx
Laboratoire de Biologie et de Physiologie des Organismes, Facult´
e des Sciences Biologiques, USTHB, Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algeria
dy
Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Italy
dz
Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
ea
Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, Iasi 700506, Romania
eb
Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India
ec
Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
ed
PHYTOCEUTICALS International™ & NOVOTEK Global Solutions™, Canada
ee
Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
ef
MGH[Harvard Medical School], Boston, MA, United States
eg
Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, India
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
4
eh
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhimtal, Kumaun University (Nainital), India
ei
Research Lab III, Hematology & Vascular Biology, Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
ej
Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Hilat Kuku, Khartoum North P.O. Box No. 204, Sudan
ek
School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, HongKong, China
el
Department of Botany, Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s, Dada Patil Mahavidyalaya, Karjat, Maharashtra, India
em
Universit´
e de Bourgogne, Inserm, Laboratoire Bio - PeroxIL, Facult´
e des Sciences Gabriel, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon 21000 France
en
University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
eo
INRAe, rue Sully, Dijon 21000, France
ep
Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Sup´
erieure, Rabat, Morocco
eq
Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
er
Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
es
Center of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
et
Institute of Biological Resources, Nepal
eu
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansilal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
ev
University of Reims, Research Unit Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, USC INRAe 1488, Reims, France
ew
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH 1) Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
ex
Department of Applied Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Techno City, Kling Road, Baridua, Ri-Bhoi,
Meghalaya 793101, India
ey
University of Tehran, Iran
ez
Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
fa
Independent Researcher, United States
fb
Department of Biological Sciences, Mutah University, Jordan
fc
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
fd
Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
fe
TOXRUN – Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
ff
Independent, Guwahati, Assam, India
fg
Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695014, India
fh
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernˆ
ani Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal
Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
fj
Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
fk
Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005,
India
fm
Deparment of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, IIST Campus, Rau-Indore-453331, India
fn
Microbiota Lab, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
fo
Lourdes Matha Institute of Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Kerala State, India
fp
School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Sohna Road, Gurugram, Haryana 122103, India
fq
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, Vienna 1090, Austria
fr
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna 1090, Austria
fs
Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Magdalenka 05-552, Poland
ARTICLE INFO
Keywords:
Natural products
Open innovation
Social media
Hashtag analysis
Twitter research
Digital tools
ABSTRACT
Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have
enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily on-
line. The open innovation platform titled “International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce” (INPST) was
established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in
natural product scientic research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools.
Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specic use of Twitter
as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week “2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event”
(spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST.
Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur
Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a
total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event’s achieved high visibility
and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly
effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events.
Introduction
Signicance of natural products and natural product research
Nature offers multiple solutions to almost all the challenges faced by
mankind. In particular, natural products represent a sustainable bio-
resource with the potential to treat and manage various diseases and
disorders (Durazzo et al., 2018a; Durazzo and Lucarini, 2021, 2019;
Ghareeb et al., 2020; Uhrin et al., 2018). Globally, a fast and dynami-
cally growing body of evidence is continuously emerging from compu-
tational level to the clinical level, enabling translational aspects and
diverse applications of a wide range of bioactive natural products
(Apoorva et al., 2021; Bankar et al., 2011; Bansal et al., 2021; Dangar
and Patel, 2021; Igoli et al., 2014a, 2014b; Madaan et al., 2022;
Marzocco et al., 2021; Okoh et al., 2021; Singla, 2021; Singla et al.,
2021a, 2021b, 2021c; Singla et al., 2021d). Plants, animals, and mi-
crobes serve as natural resources and goldmines for therapeutics, sup-
plements, and nutraceuticals discovery (Cap´
o et al., 2021; Dai et al.,
2021; Durazzo et al., 2018b, 2020; Miro´
nczuk-Chodakowska et al.,
2021; Santini et al., 2018; Santini and Novellino, 2014, 2017, 2018;
Santini et al., 2017; Singla and Dubey, 2019; Singla et al., 2019; Wink,
2015; Yang et al., 2019a). Not only do the traditional medicinal systems
rely on natural products, but the modern medicinal systems also heavily
rely on using multiple natural product scaffolds for drug development,
in an unmodied state or for-property optimization achieved by modi-
fying the starting natural product scaffold (Atanasov et al., 2015; Cha-
turvedi et al., 2020; Ravula et al., 2021; Tewari et al., 2021). For clinical
purpose, there are already a lot of highly successful natural
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
5
product-based medicines, including but not limited to antibacterials
such as streptomycin (Waksman and Schatz, 1945), antifungals such as
amphotericin B (Cavassin et al., 2021), antimalarials such as artemisinin
(Wang et al., 2019b), anticancer agents such as vinca alkaloids (Ehr-
hardt et al., 2011), camptothecin (Wang et al., 2021), and paclitaxel
(Rowinsky et al., 1995), or antidiabetic agents such as acarbose (Kumar
Singla et al., 2016; Tupas et al., 2020). Chemical modication of natural
product molecules has also yielded multiple clinically relevant drugs
such as caspofungin (Walsh et al., 2004), artemether (Hien et al., 1996),
or etoposide (Cragg and Pezzuto, 2016; O’Dwyer et al., 1985). As a
reection of the high signicance of natural products for the discovery
and development of new pharmaceuticals, a high number of natural
products or their derivatives are currently in clinical trials for a range of
diverse diseases (Ahmad et al., 2021; Lima et al., 2021; Nile and Kai,
2020; Singla et al., 2022a, 2022b). Moreover, multi-component natural
product mixtures are also studied to explore their therapeutic potential
and used clinically (Wink, 2015). Examples of botanical drugs based on
such complex mixtures of natural products approved by the United
States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include sinecatechins
(marketed as Veregen® by Fougera Pharmaceuticals Inc.), an extract of
green tea leaves [Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze] approved for the treat-
ment of genital and anal warts in 2006, and crofelemer (marketed as
Mytesi™ by Napo Pharmaceuticals), an oligomeric
proanthocyanidin-enriched extract from the latex of the Dragon’s blood
tree (Croton lechleri Müll.Arg.) that was approved for human immuno-
deciency virus/ acquired immunodeciency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)--
related diarrhea in 2012 (Chen et al., 2008; Crutchley et al., 2010;
Kleindl et al., 2017). Natural products are also been intensively inves-
tigated for prevention or treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (Dev-
pura et al., 2021; Lordan et al., 2021; Silveira et al., 2020; Singla et al.,
2021b; Wang et al., 2020b). Aside of medicinal plants, many mushrooms
are also exhibiting therapeutic potential, and for example in China
numerous medicinal mushrooms have been included in the Chinese
Pharmacopoeia (Dai et al., 2021). Along this line, it is important to
underline that multiple herbal preparations are used in complementary
and alternative medicine around the world. For example, plants with
antioxidant phytoconstituents, such as phenolics, carotenoids, allicin,
mustard oil and vitamins C and E, are widely employed as phyto-
pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals and help prevent diseases caused
from an overdose of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including cancer,
cardiovascular and neurodegenerative health conditions (Wink, 2022).
To reduce the nancial strain on the public from poorer countries un-
dergoing rapid (economic) development (LDCs), it is essential to focus
on such sustainable resources for therapeutic management as they will
be cost-effective, accessible, and in most cases safe (Chaturvedi et al.,
2018; Heinrich et al., 2021; Singla et al., 2021d; Suryanarayana Raju
et al., 2015).
In addition to therapeutic uses, natural products and materials have
many other (non-medical) applications in different areas. Cellulose
nanobers with improved photothermal stability, for example, have
potential in the elds of coating and packaging (Deng et al., 2022). Rice
husk can be applied as a green coagulant (Tan et al., 2022), and
hydrophobically modied agarose as hydrogels (Evans et al., 2022).
Sweeteners (Pawar et al., 2013; Yeung et al., 2019d), biosurfactants (Liu
et al., 2022), bioremediators (Xue et al., 2022), adsorbents (Etim et al.,
2016), biofuels (Murillo et al., 2021; Sirigeri et al., 2019), fuel cells
(Chen et al., 2018), carbon electrodes (Xi et al., 2021), carbon fertilizers
(Xiang et al., 2021), paper industry uses (Haunreiter et al., 2021), cos-
meceuticals (Alves et al., 2020), and pesticides (Yang et al., 2021; Zac-
cardelli et al., 2020) are just a couple of examples out of the broad
spectrum applications of various natural products and materials.
Scientic open innovation in the era of digital communications
The traditional approach for the generation of industrial innovation
(including the development of new products and services) has been
relying on internal resources and company employees. A newer concept,
“open innovation”, moved the focus on a more substantial reliance on
innovation generated externally, and its interaction with the company´s
resources (Chesbrough and Crowther, 2006; Hodson, 2016). The open
innovation concept has an advantage that it can tap into newly devel-
oped technologies and ideas without the need to entirely depend on own
resources and expertise, the maintenance of which is complex and
costly. In this model of innovation generation, industrial entities move
their priority out of intellectual property protection to pursue external
collaboration-oriented strategies, whereby collaborating partners could
be other companies, academic units, or the general public as a whole. In
analogy to the industrial approach where the concept was rst created,
the “Open Innovation in Science” approach in academia emerges as a set
of practices with the focus shifted to openness and collaborative, inter-
active, integrated, and often interdisciplinary work involving more vital
interaction with external parties from academia, industry, and society
(Beck et al., 2020), realized for example by creating collaborative net-
works and research infrastructures in the perspective of interoperability
(Dwyer et al., 2021). In the arena of medical and pharmaceutical
research, which is of relevance to the focus of the open innovation
platform described in the present manuscript, a recent total-scale liter-
ature analysis identied 384 scientic papers dealing with open inno-
vation, with the rst publications starting to appear in the literature in
the middle of the 2000s (Yeung et al., 2021a). The later analysis also
revealed that, so far, most research on open innovation in the arena of
medical and pharmaceutical research was done in North America and
Europe, and that the pharmaceutical sector was the most active indus-
trial stakeholder.
Digital communication tools have the potential to empower signi-
cantly open innovation approaches. Historically, some of the rst ap-
plications of open innovation took place exactly in the area of
information technologies and computer technologies (in addition to the
above-mentioned pharmaceutical industry sector) (Chesbrough and
Crowther, 2006). With the use of digital communication tools, open
innovation practitioners can reach quickly and easily large audiences of
relevant stakeholders, which is of high importance for the application of
key open innovation techniques such as crowdsourcing (Wazny, 2018).
Moreover, digital technologies have enabled the emergence of a variety
of virtual organizations that coordinate their activities primarily online,
one of which is the International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce
(INPST) (Atanasov et al., 2021; Camarinha-Matos and Afsarmanesh,
2005) that we present in detail in the current manuscript.
The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST), an open
innovation platform to invigorate the natural product research eld
The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) was
initiated in the early 2018, aiming to bring together in a collaborative
environment individuals and organizations interested in natural prod-
ucts science, and empower them through the application of open inno-
vation approaches and digital communication tools (for both
networking and dissemination of credible scientic information).
Envisaging the diverse applications of natural products in many areas of
industry and healthcare, new natural product-related scientic ndings
could be of high importance in addressing some key societal problems,
such as the search for new medicines, the establishment of innovative
technologies that are friendlier to the environment, and the develop-
ment of better food and dietary supplements. Along this line, both the
continuous exploration of the existing natural biodiversity is of benet,
but also cultivated biodiversity, involving improvements mediated
through modern genetic techniques, which allow to specically increase
the content of substances of high nutritional and even pharmaceutical
interest (Sabbadini et al., 2021).
As the major entry point for accessing INPST-curated content, INPST
website (https://inpst.net/) has been established. The INPST platform
integrates several social media channels (Table 1) and presents in
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
6
diverse subsections, contents that might be of interest to the visitors,
including links to relevant conferences, job offers, publications, funding
opportunities, and special issues of scientic journals. The INPST has
attracted strong attention, and over 1500 people from more than 50
countries have joined the platform as members or email subscribers as of
April 2021. In addition, large audiences have followed the major INPST
social media channels (Facebook, Twitter, ResearchGate, and LinkedIn),
as detailed in Table 1.
Aside from the INPST email list and social media channels, another
tool for direct communication between INPST members and web visitors
was provided through the INPST forum tool (https://inpst.net/other-t
opics-and-announcements/). Representative examples of different
INPST-based activities (Table 2) are aligned with the multiple dissemi-
nation and outreach activities. INPST-based networking has proven to
be an excellent catalyst for new collaborative integrated scientic
research (Banach et al., 2018; Horbanczuk et al., 2019; Jozwik et al.,
2018; Ruscica et al., 2021; Tancheva et al., 2020; Tewari et al., 2020;
Tzvetkov et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019b; Zhubi-Bakija et al., 2021),
including joint work conducting meta-analysis of the published litera-
ture (Durazzo et al., 2021a, 2021b; Yeung et al., 2018, 2019a, 2020a;
Yeung et al., 2019b, 2020b, 2020c; Yeung et al., 2019c, 2021c, 2019d),
and the preparation of scientic collaborative review publications
(Khan et al., 2020; Li et al., 2021; Mondal et al., 2021, 2019; Tewari
et al., 2018; Vacca et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2022, 2018, 2019a; Wang
et al., 2021) utilizing broadly-international collaborative work. In the
latest example of collaborative work type, a special mention deserves a
2021 article from Nature Reviews Drug Discovery entitled “Natural
products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities,” in which the
International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce was used for the rst
time as an author group designation (Atanasov et al., 2021).
Twitter as a tool for science communication and networking
Twitter represents one of the comparably large social media plat-
forms with an estimated more than 300 million monthly active users (htt
ps://www.statista.com/). The major feature of the platform is that it
enables users to share publicly short messages (tweets), with the current
characters limit (since 2017) for a single tweet being 280 characters
(Boot et al., 2019). Furthermore, tweets can optionally include hyper-
links to other content on the web, photo images, short video clips, and
hashtags (broadly used tags in social media used to label and grouping
together thematically linked social media posts).
Twitter represents a social media platform widely used by scientists
(Soragni and Maitra, 2019) and the general public. It empowers scien-
tists to disseminate their research both to their peers (who are also the
users of the platform) and directly to the general public (without the
need for involvement of journalists or science communication pro-
fessionals). Moreover, Twitter represents a fertile ground for networking
of professionals and nding new collaboration partners, with multiple
examples in the scientic literature of fruitful research partnerships
starting through Twitter interactions (Baker, 2015; Doxtader et al.,
2019; Guralnick et al., 2016; Lurie et al., 2020).
Hashtags, which were mentioned above as one of the commonly used
tweet components, are designed as keyword-terms (usually thematically
related to the content of the tweet) that are missing spaces (in case the
term consists of several words) and have a hash sign (#) in front
(particular example: #NaturalProducts). Hashtags afford tagging and
thematic grouping of tweets and hashtag analysis has been widely used
as a research tool that allows different quantications (Cheung et al.,
2018; Gardhouse et al., 2017; Grabbert et al., 2019; Kudchadkar and
Carroll, 2020). In this context, relevant visibility parameters associated
with tweets that could be analyzed, include retweets (re-shares) and
impressions (views). Consequently, in this work, we aimed to evaluate
visibility-associated features of the INPST Twitter networking event
2021 (detailed in the next section) by #INPST Twitter hashtag analysis.
Table 1
Major INPST social media channels.
Social media Audience (as of
April 2021)- Pre
INPST
Networking Event
Audience (as of
January 2022)
Post INPST
Networking Event
Web address
Facebook 7672 8171 https://www.
facebook.com/INPST/
Twitter 3113 4084 https://twitter.com/
_INPST
ResearchGate 561 889 https://www.
researchgate.net/
project/International-
Natural-Product-
Sciences-Taskforce-
INPST
LinkedIn 573 725 https://www.linkedin.
com/company/
international-natural-
product-sciences-
taskforce/
Table 2
Representative examples of different categories of INPST-based activities.
Category Example Weblink
Conference
support
ICNPU-2019: The 4th
International Conference on
Natural Products Utilization
from Plants to Pharmacy
Shelf, supported by INPST
(29 May – 01 June 2019,
Albena resort, Bulgaria)
https://inpst.net/4th-
international-conference-on-
natural-products-utilization-
from-plants-to-pharmacy-
shelf-supported-by-inpst/
News entries
dissemination
INPST collaborative work
analyzes about 300,000
scientic papers to outline
trends in antioxidants
research
https://inpst.net/
antioxidant-phytochemicals-
takeover-scientic-attention-
replacing-antioxidant-
vitamins-and-minerals/
Research project
features
Multitarget peptide-
fragment hybrids for the
treatment of
neurodegenerative diseases
https://inpst.net/
multitarget-peptide-
fragment-hybrids-for-the-
treatment-of-
neurodegenerative-diseases/
Popularization of
scientic
publications
Marine natural products https://inpst.net/marine-
natural-products/
Funding
announcements
Government of Ireland
International Education
Scholarship Programme
https://inpst.net/
government-of-ireland-
international-education-
scholarship-program/
Online lectures SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19:
Basic knowledge on a novel
pandemic (Special Online
Lecture by Prof. Thomas
Efferth, on 9th of March
2021)
https://inpst.net/sars-cov-2-
and-covid-19-basic-
knowledge-on-a-novel-
pandemic/
Job offers Non-academic Executive
Director at Natural Product
Research center (at Trinity
College Dublin, Ireland)
https://inpst.net/non-
academic-executive-
director-at-natural-product-
research-center-at-trinity-
college-dublin-ireland/
Collaborative
research calls
Collaboration call: Root of
Althea ofcinalis (marsh-
mallow)
https://inpst.net/
collaboration-call-root-of-
althea-ofcinalis-marsh-
mallow/
Award
announcements
INPST Young Scientist
Award 2019
https://inpst.net/inpst-
young-scientist-award-
2019/
Blogging Pomegranate for heart health
and the science behind it
https://inpst.net/blog/
pomegranate-for-heart-
health-and-the-science-
behind-it/
Dissemination of
journal special
issues
Natural Products and Their
Applications
https://inpst.net/crbiotech-
special-issue-natural-
products-and-their-
applications/
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
7
Methodology
The use of the #INPST hashtag was assessed through a one-week
event, highlighted and promoted as “2021 INPST Twitter Networking
Event”, which spanned from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021. Twitter
users were encouraged to use the #INPST hashtag, while doing any
relevant scientic communication on Twitter. Contributions that were
being encouraged included: showcasing individual research, collabora-
tion calls, job postings, journal special issue announcements,
networking messages, conference announcements, Twitter polls,
seminar announcements, links of relevant new publications, and job
searches. Readers can refer to https://inpst.net/inpst-twitter-networkin
g-event-2021/ for more details. Utilization of the hashtag #INPST
through the study period was analyzed with the aid of Symplur Signals
(https://www.symplur.com/).
Fig. 1. Cumulative increase in the number of #INPST-posting users (A), #INPST-containing tweets (B), and impressions/views (C) during the networking event
timeline (31st May to 6th June 2021).
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
8
Results and discussion
A total of 6036 tweets were posted by 686 users in that one-week
networking event, generating a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views
of the respective tweets). Of these 6036 tweets, 4272 tweets (70.8%)
contained links, while only 319 tweets (5.28%) contained different
attached images. Strategic usage of links, related hashtags, and images
are in general relevant in strengthening tweets’ visibility (Mishori et al.,
2019). Mishori and the team, in their study published in 2019, have
covered seven hashtags such as #ilooklikeasurgeon, #Women-
InMedicine, #SheLeads2017, #seeitbeit, #BlackMenInMedicine,
#QuoteHer, and #diversityinmedicine, and analyzed them for one year.
For each tweet, the volume of tweets recorded on a monthly basis
(Mishori et al., 2019) was less than the tweets yielded in our one week
#INPST campaign. This indicates that the tweets number obtained in the
conducted “2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event” was comparably
higher than weekly tweets reported in the literature for many other
hashtags with biomedical signicance.
Out of the 686 Twitter users who posted #INPST-containing tweets,
399 (58.2%) made only one tweet during the networking event period;
95 (13.8%) posted two tweets, while 192 (28.0%) users made three or
more tweets. This suggested that close to two hundred users have
regularly used the hashtag #INPST while promoting their scientic
content on Twitter. It has been observed that during the one week of this
hashtag networking event, new users kept on joining in the tweeting and
sharing (Fig. 1A). On the rst day, only 211 Twitter users joined the
networking event, and the participant number gradually increased in the
next few days, reaching 686 users by the last day of the networking
event. During the study period, new tweets number also gradually
increased, with daily tweet numbers in the range 814–1200 (Fig. 1B). On
the rst day of the networking event 996 tweets and 11.6 million im-
pressions were recorded. Each day, there was an increase of around 10
million of new impressions, and by the end of the networking event
week, there were more than 65 million impressions (Fig. 1C). For
comparison, in a one-year period (from 1st of March 2021 to 1st of
March 2022), there have been 49,300 tweets using the hashtag #INPST
that have been shared by 4209 users and generated 610,157,622 im-
pressions. Considering that there are around 52 weeks in a year, it be-
comes obvious that the “2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event” that
took place in one single week (from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021)
generated hugely increased weekly activity reected in the number of
shared tweets (6036 tweets in a single week) participating users (686
users) and generated impressions (65,004,773 impressions). In a pre-
vious study, a Twitter campaign focused on the hashtag #DHPSP was
executed for ve weeks, yielding a total of 151,984,378 impressions
(Kletecka-Pulker et al., 2021). Benjamin and Royer in 2018, have per-
formed analytics of a six months-interval to track the signicance of the
@AACAnatomy Twitter account. Total impressions gained by the posts
from that account were calculated to be 60,510 from September 2016 to
February 2017 (Benjamin and Royer, 2018). These comparative data
illustrate that the #INPST networking event, with its 65,004,773 im-
pressions (views) achieved very high visibility in just one week in
comparison to other biomedical Twitter-based campaigns. Similar con-
clusions can be also reached by comparing to the Spanish pro-vaccine
Twitter campaign focused on the hashtag #yomevacuno, which was
monitored for two weeks (between 14 December and 28 December
2020) and yielded 915,736 impressions (Herrera-Peco et al., 2021).
Further, as per the user information publicly available on Twitter, the
top 5 locations of the users who had used the #INPST hashtag while
posted during the one-week networking event was the United States (73
users), India (38), the United Kingdom (22), Canada (18), and Spain
(14). Although English remains the most frequently used language with
4068 of the tweets being in English, other languages such as Japanese
(26 tweets), Romanian (14), Welsh (10), and Slovenian (6) are also
noteworthy. During the one-week #INPST networking event, the most
widely shared tweet featured the publication “Big impact of
nanoparticles: analysis of the most cited nanopharmaceuticals and
nanonutraceuticals research”, and gathered 66 retweets, 6 quoted
tweets and 69 likes (Fig. 2). Furthermore, Twitter Analytics revealed
that this tweet generated 23,426 impressions and 211 engagements
(equaling the total number of times a user has interacted with a Tweet,
including all clicks, retweets, replies, follows, and likes). The article
featured in this tweet was published in Current Research in Biotech-
nology (Elsevier) in 2020. As per the Google Scholar record dated
January 18 2022, this article has been cited a total of 25 times.
Although, the follow-up time was too short to investigate whether the
visibility-boost achieved through Twitter during the #INPST
networking event might translate into more widespread readership and
increasing citation rate for this paper, it is interesting to mention that
previous works have indicated that on average widely tweeted manu-
scripts receive more citations (Luc et al., 2021).
The most frequently used words, which were found in the #INPST
tweets shared during the networking event, were also analyzed. The top
10 words were “read”, “twitter”, “research”, “paper”, “natural”, “event”,
“analysis”, “review”, “published”, and “networking” (Fig. 3). All of these
words have meanings that can be linked to the scope of the #INPST
Twitter networking event and scientic research in general. The fre-
quency of these words is quite high, ranging from 200 to more than 400
uses.
As the co-hashtag usage also inuences the visibility of tweets, we
additionally analyzed the hashtags that were co-occurring with #INPST.
The top 10 hashtags that co-occurred with #INPST were also all related
and relevant to the focus of the Twitter networking event (Fig. 4). The
hashtag #DHPSP (an acronym for Digital Health and Patient Safety
Platform) is ofcially registered with the Symplur Healthcare Hashtag
Project and meant to be used with tweets related to “digital health, open
innovation, patient safety, personalized medicine” (Kletecka-Pulker
et al., 2021). #NPMND is a hashtag ofcially registered with the Sym-
plur Healthcare Hashtag Project and is meant to be used with tweets
related to “cancer, diabetes, metabolic disorders, natural products,
neurological disorders, obesity, pain, Parkinson’s disease” (Singla,
2021). #AcademicTwitter, is a widely used hashtag to label various
academy-related Twitter discussions (Fuller and Potvin, 2020;
Gomez-Vasquez and Romero-Hall, 2020). #SciComm hashtag is used
with tweets related to “Medical Education, scientic communication,
scientic posters” (Kaczmarczyk, 2015). #cancer is broadly used in
tweets related to cancer. #AcademicChatter is dedicated to broader
academic community chatting (Davies, 2021; Stillwell, 2021). #Open-
Science is a hashtag from the accounts @_open_science_ and @open-
science, and is related to “promoting the discussion/dissemination of
open science, equality, inclusivity, and fairness”. #womeninstem is a
hashtag related to “gender equity, gender parity, STEM, women in
healthcare, women in medicine, women in research, women in science”
(Woolston, 2015). #meded is linked to medical education (Jaswal et al.,
2021), and #STEM is related to science and technology related com-
munications (abbreviation from science, technology, engineering, and
mathematics). Thus, all the co-hashtags in the top 10 list were related to
science and health.
Special issues in various journals have also been widely promoted
during the #INPST networking event. Among the three most shared
images (Fig. 5), two illustrations (left and right) are related to journal
special issues. At the same time, the third (in the center) presents an
overview of a specic drug discovery research project, "Multitarget
peptide-fragment hybrids for the treatment of neurodegenerative dis-
eases“ lead by Dr. Nikolay T. Tzvetko. The rst special issue (the image
on the left) is entitled “Plant-Derived Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals,
and Cosmeceuticals: From Basic to Applied Science.” This special issue is
being handled by the guest editor, Dr. Hari Prasad Devkota for the
journal, Applied Sciences, MDPI publisher. The second special issue was
about “Pharmacology of Plant Polyphenols in Human Health and Dis-
eases”. This special issue was handled by ve guest editors, including Dr.
Hari Prasad Devkota, Dr. Atanas G. Atanasov (the founder of INPST and
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
9
the #INPST hashtag), Dr. Keshav Raj Paudel, Dr. Namrita Lall, and Dr.
Michał Tomczyk, for the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology (Frontiers
Publisher).
Other journal special issues promoted during the event (edited by Dr.
Anupam Bishayee were “Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cancer
Prevention and Intervention with Bioactive Food Components” (in
Cancers), “Molecular insights into natural compounds in oncoprevention
and oncotherapy” (in Pharmacological Research), and “Molecular phar-
macology of anticancer natural products” (in Phytomedicine). Addition-
ally, a special collection E-book at the interface of Frontiers in Plant
Science, Frontiers in Pharmacology and Frontiers in Physiology, entitled
“Lignans: Insights into Their Biosynthesis, Metabolic Engineering,
Analytical Methods and Health Benets” was published in early 2021. It
was edited by Christophe F Hano, Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova, Norman
G Lewis, John R Cort, and Laurence B. Davin, and has been viewed more
than 18,700 times to date (https://www.frontiersin.org/research
-topics/9159/lignans-insights-into-their-biosynth
esis-metabolic-engineering-analytical-methods-and-health
-benet#overview) (Hano et al., 2021).
In their randomized-controlled trial “Three Facts and a Story”,
Tapper and co-workers have also evaluated the use of Twitter for
research dissemination, nding a signicant increase in engagement for
the papers published in the Journal of Hepatology, if relevant tweets
featuring these papers were posted on Twitter (Tapper et al., 2021).
Fig. 2. The most shared tweet of the #INPST Twitter networking event.
Fig. 3. . Top 10 words of the #INPST tweets posted during the networking event.
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
10
Exploring another application of the social media platform, Bennett and
co-workers have utilized Twitter to identify COVID-19 vaccine-asso-
ciated hematological adverse events (Bennett et al., 2022). Further,
Eibensteiner and co-workers have utilized the Twitter poll analysis
methodology to assess the people’s willingness to vaccinate against
COVID-19 (Eibensteiner et al., 2021). As yet another application of
Twitter, Lyu et al. have utilized the social media platform to identify
topics and perform sentiment analysis in public for COVID-19
Fig. 4. Top 10 hashtags co-occurring with #INPST.
Fig. 5. The three most shared images during the #INPST Twitter Networking Event 2021 (with 27, 20, and once again 20 retweets, for the images displayed left,
center-bottom, and right, respectively).
R.K. Singla et al.
Phytomedicine 108 (2023) 154520
11
vaccine-related discussions (Lyu et al., 2021). Kwok and co-workers did
the same but focused only on Australian users and by machine learning
analysis (Kwok et al., 2021). As further examples of Twitter
hashtag-based studies, Kauffman and colleagues have analyzed the role
of Twitter in online radiology education by assessing the hashtag
#RadEd (Kauffman et al., 2021), and Robertson et al. have analyzed the
hashtags #RadialFirst and #RadialForNeuro on Twitter referring to
transradial access for neurointerventional procedures (Robertson et al.,
2021). While Twitter-applications have the limitation that they just
reach this segment of the population who are users of the platform, the
above-described research studies leave no scope for doubting for the
value of Twitter use and Twitter-based analysis for the scientic com-
munity. Moreover, since social media platforms are a fertile ground for
the dissemination of science and health-related misinformation (Yeung
et al., 2021b, 2022), scientists-driven activities and events hosted on
social media platforms such as Twitter can benet the general public by
providing credible and easy-accessible science-based information.
Nevertheless, it should be noted that using specically Twitter for sci-
entic communication-based initiatives such as the here-described
#INPST networking event has one important limitation: Twitter is not
popularly used in some countries, which results in excluding a large
group of researchers in Asia, particularly in China, who are engaging in
natural product research. Envisaging this limitation, it might be rec-
ommended that for better international coverage future events from that
kind might be executed with the simultaneous use of several diverse
social media platforms to better reach and involve scientists located in
different countries.
Conclusions
This study demonstrated how Twitter networking event attracted a
large number of scientists across the world to showcase their scientic
content and gained high visibility for the participants and the INPST
platform as a whole, as clearly demonstrated especially by the archived
high number (65,004,773) of impressions/views archived in just a single
week. This work sets an example of how Twitter can be used as a highly
efcient and fascinating channel to host virtual campaigns, disseminate
credible scientic information, and host virtual international biomedical
research events. Importantly, such digital networking events also pro-
vide platform for intensifying of interactions between scientists from
different parts of the world, which might potentially yield the formation
of new scientic collaborations beneting future biomedical research.
The wider implications of this analysis relate to the potential of better
understanding scientic communication both within the scientic
community as well as with the wider public enabling a better under-
standing of science.
CRediT author statement
Conceptualization: RKS and AGA; Data Curation: All Authors; Formal
Analysis: AGA; Funding Acquisition: BS; Supervision: AGA, TE, and BS;
Writing-Original Draft: RKS and AGA; Writing-Review & Editing: RD,
TE, BM, MSU, S, FN-K, DW, FS, KRK, HPD, MB, DS, RL, SSP, CT, CSS,
SKT, MAG, MEOA, EGB, SBB, SKP, JIO, FA, JSG, MSU, AT, HM, SS, SDL,
EJM, MC, AYM, FG, SL, NTT, AML, PV, HC, SPO, JK, JMAS, XZ, MT,
MKS, CDVM, GMK, HKB, MIG, CTS, ESS, TPF, VP, AS, NB, GLR, RAV,
MB, GL, AZ, SH, IEO, BBA, GP, MJSM, MH, AB, AK, NA, DB, MW, BLF,
GK, AWKY, GKG, AS, ML, AD, AED, ATDK, AC, EBS, MAMZ, PB, JE,
JOH, OKH, HS, SMS, AMW, IMAR, MR, HU, ARO, VL, NKS, BGS, PY,
SCG, QEA, DSP, JBX, MAM, PAS, AKS, AKC, JKP, GS, TMK, FAR, RA,
AFA, DB, SV, SA, CF, AM, LH, PS, MSR, ME, ASA, AS, AJ, TJ, SYK, GOAB,
AL, SRP, IG, NA, NEES, GZ, AAK, AKS, BB, NR, JP, MG, BK, YKM, ZED,
RO, JRD, OMA, BHG, JCA, BK, SVJ, JMLDF, JA, VKC, KSW, RS, RKG, SG,
SP, and RK. As a mega project, all the authors contributed in the Twitter
event. All data were generated in-house, and no paper mill was used. All
authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of work ensuring integrity
and accuracy.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation
of China (32070671), the COVID-19 research projects of West China
Hospital Sichuan University (Grant no. HX-2019-nCoV-057) as well as
the regional innovation cooperation between Sichuan and Guangxi
Provinces (2020YFQ0019). A. Sureda was granted by Instituto de Salud
Carlos III (CIBEROBN CB12/03/30038).
Availability of data and materials
All the key information is already available in the manuscript; still,
the authors are ready to provide any further data if the inquiry will be
routed through journal and afliation authorities, and follow the stan-
dard process.
Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Human and animal rights
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Authors duly provide the consent for publication.
Conict of Interest
Authors Dr. Rajeev K. Singla and Shailja Singla have an honorary-
based associations with the iGlobal Research and Publishing Founda-
tion (iGRPF), New Delhi, India. Dr. Bernd Fiebich is associated with
VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH. RKS, SS and BF along with the remaining
authors, declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any
commercial or nancial relationships that could be construed as a po-
tential conict of interest.
Given their role as Editor/Associate Editor/ Editorial board mem-
bers, “Prof. Thomas Efferth”, “Ilkay Erdogan Orhan”, “Milen Georgiev”,
“Davide Barreca”, “Maurizio Battino”, “Anupam Bishayee”, “Michael
Heinrich”,and“Jianbo Xiao”had no involvement in the peer-review of
this article and has no access to information regarding its peer-review.
Acknowledgments
Authors would like to thank the National Natural Science Foundation
of China, West China Hospital Sichuan University as well as the regional
innovation cooperation between Sichuan and Guangxi Provinces for
providing necessary funding.
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