The Sustainable Museum: How Museums Contribute to the Great Transformation
... At the same time, by addressing important themes that affect society, the relevant role of museums in society is enhanced. However, it may be said that, in general, sustainability has been addressed by museums in a fragmented or compartmentalized manner, lacking a more integrated approach to connect all the dimensions of sustainability [11]. ...
... However, in a time characterized by the profusion of heritage, there appears to be an imbalance between the objects to be preserved and the real possibility of preserving them [28]. Envisioning sustainability in museums also calls into question the idea of the unlimited growth of collections which has prevailed in the world of museums [11,29]. Two issues are intertwined in this discussion. ...
... Firstly, the need to envisage storage that ensures the protection and preservation of museum objects, considering sustainable growth. Secondly, the need to implement energy-efficient storage facilities, thus reducing the negative effect on the environment [11] without compromising conservation requirements. ...
The Future Museums Project Group was created under the Portuguese Ministry of Culture with the mission of proposing recommendations for a 10-year public policy for museums, palaces, and monuments, considering sustainability, accessibility, and innovation issues and their relevance in society. Against this background, museums were understood as agents of change with a role to play in achieving a more sustainable future, and culture as a fundamental pillar for democracy and sustainable development. This study discusses the findings of the project, focusing on three features that highlight the approach adopted to sustainability, which included collections management, participation, and mediation. Drawn from empirical research, a series of concrete recommendations, both for policy makers and museums, are discussed. The study concludes by arguing that cultural policies must place sustainability at the core of their strategy in order to function as a framework to drive and implement sustainable development practices in museums and heritage. Furthermore, within the scope of post-pandemic recovery plans, climate emergency, and the energy crisis, it is even more pressing that cultural policies provide support for museums and heritage and ensure that they have the conditions and resources to be able to move forward in a more integrated manner, thus contributing to a sustainable future.
... The latest definition of a museum (ICOM, 2022) underscores the role that museums can play on this front by offering "varied experiences for education, enjoyment, reflection, and knowledge sharing" (p 3). A recent book (Garthe, 2023) adds detail, laying out specific steps that museums can take both within and beyond their walls. Yet many museumsa global community with some 95,000 members (UNESCO, 2023) -have either not made sustainability a priority or are not widely known for their efforts. ...
... Yet many museumsa global community with some 95,000 members (UNESCO, 2023) -have either not made sustainability a priority or are not widely known for their efforts. According to Garthe (2023), Museums are not explicitly identified as places that can serve as models in advancing education on science and sustainability in a participatory science society … It is the responsibility of the museum sector to ensure that it has a stronger role to play here. (p 166) This paper is for museums that want to take up that responsibility. ...
With climate change and other Anthropocene trends affecting millions every day, there is a clear need to help people find ways to live more sustainably at local, regional, and global scales. Humanity has known this for decades, and museums have a prominent role to play as trusted and accessible sources of information and inspiration, yet few have made addressing sustainability their main focus. Based on 25 years of gallery and research projects at a medium-sized museum of natural history and Indigenous cultures, this paper looks at museum-driven sustainability education (SE) from a curatorial perspective. Using an autoethnographic lens and cultural evolution as a frame of reference, I highlight the value of SE by reflecting on how it has informed past and current gallery and research projects. I also draw insights about SE from these projects and outline a general SE framework aimed at all members of the museum community.
... The-usually frontrunner-museums that adopt the market-service approach are large, reputable institutions with sustainable business models, technological maturity and experienced technical staff (Booth et al., 2022). They also belong to extensive inter-institutional and inter-governmental collaborative networks and are thus ideally positioned to maximise the potential of open culture (Garthe, 2022). Significantly, public funding often ties museums into agreed-upon resource-sharing structures (with or without charges). ...
As part of their evolving social and digital mission, museums are tasked with fostering sustainability and inclusion throughout the physical-digital continuum and increasingly focus on accessible, participatory and representative culture. While openness is key in the service of society, museums face an open culture dilemma as copyright complicates their decision-making. Despite the topic’s relevance, research is limited: little has been done to integrate the management and copyright domains, and the legal viewpoint predominates. This theoretical study adopts an interdisciplinary perspective to shed light on the open culture dilemma affecting museum strategies and practices. These aspects are closely intertwined with ethical issues and reveal contrasting perspectives within managerial and copyright frameworks. Building on convergence-divergence discourses on openness/closure of culture in these disciplines, the authors designed an exploratory matrix of approaches to open culture management in relation to copyright in museums to be operationalised and tested through empirical analysis.
... Additionally, a sustainabilityoriented museum seeks to cultivate a positive attitude toward sustainability among its visitors. This is achieved firstly by serving as an example of good practice and secondly by organizing exhibitions and activities that promote and explain sustainability principles [20]. ...
This paper aims to identify certain factors that may influence museums’ success in adopting and implementing a sustainability policy. The research hypotheses were formulated based on an in-depth study of the literature and subsequently tested using classical linear regression methodology. The empirical research is based on 86 Romanian national questionnaires collected in October and November 2016, which tracked museums’ self-reported sustainability practices. To examine the relationships between sustainability policy and independent variables, we developed three generalized linear regression models. Our results revealed that environmental behavior and some components of social responsibility (heritage exposure and community involvement) have a positive impact on implementing sustainability policies and principles within museums. Surprisingly, economic performance did not prove to have a significant influence on sustainability policy, suggesting that financial autonomy, efficiency, and productivity are not essential elements in fostering a sustainable mindset within museums. The developed models serve as valuable tools for museum managers, providing guidance in adopting appropriate managerial decisions to achieve sustainability goals. Furthermore, the empirical research offers new insights that enhance and advance current knowledge and research in the field of sustainable management in museums.
... This is the "triple-bottom-line" (3BL) sustainable management theory that sees economy, society, and environment as co-existing in a symbiotic relationship [71]. Sustainability has long been a subject of discussion in museums and cultural heritage [72][73][74][75][76][77][78], an example of which is the work on local communities and wellbeing [79]. In 2018, the Working Group on Sustainability was established in ICOM "to consider how to mainstream the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement across its range of activities," which includes supporting museums to accomplish the goals of Agenda 2030 [80]. ...
This paper considers the digital transformation of museums and, particularly, the challenges museum professionals face today in the implementation of digital practices. The exploration of the challenges that museum professionals need to address, and the values associated with the “digital” are critical in the context of current and rapid sociocultural and technological changes. This paper reviews a diverse typology of resources—including project reports and deliverables, qualitative and quantitative surveys, academic articles, edited volumes, and chapters—relevant to the implementation of digital practices in the “backstage of museums.” This essay will show that, although digital technologies have acquired a normative presence, organisational and technical challenges in the “backstage” of museums pose systemic problems in their digital transformation. These are systemic problems related to skills and knowledge, and human and financial resource deficits, which result in museum professionals exerting constant effort to keep up with the rapid changes in digital technologies with limited resources at hand and the risks of technological obsolescence and abandonment always present. Situated within the emerging literature advocating for a holistic, ethical, and sustainable digital transformation of museums, this paper draws attention to the implications of the digitalisation of museums in the transition to a responsible and sustainable digital future in a European context. It argues that a relational understanding of sustainability and ethics can be a pivotal first step towards the formation of a digitally purposeful museum in the post-digital era.
... Economic sustainability relates to effectiveness and efficiency, thus, public and private funding, partnerships and networks, employment and salary. Finally, environmental sustainability encompasses resource management, such as the reduction of energy consumption (e.g., energy efficiency in lighting and HVAC systems) and the use of renewable forms of energy, materials and waste management, recycling, emissions reduction and ecobuilding (Ásványi et al., 2021;Garthe, 2023;Pencarelli et al., 2016). ...
In the context of increasing attention on museum sustainability, this research adopts a dictionary‐based, content‐analysis approach to measure the degree of sustainability disclosed in European museum annual reports and similar documents. The analysis is carried out through the lens of institutional theory, assuming that the presence of formal and informal regulations positively affects the level of sustainability in annual reporting practices. Furthermore, the paper discusses the level of sustainability disclosed by different types of museums and the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the extent of sustainability‐oriented reporting. The article compares top public museums in the UK and France, the European countries where accountability practices are most deeply rooted for legal and cultural reasons, and where the most visited museums in the world are located. The findings show that the type of museum and the country significantly affect the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) score, whereas mentioning COVID‐19 or the year of publication does not.
... Economic sustainability relates to effectiveness and efficiency, thus, public and private funding, partnerships and networks, employment and salary. Finally, environmental sustainability encompasses resource management, such as the reduction of energy consumption (e.g., energy efficiency in lighting and HVAC systems) and the use of renewable forms of energy, materials and waste management, recycling, emissions reduction and ecobuilding (Ásványi et al., 2021;Garthe, 2023;Pencarelli et al., 2016). ...
The heritage marketing strategy often calls for the employment of a corporate museum to represent the firm's history in the eyes of internal and external observers. However, to date there has been no attempt to identify the distinctive values underlying the use of corporate museums by family firms - as opposed to non-family firms - for nurturing customers' understanding and appreciation of the company and its products. This paper aims to address this gap and investigate the identity values that drive the establishment of corporate museums by family firms and non-family firms. Using a comparative case-study (CCS) approach, the paper examines the values underlying two examples of corporate museums promoted by two different firms, one with a high level and one with a low level of family control. The study reveals differing distinctive values between family and non-family corporate museums.
Yüzyıllar boyunca iklimsel dengenin ivmelenmesinin sonucunda canlılar için yerleşiklik kazanan özgün yaşam koşulları söz konusu olmuştur. Doğal dengeyi oluşturan koşullar, özellikle Sanayi Devrimi’nden sonra insanın doğa üzerindeki etkinliğinin artmasıyla insan kaynaklı dinamiklerden daha fazla etkilenerek şekillenmiştir. Günümüzde büyüyen endüstriyel alanlar, enerji için başvurulan fosil yakıtların kullanımını artırmıştır. Konu pergelinde bu unsurlara bağlı olarak küresel ısınmanın günlük yaşamda hissedilmeye başlanan etkileri tedbirleri kurumsal, toplumsal ve bireysel ölçeklere kadar indirgemiştir. Bu denklemin kurumsal sekmesinde yer alan sanat müzelerinin pozisyonu ve refleksleri de, son yıllardaki gelişmeler neticesinde önemli hale gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, dünyadaki iklim değişimi temelli eylemlerin sembolik mekanlarından biri haline gelen sanat müzelerinin küresel ısınmaya yönelik reflekslerini örnekler üzerinden incelemek ve pozisyonunu seçik sanat müzeleri üzerinden netleştirmek olarak belirlenmiştir. Küresel ısınma kavramının, sanat müzeleri perspektifinden pozisyon ve tedbir refleksi bakımından incelenmesi, çalışmanın özgün odağını teşkil etmektedir. Bu eksende sanat müzelerinin rolünün netleştirilmesi, müzecilik alanında alınabilecek tedbir metotlarını öne çıkararak çoklu bir refleks modeli sunmaktadır. Çalışmada incelenen sanat müzelerinin, küresel ısınma tedbirleri kapsamındaki pozisyonu ve reflekslerinin yapısal şartlara göre geliştiği ve değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sanat müzelerinin idari, mekansal ve çevresel şartlarının tedbir metotlarının ağırlık dağılımını etkilediği saptanmıştır. Konuyla ilintili ulusal ve uluslararası yazınlar analiz edilerek, bu doğrultudaki çıkarımlar bilimsel verilerle değerlendirilmiştir. Makale, sanat müzelerinin küresel ısınma konusundaki pozisyonu ve tedbirlere yönelik aldığı aksiyonları parantezleyen yanlarıyla benzer türdeki çalışmalara çıkış noktaları sağlayabilecek nitelikler taşımaktadır.
Museums have left behind their history as mere warehouses, curators, and art exhibitors. Its cultural and educational functions, intrinsically linked to heritage, have expanded. Theoretically, they have become transmedia communication spaces open to everyone and committed to society and, therefore, to sustainability. The commitment now regarding education delves into the issue of learning, a more participatory process than classic education that is unidirectional and with paternalistic nuances. After renewing their concept, where joint work with the community is emphasized, the museums are assuming their new challenge: sustainability, where governance, the environment, and human capital are the axes of work to achieve a better coexistence on the planet. Thus, the museums that have been involved in exhibitions or activities around fashion invest in transferring knowledge about sustainability in this sector.
The study explores aspects related to the role of museums in promoting sustainability among the results of a comprehensive research entitled „The role of museum learning in strengthening resilience in peripheral regions – Comparative research in Görlitz District and Baranya County” conducted with the support of the Saxon State Ministry of Science, Culture and Tourism's Saxon Visiting Professors Program 2022. Among the many aspects of the role of museums in promoting resilience, the empirical research also dealt with how much and in what way the museums/heritage sites in the two investigated areas contribute to the promotion of sustainability through their exhibitions, programs and other initiatives. Within the framework of the comparative research, based on a stratified sampling procedure, structured interviews were conducted with museum educators, museum directors, and relevant senior colleagues of 13 Baranya County and 13 Görlitz District museums/heritage sites between October 2022 and January 2023. The study compares the activities of the museums included in the research from the two regions in terms of the extent to which they promote the realization of the following seven of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN’s Agenda 2030: health and well-being, quality education, gender equality, reducing inequalities, responsible consumption and production, action against climate change, sustainable cities and communities.
บทความนี้มุ่งนำเสนอแนวคิดพิพิธภัณฑ์วิทยากับบทบาทในฐานะศูนย์กลางขับเคลื่อนการพัฒนาในระดับท้องถิ่น โดยศึกษาวิเคราะห์บทเรียนการดำเนินงานของพิพิธภัณฑ์ชุมชนมีชีวิต จังหวัดบึงกาฬ และเครือข่ายพิพิธภัณฑ์ชุมชนรวม 8 แห่ง ในอำเภอโซ่พิสัยจนเกิดเป็น “โซ่พิสัยโมเดล” ที่เน้นย้ำความสำคัญของพิพิธภัณฑ์ในการริเริ่ม ขับเคลื่อน และเชื่อมโยงกิจกรรมการพัฒนาตั้งแต่ระดับชุมชน ตำบล และอำเภอ ตลอดจนยังนำเสนอแนวทางในการยกระดับต้นทุนของชุมชนแบบใหม่ที่สร้างมูลค่าทางเศรษฐกิจและกระจายรายได้ให้กับคนในท้องถิ่นได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ บทความนี้ยืนยันว่ากลไกพิพิธภัณฑ์ชุมชนมีศักยภาพสูงที่สามารถเป็นทั้งกลไกหลักและกลไกทางเลือกใหม่สำหรับการพัฒนาท้องถิ่นในประเทศไทยที่องค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นสามารถนำไปปรับใช้เพื่อยกระดับการพัฒนาในพื้นที่ได้อย่างรอบด้าน อีกทั้ง ยังพบว่าพิพิธภัณฑ์เป็นภาคส่วนที่ขาดหายไปในงานศึกษาทฤษฎีภาคีภิบาลของไทยด้วย ดังนั้น หากมีการขยายผลหรือยกระดับบทบาทของพิพิธภัณฑ์ชุมชนในพื้นที่ต่าง ๆ และมีการศึกษาวิจัยกลไกการดำเนินงานของพิพิธภัณฑ์ชุมชนเหล่านี้ในระบบความร่วมมือหนึ่ง ๆ มากยิ่งขึ้นก็จะช่วยขยายพรมแดนองค์ความรู้ของทฤษฎีภาคีภิบาลในระบบการพัฒนาท้องถิ่นได้มากขึ้น
More and more, museums are facing demands of accountability. Urges for museums to clarify their contributions to broader society come from many different sources, including governments, historians and indigenous experts. Here, we suggest that these demands for accountability may be symptomatic of a general frustration with museums’ feigned neutrality and an expression of an underlying societal need for museums to declare themselves more openly and explicitly. In this position paper, we discuss museums' feigned neutrality and what declarations of intention, ideology and values might look like.
Ontario has more than 500 museums, varying in type, size, and expressed need. They have different relationships to both government policy and the associations that represent them. Yet, research on museum governance often focuses on provincial or national organizations, neglecting community museums (i.e., smaller institutions with local or regional roots). Due to their limited resources, community museums rely on the work of spokespeople to advocate for their interests. Within Ontario museum governance, these spokespeople use the term “museum community” to indicate consensus on a course of action. According to a sociology of translation perspective, when a spokesperson speaks for others, they must first silence those in whose name they speak. As such, this paper considers how those governing the sector construct the “museum community” as actors in support of particular action. It asks who and what forms the museum community? Which voices are given a platform as museum advisors and which associations represent the so-called community? The paper concludes that municipal museums have historically had a privileged position within museum associations’ articulation of community, while provincial museum advisors have more successfully included the voices of small historical society museums. As the museum advisor’s resources have become more limited, the Ontario Museum Association (OMA) has taken a more active role in assembling those voices. However, the association has limited financial resources. As such, there continues to be a stratification of museums in museum governance.
The modern day world faces a hostile climate, depleted resources and the destruction of habitats. The dream that growth will lead to a materialistic utopia is left unfulfilled by a lack of ecological and economic capacity. The only choice is to find alternatives to increased growth, transform the structures and institutions currently shaping the world, change lifestyles and articulate a more credible vision for the future and lasting prosperity. As a reaction to the problems accrued by capitalism, new development approaches such as the concept of degrowth have evolved.
Degrowth in Tourism explores newly emerging development and philosophical approaches, that provide more equity for host communities and offer a low carbon future by looking at alternatives to the classic models of development and applying the concept of degrowth in a tourism context. Proposing that we need to shift tourism research from models which prioritise commodified tourism experiences to those that offer alternative decommodified ones, this book:
• Provides topical analysis and illustrates the key themes of degrowth;
• Discusses the relationship between tourism and degrowth from both a historic perspective and through contemporary patterns of activity;
• Includes international examples and case studies to translate theory into practical new approaches.
A comprehesive review of the subject, this book will be of great interest to researchers and practitioners within tourism, development, environment and economics, as well as those specifically studying degrowth.
This contribution deals with the concept of healthy organizations and starts with a definition of healthy organizations and healthy business. In healthy organizations, culture, climate, and practices create an environment conducive to employee health and safety as well as organizational effectiveness (Lowe, 2010). A healthy organization thus leads to a healthy and successful business (De Smet et al., 2007; Grawitch and Ballard, 2016), underlining the strong link between organizational profitability and workers’ well-being. Starting from a positive perspective focused on success and excellence, the contribution describes how positive organizational health psychology evolved from occupational health psychology to positive occupational health psychology stressing the importance of a primary preventive approach. The focus is not on deficiency and failure but on a positive organizational attitude that proposes interventions at different levels: individual, group, organization, and inter-organization. Healthy organizations need to find the right balance between their particular situation, sector, and culture, highlighting the importance of well-being and sustainability. This contribution discusses also the sustainability of work-life projects and the meaning of work in healthy organizations, stressing the importance of recognizing, respecting, and using the meaning of work as a key for growth and success. Finally, the contribution discusses new research and intervention opportunities for healthy organizations.
Museum collections are critical to contemporary biological research, but museum acquisitions have declined in recent decades, hampering researchers' ability to use collections to assess species responses to habitat modification, urbanization, and global climate change. Citizen science may be a key method to bolster museum collections data, particularly from urban regions, where ongoing data collection is critical to our understanding of ecosystem dynamics in a highly modified and variable landscape. In this study, we compare data collected as part of the citizen-science project Reptiles and Amphibians of Southern California (RASCals), hosted on the platform iNaturalist (www.inaturalist.org), to data in the VertNet database (www.vertnet.org), which houses millions of museum collection records from over 250 natural-history collections, for four focal species, including a native lizard of conservation concern that has declined with urbanization, a native lizard that is widespread in urban areas, and two invasive aquatic species. We compared numbers of VertNet records over time to modern RASCals records, and the number of records collected from urban, suburban, and protected areas from both databases. For all species, citizen-science records were generated much more rapidly than museum records. For three of our four focal species, RASCals participants over 27 months documented from 70 to 750% more records than were added to the VertNet database after 1990. For the urban-tolerant southern alligator lizard, RASCals participants collected nearly 45 times more modern urban records than are contained in the VertNet database. For all other species, the majority of RASCals records were collected within suburban or other highly modified landscapes, demonstrating the value of citizen science for collecting data within urban and suburban ecosystems. As new museum acquisitions decline, citizen-science projects like RASCals may become critical to the maintenance of modern species-distribution data.
Through their unique combination of specimen collections, scientific and public education expertise, and wide audience reach and trust, natural history museums (NHMs) are obvious settings for bridging conservation science and education through citizen science. Building on over 100 years of amateur naturalist contributions to biodiversity science, a wide range of NHM-based citizen science programs have emerged recently. Yet no comparative studies of the conservation outcomes of this work exist. Here we ask, what is the evidence that NHM citizen science contributes to conservation, what kinds of programs and strategies do so, and how could this approach be better realized for conservation goals? We analyzed 44 citizen science programs across three museums (one U.K., two U.S.) to assess whether and how they contribute to conservation-relevant outcomes. We found evidence that they support conservation both directly, through site and species management, and indirectly through research, education and policy impacts. This study has implications for understanding the role NHMs can play in maximizing the socio-ecological impacts of citizen science, including bringing citizen science to new audiences, mobilizing volunteers to collect and analyze data to study species invasions and impacts of global changes, and conducting locally-relevant research in urban systems. NHM citizen science can provide multiple entry-points and levels of engagement for participants in science and access to new means of studying biodiversity, both in the field and virtually. From our findings we recommend collaboration among the research and education staff within NHMs and other similar conservation organizations, as well as partnerships with external organizations to successfully contribute to conservation outcomes.
This study, based on in-depth interviews with 45 practitioners in the emerging field of environmental sustainability, argues for a more nuanced approach to studying the meaningfulness of work. Drawing from the tension-centered approach, we posit that sustainability practitioners derived meaningfulness in tensional ways from circumstances and factors that were both enabling and constraining, stemming from various organizational, professional and political structures. This occurs through ongoing negotiation that spans everyday work processes, the perceived impact of such work, and participants’ career positioning. In addition to examining meaningfulness as a dynamic and contested negotiation, rather than a purely positive outcome, the political implications of such meaning-making are traced. We close by discussing some implications for future research on meaningfulness of work.
This edited volume critically engages with contemporary scholarship on museums and their engagement with the communities they purport to serve and represent. Foregrounding new curatorial strategies, it addresses a significant gap in the available literature, exploring some of the complex issues arising from recent approaches to collaboration between museums and their communities.
The book unpacks taken-for-granted notions such as scholarship, community, participation and collaboration, which can gloss over the complexity of identities and lead to tokenistic claims of inclusion by museums. Over sixteen chapters, well-respected authors from the US, Australia and Europe offer a timely critique to address what happens when museums put community-minded principles into practice, challenging readers to move beyond shallow notions of political correctness that ignore vital difference in this contested field.
Contributors address a wide range of key issues, asking pertinent questions such as how museums negotiate the complexities of integrating collaboration when the target community is a living, fluid, changeable mass of people with their own agendas and agency. When is engagement real as opposed to symbolic, who benefits from and who drives initiatives? What particular challenges and benefits do artist collaborations bring? Recognising the multiple perspectives of community participants is one thing, but how can museums incorporate this successfully into exhibition practice?
Students of museum and cultural studies, practitioners and everyone who cares about museums around the world will find this volume essential reading.
The open-science movement seeks to increase transparency, reproducibility, and access to scientific data. As primary data, preserved biological specimens represent records of global biodiversity critical to research, conservation, national security, and public health. However, a recent decrease in specimen preservation in public biorepositories is a major barrier to open biological science. As such, there is an urgent need for a cultural shift in the life sciences that normalizes specimen deposition in museum collections. Museums embody an open-science ethos and provide long-term research infrastructure through curation, data management and security, and community-wide access to samples and data, thereby ensuring scientific reproducibility and extension. We propose that a paradigm shift from specimen ownership to specimen stewardship can be achieved through increased open-data requirements among scientific journals and institutional requirements for specimen deposition by funding and permitting agencies, and through explicit integration of specimens into existing data management plan guidelines and annual reporting.
This chapter will provide a framework for the development of a sustainabilitySustainabilitystrategyStrategy within an organisation. It is recommended that a compelling case for change is built. Once this is established, (and bought into) the business can define its ambition and focus on the steps necessary to achieve it. The theoretical lens of the strategist is applied throughout, with core strategic principles and frameworks applied to developing a sustainabilitySustainabilitystrategyStrategy; however, this chapter will not evaluate the moral obligation of engaging with sustainabilitySustainability, nor take an ethical stance. Corporate sustainabilitySustainability can be considered, if harnessed correctly, as a potential strategic asset, and this chapter will endeavour to highlight that the successful development of a corporate sustainabilitySustainabilitystrategyStrategy could significantly contribute to an organisation’s long-term competitiveness. The process described in this chapter reflects both relevant theory and the practical experience of the author. It is recommended that all stages of the framework are followed. At each stage, relevant tools to employ are suggested; one can follow the recommendations or indeed make use of alternatives.
This book studies the relationship between the arts and the economy. By applying economic thinking to arts and culture, it analyses markets for art and cultural goods, highlights specific facets of art auctions and discusses determinants of the economic success of artists. The author also sheds new light on various cultural areas, such as the performing and visual arts, festivals, films, museums and cultural heritage. Lastly, the book discusses cultural policies, the role of the state in financing culture, and the relationship between the arts and happiness.
Die Digitalisierung transformiert rasant die globale Wirtschaft – mit neuen Problemen für Individuen, Gemeinschaft und den Planeten. Doch was bedeutet dies praktisch für unternehmerische Verantwortung und Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement?
Dieses Buch beschreibt fundiert, wie sich Unternehmensverantwortung im Zeitalter von Big Data und Künstlicher Intelligenz verändert und wie Corporate Digital Responsibility zu einem nachhaltigen Wettbewerbsvorteil für Unternehmen im digitalen Wandel führen kann. Es liefert Verantwortlichen in Unternehmen einen umfassenden Leitfaden, wie sie die innovativen Aspekte professionell in der Praxis umsetzen können und versetzt sie in die Lage, den Unternehmenserfolg im Zuge der Digitalisierung gesellschaftlich verantwortlich zu gestalten.
- Sie erfahren, welche „unerwünschten Nebenwirkungen“ die Digitalisierung hat und wie sich Unternehmensverantwortung verändert.
- Sie können den Status der Corporate Digital Responsibility im Unternehmen bestimmen.
- Sie sind in der Lage, eine Strategie der Digitalverantwortung zu entwickeln und Managementinstrumente gezielt zur Umsetzung einzusetzen.
- Sie meistern die Herausforderungen im dynamischen Markt- und Gesellschaftsumfeld und erzielen Wirkung. Best-Practice-Beispiele von namhaften Pionierunternehmen helfen dabei, einen eigenen Weg zu finden.
Dieser Leitfaden ist eine Einladung an Führungspersönlichkeiten in Unternehmen, Corporate-Responsibility-Verantwortliche, Nachhaltigkeitsberater und alle Interessierten, die Möglichkeiten einer verantwortungsvollen Digitalisierung kennenzulernen und selbst unternehmerisch auszugestalten. Er bildet einen gut strukturierten Einstieg in das noch junge Fachgebiet des Managements und der Unternehmensführung.
Die Autorin
Dr. Saskia Dörr ist Nachhaltigkeitsmanagerin und Digitalexpertin mit über zwanzig Jahren Erfahrung in Managementpositionen der Informations- und Kommunikationsbranche. Als Gründerin der Unternehmensberatung WiseWay unterstützt sie ihre Kunden auf dem Weg zu einer nachhaltigen und ethischen Digitalisierung im Sinne einer Corporate Digital Responsibility.
This book discusses the implementation of sustainability in corporate governance mechanisms since 2013 and assesses how much the role of the Board of Directors has changed as a result. The study explores the impact of legislation upon corporate governance in two European contexts, the UK and Italy, which have been affected differently by changes in national regulations since 2013. This investigation relies first on the analysis of interviews administered to the boards of directors of Italian firms, to highlight how far sustainability objectives were considered a real priority for their firms and how their role evolved in terms of specific duties and practices. Second, thanks to a rich dataset from 2013 to 2017, the investigation considers the corporate governance reports of top Italian and British listed firms, to identify how the integration of sustainability within corporate governance has been evolving since 2013, and how it has been disclosed. This insider perspective provides the reader with a set of tools useful for analysing firms’ engagement towards sustainability, and for assessing whether listed firms practice what they preach.
Dieses Buch liefert einen kompakten Überblick über das Thema Change Management. Die 3., vollständig aktualisierte und erweiterte Auflage enthält eine verständliche Einführung zu den Grundlagen und Techniken des organisatorischen Wandels und vermittelt praxisnah die wichtigsten Erfolgsfaktoren. Die bewährte Struktur des Werks findet sich auch in dieser Neuauflage. Die Lektüre eignet sich sowohl für Praktiker als auch im Rahmen von Lehrveranstaltungen an Hochschulen und Universitäten. Themen wie die Stakeholder-Analyse, die Nutzung des Social Intranets für Kommunikation und Ideengewinnung oder Intrapreneurship-Programme und eine ganze Reihe neuer Fallbeispiele ergänzen dieses umfassende Werk.
Aus dem Inhalt:
--Die Bedeutung von Wandel in der heutigen Unternehmenswelt
--Hemmnisse des Wandels
--Ursachen gescheiterten Unternehmenswandels
--Erfolgsfaktoren gelungenen Wandels: Person, Vision, Kommunikation, Partizipation, Integration, Re-Edukation, Projektorganisation, Konsultation, Evolution
--Fallbeispiele, Checklisten und Praxistipps
Der Autor:
Prof. Dr. Thomas Lauer lehrt seit über zehn Jahren Unternehmensführung an der Technischen Hochschule Aschaffenburg. Zu seinen Spezialgebieten zählen, neben dem Change Management, das Strategische Management, Innovationsmanagement sowie kundenorientierte Unternehmensführung. In seine Lehr- und Publikationstätigkeit bringt er profunde Erfahrungen aus der langjährigen Beratung für namhafte Großunternehmen ein und verbindet diese mit aktuellen Entwicklungen aus Theorie und empirischer Forschung.
Graphic design is frequently thought of as a purely decorative effort. Yet these efforts can be responsible for shocking impacts on natural resources just to produce a barely-glanced-at piece. Sustainable Graphic Design: Tools, Systems, and Strategies for Innovative Print Design helps designers view graphic design as a holistic process. By exploring eco-conscious materials and production techniques, it shows designers how to create more effective and more sustainable designs.
Sustainable Graphic Design opens your eyes to the bigger picture of design seen from the viewpoints of the audience, the creative vendor, their suppliers, and society as a whole. Chapters are written by a wide range of sustainable design pioneers and practitioners—including graphic designers, creative managers, marketing consultants, environmentalists, researchers, and psychologists—giving you critical information on materials and processes. Case studies illustrate and tie concepts together.
Sustainability isn't a fad or a movement; it's a long-term paradigm shift. With this forward-looking toolkit, you'll be able to infuse your work with sustainability systems thinking, empowering you to play your role in achieving a future where design and sustainability are natural partners.
Dieser Beitrag widmet sich dem Digital Audience Development von Museen und bietet einen Einblick in die Herausforderungen und Aufgaben der Digitalisierung für diese. Dazu wird einleitend das Konzept Audience Development vorgestellt. Anschließend wird der Begriff der Digitalisierung innerhalb dieses idealtypischen Modells eingeordnet. Um dies zu gewährleisten, werden die Aufgaben der Digitalisierung im Museum definiert und darauf aufbauend die Potenziale der Digitalisierung für das übergeordnete Konzept Audience Development veranschaulicht. Zudem wird auf die Nutzung digitaler Hilfsmittel für Mitarbeitende im Museum eingegangen.
Der Beitrag kommentiert unterschiedliche „digitale Strategien“ in Museen, die, wie andere Kulturbetriebe, durch die Digitalisierung mit neuen Herausforderungen konfrontiert sind. Zunächst werden zahlreiche internationale Beispiele aufgeführt, die das Museum auch als digital erweiterten Lernort entwickeln und neben den analogen auch den digitalen Besuchern eine besondere Wertschätzung entgegen bringen. Daran anschließend wird der Idealentwurf einer digitalen Strategie skizziert, die nicht als zeitlich begrenztes Projekt oder starres Konzept verstanden werden, sondern als dynamische Konstruktion auf die sich permanent verändernden technologischen und gesellschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen reagieren soll. Abschliessend wird das Projekt „Digitale Strategien für Museen“ der Landesstelle für die nichtstaatlichen Museen in Bayern vorgestellt.
Most companies today have some commitment to corporate social responsibility, but implementing these initiatives can be particularly challenging. While a lot has been written on ethical and strategic factors, there is still a dearth of information on the practical nuts and bolts. And whereas with most other organizational initiatives the sole objective is improved financial performance, sustainability broadens the focus to include social and environmental performance, which is much more difficult to measure. Now updated throughout with new examples and new research, this is a complete guide to implementing and measuring the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives. It draws on Marc Epstein's and new coauthor Adriana Rejc Buhovac's solid academic foundation and extensive consulting work and includes best practices from dozens of companies in Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Australia, and Africa. This is the ultimate how-to guide for corporate leaders, strategists, academics, sustainability consultants, and anyone else with an interest in actually putting sustainability ideas into practice and making sure they accomplish their goals.
Nachhaltigkeit als neuer unternehmerischer Ansatz verstanden, führt bei Unternehmen zu mehr Stabilität, Zukunftssicherheit in einer globalisierten Welt und generiert zwangsläufig Alleinstellungsmerkmale. Zur erfolgreichen Transformation eines Unternehmens von einer klassisch betriebswirtschaftlich geprägten Unternehmensführung zu einem nachhaltigen Unternehmen ist eine Reihe von Schritten notwendig, die zudem in der richtigen Reihenfolge abgearbeitet werden müssen. Der Beitrag „Nachhaltigkeit als Erfolgsfaktor“ beschreibt die wichtigsten Stationen in diesem Transformationsprozess. Dem Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement als „Schlüssel zum Erfolg“ mit den notwendigen Tricks zur Überwindung von Bedenken und Ängsten der beteiligten Menschen wird dabei eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet.
Dieses kompakte Buch zeigt Ihnen aktuelle Erkenntnisse der Psychologie zur Motivation von Mitarbeitern, mit denen Sie die Arbeitsleistung um 20 bis 40 Prozent steigern können! – Dies ist dringend nötig, denn Mitarbeiter verbringen laut Studien häufig die Hälfte ihrer Arbeitszeit unproduktiv, oft einfach mit Fremdbeschäftigung. Und erst wenige Unternehmen haben begonnen, die neuen Konzepte einzusetzen. - Gehen Sie mit diesem Fachtext voran und lernen Sie die Macht der Motivation kennen und gemeinsam mit Ihren Mitarbeitern wirksam einzusetzen. Holen Sie sich den Stand der Forschung und nachhaltig bewährte Erkenntnisse. Nutzen Sie die entscheidenden Tipps und Übungen – für mehr Freude an der Leistung, Mitarbeiterbindung, mehr Innovation und Wettbewerbskraft.
Der Inhalt
• Die Einflüsse auf Motivation bei der Arbeit und im Arbeitsumfeld gestalten
• Motivierte Mitarbeiter anhand verlässlicher Merkmale erkennen und entwickeln
• Motivationssteigernde Zustände bei Ihren Mitarbeitern fördern
• Forschungsergebnisse und Theorien der Mitarbeitermotivation kennenlernen, hinterfragen und anwenden
Die Zielgruppen
• Etablierte oder angehende Führungskräfte
• Experten, die den Kontext für Arbeitsmotivation gestalten
• Mitarbeiter, die zu einem motivierenden Arbeitsumfeld beitragen wollen
• Dozenten, Trainer und Berater
• (MBA-)Studierende
Der Autor
Prof. Dr. Florian Becker ist Spezialist für Wirtschaftspsychologie. Der Diplom-Psychologe berät dazu seit mehr als 15 Jahren Unternehmen und trainiert Führungskräfte. Bekannt ist er als gefragter Experte aus Vorträgen, Beiträgen in Fachzeitschriften und zahllosen Interviews. Mit seinem Team arbeitet und forscht er international – für mehr Motivation bei Mitarbeitern.
Interactive Media for Sustainability presents a conceptually rich, critical account of the design and use of interactive technologies to engage the public with sustainability. Treating interactive technologies as forms of mediation, the book argues that these technologies advance multiple understandings of sustainability. At stake are the ways sustainability encodes the complexity of interrelated social and natural systems, and how it conveys the malleability of the future. The book’s argument is anchored in a diverse set of theoretical resources that include contemporary work in human-computer interaction (HCI), social theory, media studies, and the philosophy of technology, and is animated by a variety of examples, including interactive simulations, persuasive apps, digital games, art installations, and decision-support tools.
With more individuals wanting their work to be meaningful, rather than just a source of income, more organizations recognize that fostering meaningful work is crucial for engaging their employees. Although scholars from diverse disciplines have made valuable efforts to examine how individual, job, organizational, and societal factors contribute to meaningful work, there is still no cohesive understanding of how these factors relate to one another and, thus, how organizations can proactively foster experiences of meaningful work for their employees. This paper reports the results of a multilevel review on the factors that contribute to workers’ experiences of meaningful work and discusses how these factors are related to each other to enable the experience of meaningful work in ways that organizations can promote. Our review suggests that to enable individuals to move beyond satisfying their basic needs by constructing their own sense of meaningful work, organizations should build and maintain work environments characterized by a) well-designed, good-fitting, and quality jobs that provide opportunities to job craft, b) facilitative leaders, cultures, policies and practices, and high-quality relationships, and c) an access to decent work. Our review demonstrates that there is a need for scholars to develop a theory that explains how individual, organizational and societal factors interact to foster meaningful work in organizations. Future research should also explore how organizations can target personality and societal factors that contribute to meaningful work.
Transdisciplinary sustainability science is focussing on the integration of different forms of knowledge. Despite significant methodological diversity, the dominant mode of knowledge production, representation and communication in transdisciplinary research is, however, quite traditional: it is based on gathering data followed by a text-based scientific argumentation. In recent times, arts-based and sensory approaches in social and cultural sciences have been employed to avoid scientific reductionism and gain more holistic insights into human experiences. The potential of arts-based research for opening up new ways of knowledge production and communication in sustainability science should be seized.
Dieses Kapitel beleuchtet zunächst aktuelle Transformationsprozesse des Wissenschaftssystems und damit einhergehende Konfliktfelder. Wie auf nachhaltige Entwicklung an Hochschulen derzeit eingegangen wird und welche Handlungsfelder dabei eine Rolle spielen, wird skizziert. Besonders der Anspruch eines „Whole Institution Approach“ wird betont und Forschungsergebnisse zu Förder- und Hemmfaktoren von Nachhaltigkeit an Hochschulen werden überblicksartig dargestellt. Als praktisches Anwendungsfeld wird nachhaltigkeitsorientierte Organisations- und Personalentwicklung spezifiziert und erläutert, anhand verschiedener Kategorien sowie exemplarischer Maßnahmen, Methoden und Instrumente. So wird etwa als analytische Methode zur Konkretisierung von nachhaltigkeitsorientiertem Handeln am Arbeitsplatz das sogenannte ATIS-Modell vorgestellt, bevor abschließend weiterführende Forschungsperspektiven für die Psychologie sowie vor allem für eine inter- und transdisziplinäre, innovative Nachhaltigkeitsforschung gezeichnet werden.
Narratives structure human comprehension, and shape our ability to imagine and achieve transformed futures within the 1.5 degree threshold. Examining tensions between narrative as a communication technique and as a spatial-temporal cognitive structure, this paper brings these different understandings together in a conversation for transformative global change. We suggest that filling the ‘information deficit’ with improved communication of a single, unifying and global narrative about Earth systems is necessary but insufficient: filling the ‘narrative deficit’ requires engagement with the protagonists, timelines, and places that provide situated agency in identifying and navigating uncertainty and risk. Transformations to sustainability will require recognizing and engaging multiple, diverse experiences of agency, a process that attention to narrative can help facilitate.
This book discusses the tasks and functions of corporate governance in the light of current challenges and the dynamics that arise from a broader approach to company management and the integration of corporate governance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability. Addressing the corporate governance shortcomings that are believed to have contributed to the recent financial crisis, it explores the interplay between corporate governance and CSR, and includes examples of company practice to show how such changes affect the practices of shareholders, boards of directors and regulators. In particular, the book examines shareholders’ activities, their different investment strategies, specific reporting expectations and the submission of proposals to the annual meeting. Further, for boards of directors it explores the need to revise their tasks with respect to the criteria for executive appointments, their corporate strategy, performance measures and diversity recommendations, while for directors it provides recommendations to reconsider the structure of executive pay and performance incentives. Lastly, for regulators the book investigates the need to introduce new laws addressing, for instance, the need for integrated reporting, limiting the voice of short term oriented shareholders and providing guidelines for executive compensation.
As ‘disruption’ is currently becoming the new buzzword in boardrooms, this book advocates that the most striking opportunity for business today is making itself relevant to its stakeholders. By presenting a new route via innovative business models, a transformational corporate approach to stakeholder-orientated value creation is advocated in the form of a new stakeholder management framework. This conceptual framework provides both a theoretical and practical management solution for re-inventing the organisation via an enlightened perspective of the purpose of business in society. The new approach transforms the existing business model via an inclusive, collaborative, connected mechanism of stakeholder value creation into an innovative business model through which the corporation mobilises the investment, conversion, and sustainability of the resources it employs in ways which are designed to be optimally relevant to its stakeholders. The overall impact results in innovative business models serving as catalysts for creating stakeholder-orientated value in place of the traditional, more narrowly-focused shareholder profit-maximisation aim of conventional business models.
THE SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLER'I see [Raworth] as the John Maynard Keynes of the 21st Century: by reframing the economy, she allows us to change our view of who we are, where we stand, and what we want to be.' George Monbiot, Guardian'This is sharp, significant scholarship . . . Thrilling.' Times Higher Education'[A] really important economic and political thinker.' Andrew MarrEconomics is broken. It has failed to predict, let alone prevent, financial crises that have shaken the foundations of our societies. Its outdated theories have permitted a world in which extreme poverty persists while the wealth of the super-rich grows year on year. And its blind spots have led to policies that are degrading the living world on a scale that threatens all of our futures.Can it be fixed? In Doughnut Economics, Oxford academic Kate Raworth identifies seven critical ways in which mainstream economics has led us astray, and sets out a roadmap for bringing humanity into a sweet spot that meets the needs of all within the means of the planet. En route, she deconstructs the character of ‘rational economic man’ and explains what really makes us tick. She reveals how an obsession with equilibrium has left economists helpless when facing the boom and bust of the real-world economy. She highlights the dangers of ignoring the role of energy and nature’s resources – and the far-reaching implications for economic growth when we take them into account. And in the process, she creates a new, cutting-edge economic model that is fit for the 21st century – one in which a doughnut-shaped compass points the way to human progress.Ambitious, radical and rigorously argued, Doughnut Economics promises to reframe and redraw the future of economics for a new generation.'An innovative vision about how we could refocus away from growth to thriving.' Daily Mail'Doughnut Economics shows how to ensure dignity and prosperity for all people.' Huffington Post
The number of women working in museum settings has grown exponentially since the start of the twentieth century. Women in the Museum explores the professional lives of the sector’s female workforce today and examines the challenges they face working in what was, until recently, a male-dominated field. Drawing on testimony gathered from surveys, focus groups, and interviews with female museum professionals, the book examines the nature of gender bias in the profession, as well as women’s varied responses to it. In doing so, it clarifies how women’s work in museums differs from men’s and reveals the entrenched nature of gender bias in the museum workplace. Offering a clear argument as to why museums must create, foster, and protect an equitable playing field, the authors incorporate a gender equity agenda for individuals, institutions, graduate programs, and professional associations. Written by experienced museum professionals, Women in the Museum is the first book to examine the topic in depth. It is useful reading for students and academics in the fields of museum studies and gender studies, as well as museum professionals and gender equality advocates.
Workplace inclusion is a hot topic, defined as an organizational environment where everyone can reach his or her full potential. Much has been written over the last decade or so and themes of various annual conferences across the country have emphasized the need for socially conscious museums. Creating inclusive work environments and work practices are crucial to move the museum field forward. I argue that a focus on workplace inclusion places an emphasis on developing staff that have the knowledge, capabilities, and skillsets to be inclusive within daily work activities. Organization development, a practice that utilizes systems thinking to create change within organizations, can help institutions to build the capacity to become more agile, learning organizations. Adult learning theory, applied across the system, provides a framework for staff to learn how to be more inclusive. This article examines what we mean by inclusion, why it matters, and how a critical approach to organizational theory might help us better understand how to prioritize inclusion in our everyday workplace practices. Drawing on specific examples from the Minnesota Historical Society, I show how a systems approach to thinking about inclusion and the Andragogical Model can help museums build a more inclusive staff.
The Politics of Museums is the first book to thoroughly examine how and why museums are political institutions. Clive Gray investigates the ways in which power, ideology and legitimacy affect the operations of both individual museums and entire museums sectors around the world. The analysis distinguishes between the international, national and local politics of museums and deals with such topics as the instrumentalisation of museums, globalisation and museums, the symbolic role of museums, and how museum professionals affect the operations of the museums sector. The politicization and depoliticization of museums are explained and the political significance of museums for nations, governments and citizens is identified. This analysis of museums marks an original approach to an often undervalued societal resource and will be enjoyed by all who have an interest in the world of museums.
Die Kommunikation des Klimawandels und der sich aus ihm ergebenden Erfordernisse für Klimaschutz- und Klimaanpassungshandeln kann dazu beitragen, das Problembewusstsein zu steigern, Akteure in Politik, Wirtschaft und Bevölkerung zum Handeln zu befähigen und zu motivieren sowie die Akzeptanz für Klimaschutzmaßnahmen zu erhöhen. Die mangelnde Wahrnehm- und Erfahrbarkeit des Klimawandels, die Notwendigkeit des Vertrauens in Experten- und Mediendarstellungen, geringe persönliche Risikowahrnehmungen und Tendenzen, sich durch den globalen und komplexen Klimawandel überfordert zu fühlen, erschweren jedoch eine handlungsmotivierende Kommunikation. Zudem bestehen in den Wahrnehmungen des Klimawandels und den Bereitschaften zu Klimaschutzhandeln große Unterschiede zwischen Bevölkerungsgruppen und -milieus als auch zwischen Wirtschaftssektoren, sodass zielgruppenspezifische Kommunikationsmaßnahmen erforderlich sind. Wie in mehreren Studien gezeigt, ist das Wissen über den Klimawandel nur einer von vielen Einflussfaktoren – und meist nur ein geringer – für das Klimaschutzhandeln und die Akzeptanz von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen. Nach Darstellung dieser Herausforderungen der Klima(schutz)kommunikation zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag Wege auf, wie wichtige kommunikativ beeinflussbare Einflussfaktoren adressiert werden können. So sollten möglichst lokale bzw. regionale Informationen zu den Folgen des Klimawandels kommuniziert werden, um persönliche Risikowahrnehmungen zu steigern. Um das Bewusstsein für eigene Handlungsmöglichkeiten und -notwendigkeiten zu erhöhen und Abwehrreaktionen zu mindern, ist die Kommunikation über soziale Modelle, Vorbilder bzw. Good-Practice-Beispiele, in denen Klimaschutz erfolgreich umgesetzt wurde, ein sehr wirksames Mittel. Um Emotionen gezielt zu adressieren, können attraktive, mit angenehmen Emotionen verbundene Visionen einer CO2-neutralen Zukunft gemeinsam entwickelt und verfolgt werden. Um auf die in einer bestimmten Gruppe bzw. bei einer bestimmten Person jeweils relevanten Barrieren des Klimaschutz- und Anpassungshandelns einzugehen, erscheinen dialogische Kommunikationsformen (z. B. Workshops und Beratungsgespräche) vielversprechender als einseitige Kommunikationsformate (z. B. Flyer oder Broschüren). Jedoch gibt es kaum empirische Studien, die die Wirksamkeit der Klima(schutz)kommunikation untersuchen. Daher wird im abschließenden Teil des Beitrags auf die Notwendigkeit einer verbesserten Evaluation von Formaten zur Klimakommunikation eingegangen.
How would our understanding of museums change if we used the Vintage Wireless Museum or the Museum of Witchcraft as examples – rather than the British Museum or the Louvre? Although there are thousands of small, independent, single-subject museums in the UK, Europe and North America, the field of museum studies remains focused almost exclusively on major institutions.
In this ground-breaking new book, Fiona Candlin reveals how micromuseums challenge preconceived ideas about what museums are and how they operate. Based on extensive fieldwork and analysis of more than fifty micromuseums, she shows how they offer dramatically different models of curation, interpretation and visitor experience, and how their analysis generates new perspectives on subjects such as display, objects, collections, architecture, and the public sphere.
The first-ever book dedicated to the subject, Micromuseology provides a platform for radically rethinking key debates within museum studies. Destined to transform the field, it is essential reading for students and researchers in museum studies, anthropology, material culture studies, and visual culture.
Bitter personal experience and meta-analysis converge on the conclusion that people do not always do the things that they intend to do. This paper synthesizes research on intention–behavior relations to address questions such as: How big is the intention–behavior gap? When are intentions more or less likely to get translated into action? What kinds of problems prevent people from realizing their intentions? And what strategies show promise in closing the intention–behavior gap and helping people do the things that they intend to do?
Calls for greater inclusion in US museums have recently become hard to ignore. The intersection of inclusion and museums, however, has longer roots and has primarily been understood as a means for museums to ensure and increase public access to their activities and services. Despite the field’s long-standing attention to inclusion, visitor and employee demographic studies do not indicate that US museums’ publicness significantly extends beyond a privileged subset of the population. In this paper, I argue that inclusion in museums is a matter of social justice. Using Nancy Fraser’s two-dimensional theory of social justice, I argue that inclusion efforts in museums have thus far been unsuccessful because there has been (1) insufficient attention to demands of recognition and (2) insufficient coordination of redistribution and recognition endeavours. Developing a proper appreciation of the justice-structured aspect of inclusion is more likely to produce the results to which many museum professionals aspire.
In einer norddeutschen Stadt beschlossen zu Beginn der neunziger Jahre die Verwaltung sowie Einzelhandels- und Dienstleistungsunternehmen, eine private Ciry-Management-Organisation zu gründen, um die Kräfte von Kommune, ortsansässiger Wirtschaft und Verbänden zu bündeln. Zu den ausgewählten Gestaltungsfeldern gehörten die Verbesserung von Stadtbild und innerstädtischer Verkehrsanbindung, die Optimierung des Branchenmix in der Innenstadt und die Erhöhung der Stadtfrequenz durch Event-Marketing (Märkte, Feste, usw.) sowie weitere Instrumente der Kommunikationspolitik für Kommunen.
Die Welt im Jahr 2011: Der Euro ist in Gefahr. Das Risiko eines Zusammenbruchs der europäischen Währungsunion ist real. Es bedarf einer nachhaltigen Verminderung der Staatsverschuldung und einer an Nachhaltigkeit orientierten Haushalts- und Finanzpolitik mit entsprechenden Strukturen in den Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union.
Die Dicke aller Äste eines Baumes in einer bestimmten Höhe gleicht – nach Beobachtung von Leonardo da Vinci (The notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci, (abridged from the transl. by MacCurdy E, ed with an introd. by Linscott RN) (vol 156), The Modern Library of the world’s best books, New York, 1957, Nr. 394) – fast immer der Dicke seines Stammes (Deussen, Computergenerierte Pflanzen. Technik und Design digitaler Pflanzenwelten, Springer, Heidelberg, 2002, 35; Mandelbrot, Die fraktale Geometrie der Natur, Birkhäuser, Basel, 1987, 168). Im November 2011 wurde diese Gesetzmäßigkeit von Christophe Eloy mit der Hilfe von Computersimulationen und Berechnungen erklärt (Physical Review Letters, 107(25), 2011). „Dabei zeigte sich, – schrieb Spektrumdirekt (Warum Bäume wachsen, wie sie wachsen, 2011) in der Rezension auf den Aufsatz von Eloy – dass ein Baum am besten gegen Wind gewappnet ist, wenn er gemäß da Vincis Formel wächst … Und das bei minimalem Materialeinsatz.“ Folglich sichert die fraktale, selbstähnlich organisierte Struktur von Bäumen – vom Stamm bis zum letzten Ast und Blatt – ihre nachhaltende Standhaftigkeit und Widerstandsfähigkeit. Die Beeinflussung des pflanzlichen Wachstums durch häufig auftretende Berührungsreize (beispielsweise der Zwergwuchs an windexponierten Stellen) – der sogenannten Thigmomorphogenese (Lexikon, Lexikon der Biologie, 2011) – auf der Zellebene wurde durch die Wissenschaft allerdings noch nicht erklärt (Schopfer und Brennicke, Pflanzenphysiologie, 7. Aufl., Spektrum-Akademischer, Heidelberg, 2010, 585). Die Regel von Leonardo da Vinci und das Phänomen der Thigmomorphogenese lässt sich auf den Bereich der Unternehmenskommunikation im Allgemeinen und auf den Bereich der CSR-Kommunikation im Besonderen übertragen.
Die Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung von Unternehmen hat in den letzten beiden Dekaden sowohl in der Nachhaltigkeits-/CSR- als auch in der Rechnungswesen- und Kommunikationsliteratur sehr stark an Bedeutung gewonnen. Dabei wurden unterschiedlichste theoretische und empirische Analysezugänge gewählt, internationale Vergleiche vorgenommen, Inhalte, Kanäle der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung und Branchen untersucht und Kriteriensets für die Güte von Nachhaltigkeitsberichten entwickelt.
Vereinfacht kann man sich ein Unternehmen als Mikrogesellschaft vorstellen – eine Organisation (ein System), die in wesentlichen Elementen selbstreferenziell Kontingenz erzeugt, das heißt, sich als strukturiert (effizient), kompatibel (interaktionsfähig) und notwendig (effektiv), und damit gesellschaftlich kongruent erachtet. Wie in der Gesellschaft als Ganzes, sind wesentliche Handlungen ritualisiert und Kriterien der Wahrnehmung und Wertung kollektiviert.
Da die meisten Unternehmen existenziell Obsoletes leisten (Bedürfnisorientierung), benötigen sie eine hohe Erkenntnis- und Kommunikationsfähigkeit. Diese entsteht in der Bezugnahme der unternehmerischen Tätigkeit zu kulturellen Wertebildungsprozessen, gesellschaftlicher Kommunikation und Interaktion – bedarf also einer (bewussten) Kontextualisierung des Unternehmens mit Gesellschaft. Entscheidend dabei ist, dass Reflexionsarbeit nur in der Unterscheidung von Kontexten stattfinden kann, also in der differenzierenden Bewertung von Beschreibungen (Konstruktionen) von Wirklichkeit.
Trotz dieser Erkenntnis setzen Innovationsprozesse und wertebasierte Fragestellungen in Unternehmen häufig erst innerhalb der Hierarchien und Organisationsstrukturen des Unternehmens an – tatsächlich sind Werte soziale Konstruktionen, gleich ob in einer Gesellschaft als Ganzes oder im Subsystem Unternehmen; können also nicht unter Ausschluss von kulturellen Kategorien schlüssig thematisiert werden.
Systemisches künstlerisches Arbeiten bzw. kritische Ästhetik können in Unternehmen und Organisationen zur ästhetisch-reflexiven Erzeugung und Vermittlung von Erkenntnissen und Bedeutungen beitragen. Kunst wirkt dabei, anders als Erklärungsmodelle und Formalisierungen aus Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft, nicht vereinfachend (definitorisch) und damit einschränkend in Wahrnehmung und Reflexion, sondern ermöglicht einen indirekten Eindruck von Komplexität.
/// Full Text: http://artrelated.net/ruediger_john/kritische-aesthetik-wirtschaft-wissenschaft-ruediger-john.pdf ///
/// Full Text: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-662-47759-5_4 ///
