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Shatdhauta Ghrita: A Promising agent in the development of herbal creams

Authors:
  • Mumbai Educational Trust Institute of Pharmacy Nashik

Abstract and Figures

Ayurvedic is quite popular, being practiced throughout the country including tribal and remote areas where other modes of therapies are not readily available. Though it lacks the elaborate organizational structure of its modern counterpart, it has a significant impact on meeting the health-care needs of a large portion of India. Clarified butter fat (cow ghee) is washed one hundred times in water to create a traditional Ayurvedic preparation known as Shatdhauta ghrita (100 times washed ghee). This process transforms ghee into a soft, cooling, nourishing, silky unguent that is used as a traditional moisturizer, antioxidant, and anti-wrinkle skin cream. Shatdhauta ghrita (SDG) is a handcrafted emollient that is excellent for damaged skin. In this review author mainly focused on preparation method of Shatadhauta ghrita, its mechanism, marketed scenario, benefit and need of SDG formulation. According to the review, Shat dhauta ghrita has potential as a topical product for treating skin diseases, but it must be evaluated using modern scientific parameters. SDG is act as an excellent cream base, if we incorporate herbal drug or phytoconstituent in the SDG it act as a promising agent in the development of herbal cream.
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 1 ¦ 2022
1332
Shatdhauta Ghrita: A Promising agent in the
development of herbal creams
Madhuri D Deshmukh*
1
, Moreshwar P. Patil
2
, Eknath D. Ahire
3
, Shital B. Gosavi
4
1,2,3,4
Department of Pharmaceutics, MET
s Institute of Pharmacy, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule, Pune University, Adgaon, Nashik, MH, 422003, India.
Email:
deshmukh0072@gmail.com
1
DOI:
10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S01.159
Ayurvedic is quite popular, being practiced throughout the country including tribal and remote areas where other modes of therapies are not
readily available. Though it lacks the elaborate organizational structure of its modern counterpart, it has a significant impact on meeting the
health-care needs of a large portion of India. Clarified butter fat (cow ghee) is washed one hundred times in water to create a traditional
Ayurvedic preparation known as Shatdhauta ghrita (100 times washed ghee). This process transforms ghee into a soft, cooling, nourishing,
silky unguent that is used as a traditional moisturizer, antioxidant, and anti-wrinkle skin cream. Shatdhauta ghrita (SDG) is a handcrafted
emollient that is excellent for damaged skin. In this review author mainly focused on preparation method of Shatadhauta ghrita, its
mechanism, marketed scenario, benefit and need of SDG formulation. According to the review, Shat dhauta ghrita has potential as a topical
product for treating skin diseases, but it must be evaluated using modern scientific parameters. SDG is act as an excellent cream base, if we
incorporate herbal drug or phytoconstituent in the SDG it act as a promising agent in the development of herbal cream.
Keyword: SDG, Shatadhauta Ghrita, Ayurveda, Cow ghee, Samskara.
1. INTRODUCTION
The addition of organic fertilizers in recent years has received great attention because of its many benefits in improving soil
properties and increasing production. Organic fertilizer is more effective and environmentally friendly in addition to being an
effective way to get rid of waste as it is characterized by containing more concentration of nutrients and less content of C/N
Until the advent of the allopathic system of medicine, the traditional system of medicine had been completely responsible for
the world's healthcare. This approach quickly gained acceptance since it made use of current knowledge in biology and
chemistry for both research and therapy, and it today holds a key position in the healthcare industry. Despite this, conventional
medical systems still contribute significantly to healthcare.
Allopathic medicine's usage of single molecules can have negative side effects. Panchagavya, or five cow-derived products
(cow milk, curd, ghee, urine, and dung) mentioned in Ayurveda, play play a crucial part in the treatment of diseases.
Panchagavya Product shown fig no; 1. [1, 2]
Figure 1. Component of Panchagavya
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India is a country rich in traditions that connect social rituals and the scientific justifications behind them. A cow is known as
a 'Gaumata' or a 'Kamadhenu' in India because of its nurturing nature, similar to that of a mother. [3]. Kamadhenu is the name
of a sacred cow who is thought to bring about desired results. Panchagavya is a health and medicinal treasure trove. The
importance of using cow milk, ghee, urine, dung, and curd, all of which are referred to as 'gavya,' has been described in the
Ayurvedic medical system (i.e, obtained from ‘Gau’ means cow) for the treatment of a variety of diseases. Each product has
unique components and applications in human health, agriculture, and other fields. 'Panchgavya' is a combination of two words:
'Panch' (five) and 'gavya' (water). [4], which represents five items derived from a cow (Fig. 1). Each 'gavya' has a unique
medicinal effect against a wide range of diseases. Panchgavya treatment or therapy is called ‘Cowpathy’, comparable to other
pathies (Allopathy, homeopathy, and naturopathy). Each 'gavya' can be used on its own or in combination with other products
or treatments. Furthermore, all five products can be used alone or in conjunction with other products of synthetic, herbal, or
mineral origin. [53, 55]
Panchagavya therapy is recommended for a variety of diseases, including asthma, flu, allergies, cardiovascular diseases, renal
disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, wound healing, leucorrhoea, hepatitis, dietary and gastrointestinal tract disorders, obesity,
tuberculosis, ulcer, chemical intoxication, and other bacterial, fungal and viral infections [3, 4]. The therapy has also
demonstrated its therapeutic potential against severe pathological conditions like cancer, AIDS, and diabetes [2, 4, 5].
Shata-dhauta-ghrita (SDG) washed cow ghee 100 time with water (shata = one hundred, dhauta = washed). Traditional texts
mention it for treating burns, chicken pox, scars, wounds, herpes, leprosy, and other skin diseases, as well as as a vehicle for
drugs to be applied externally. [8] The Ayurvedic preparation was evaluated for its physicochemical parameters in the study,
and changes that occurred during washing were investigated. An attempt is made to find out the rationale behind washing cow
ghee 100 times with water. The characteristic odour and granular, oily consistency of cow ghee are not present in shata dhauta
ghrita, and so it is a homogeneous, smooth, non-oily product that is easier to apply so Patient compliance is thus improved.
When compared to the acidic pH value of ghee, the neutral pH of shata dhauta ghrita makes it beneficial by preventing skin
irritation. Because of the smaller particle size of shata dhauta ghrita, the product is non-granular, non-sticky, and homogeneous,
making it easy to apply to the skin and possibly increasing the rate of absorption through the skin. Washing results in a
homogeneous oil-in-water emulsion with better consistency and viscosity, which makes it suitable for use in topical
applications.
Until the advent of the allopathic system of medicine, traditional systems of medicine had been responsible for safeguarding
the world's healthcare. Prior to the development of the allopathic medical system, the traditional systems of medicine, which
had been developed over many years, had been in charge of ensuring the global healthcare system. [9] Several modern cream
bases are available for preparation of topical formulations. Their constituents like beeswax, stearic acid, liquid paraffin are
characterized by their inertness, as they do not have any therapeutic activity. However, an Ayurvedic base like Cow ghee is
reported to possess various activities/properties. Caraka clearly states the uses for ghee: it improves memory, intelligence, agni
(factor responsible for digestion, metabolism, and biotransformation), semen, ojas (bio-essence of life), Kapha (one of the three
bio-energies mainly responsible for cohesiveness) and medas (adipose tissue). It alleviates Vata (one of the three bio-energies
mainly responsible for movement), Pitta (one of the three bio-energies mainly responsible for heat), poison, insanity, phthisis,
inauspiciousness or fever. It is the best of all fats, is cold, madhura rasa, madhura vipaka, has 1000 potentialities and so, if used
properly according to prescribed methods, exerts 1000 types of actions. [10] If it is used as a base for preparation of cream
formulations, the formulation shows synergistic effect with the active ingredients. Bramhi ghrita a polyherbal Ayurvedic
formulation is recommended in the management of psychological disorders like Unmad (insanity), Apasmara (epilepsy) and
Graharogas (idiopathic psychological disorders).[11] Hingusauvarchaladi Ghrita and Saptarvartita Hingusauvarchaladi Ghrita
showed anticonvulsant activity.[12] Manjishthadi Ghrita can be prescribed as a local healing agent for common wound. [12]
Wound healing activity is also shown by Darvhi Ghrita. [13] Anti-inflammatory activity by Jatyadi ghrita, etc. [14] Sedative
and anticonvulsant activities of Unmadnashak Ghrita. [15] Shata-dhauta-ghrita (SDG) is a 100 times washed (Shata = one
hundred, dhauta = washed) ghee, i.e. clarified butterfat. It is mentioned in traditional texts for the management of conditions
like burns, chicken pox, leprosy, wounds[ 53,55], and other skin diseases and as a vehicle for drugs to be applied externally.
[16] Finally, the physicochemical properties of cow ghee and SDG have been compared with those of a modern vanishing
cream base used in similar formulations. Hence, an attempt is being made through this paper to find out the rationale behind
washing cow ghee 100 times with water. [17]
In India, clarified butter is called as Ghrita. Ghrita is the primary type of cooking oil used in all regional cuisines of India. It is
also used medicinally and is a component of several Hindu religious rituals. As a result, Ghrita has enjoyed a long history of
being well valued for a variety of reasons. Thus, Ghrita has been so highly regarded for so long for so many things. When we
say Ghrita, we mostly mean Goghrita (cow ghee).
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2.1. GHRITA MYTHOLOGY
In Hindu mythology, Prajapathi, the Lord of Creatures, created Ghrita by rubbing or "churning" his hands together and then
pouring it into fire to spawn his offspring. Whenever the Vedic ritual of pouring Ghrita into fire was performed, it was a re-
enactment of creation. Butter in mythologies is a symbol of semen, churning represents the sexual act, and the formation of
child in its mother’s womb. [18]
2.1.1. Vedic period
During the Vedic era People in the Vedic age were aware of Chatush Sneha. The description of Ghrita, Taila etc. are available
in Vedic literature. According to Vedic analogy Ghrita is hidden in milk, like the divine lord in invention. Ghrita is referred to
as the first and most fundamental of all edibles in the Vedas, and it is an essential component of Vedic civilization. The Vedas'
central idea is Yajgna (sacrifice), and in every Yagna, Ghrita is the mandatory gift to Agni (fire). Agni is the gods' mouth, and
it is through Agni that offerings are made to the gods. Ghrita is the food that they eat. Hutabhu is the name given to the God
Agni, the first word deity of the Rig Veda. (The devourer of Ghrita). Ghrita was referred to in the Yajurveda using terms like
Havi and Ajya. [19]
2.1.2 Brahmana period
In Shatapad Brahmana for denoting Ghrita, three words were used viz, Ajya, Ghrita, and Ayuth, as well as their specific
applications, were also mentioned. Ghrita was denoted in Ethareya Brahmana by the words Navaneeta, Ajya, Ghrita, and Ayuth,
and its specific uses were also mentioned. [20]
2.1.3. Samhita Period
This is regarded as the pinnacle of Ghrita's versatility.Ghrita flourished in Brihatrayee due to its widespread application for a
wide range of purposes ranging from external applications to internal administration via various routes. [21]
2.1.4. Susrutha Samhita
Ghrita Varga is a separate Varga in Susrutha Samhita. According to this Samhita, some types of Ghrita are Purana Sarpi, Maha
Ghrita, and Kumbha Ghrita In this treatise, the qualities of ghrita are also highlighted in detail. Acharya addressed Sneha
Mahatwa, Sneha Bheda, Snehopayoga, Pakavidhi, and other topics in Susrutha Chikitsa Sthana. Susrutha describes Ghrita,
which is made of Ksheera, as Ksheerotha Ghrita. Susrutha Samhita also thoroughly explains the properties of Ksheerotha
Ghrita. [22]
2.1.5. Charaka Samhita
This treatise contains a detailed description of Sneha Yoni, including sources of oils and fats, Sneha types, Ghrita and Taila
properties, and so on. Charaka has described various aspects of Ghrita in different contexts. Ghrita as per Charaka Samhita, one
among the Dravyas in Nithyaseva niyadravya and he considered Ksheeraghrithabhyasa for daily basis as best Rasayana. Ghrita
is considered as best among Chathush Sneha due to its Samskarasya Anuvartana Guna Ghrita Guna, Karma etc. he explained
in the context of Snehana Karma. Later he added much information about Ghrita in the context of Ksheera Varga. Logic of
systematic usage of Ghrita for better therapeutic effect is available in Jwara Chikitsa of Charaka Samhita.[23] Wide usage of
Ghrita is mentioned in Unmada Chiktsa and Kushta Chikitsa Adhyaya. In this context, Acharya Charaka discusses Purana
Ghrita and Prapurana Ghrita, as well as their organoleptic and therapeutic properties. [24]
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2.2. PHARMACEUTICAL IMPORTANCE OF GHRITA
Ghrita is an unavoidable component of many pharmaceutical procedures. It is used in pharmaceutics in a variety of ways.
In Sneha Kalpana, Ghrita serves as Sneha Dravya. It aids in the extraction of drugs' lipid-soluble active ingredients. It
improves drug absorption and changes the therapeutic properties of ghrita into those of dravya.
Ghrita is used in many Avaleha preparations, which helps in proper mixing of Leha and better absorption.
Ghrita is used for the Shodhana of drugs like Gandhaka, Hingu etc.
For tha preservation of Guggulu Kalpana, Ghrita is used.
It is used in Bhajana Samskara i.e. Ghrita will be completely applied over the inner surface of the vessel used for Sandhana
process during Asavarishta preparations.
It is a component in Kruta Yusha and Krutha Mamsarasa.
In the Ayurvedic system of medicine, ghee plays a vital role, both as a vehicle to deliver the active constituent and a base for
incorporating active components to formulate the dosage forms. Ayurveda also supports the co-administration of ghee along
with other remedial treatments. For example, Brahmi ghrita for cognitive function; Vasa ghrita for the respiratory system;
Shatadhauta ghrita for skin diseases, Bhallatakadi ghrita for wound healing[ 47,48] and Kaamdev ghrita for sexual disorders,
etc. [35,38].Saleem et al. have performed molecular characterization studies on Cow ghrita [57]. The study revealed that Cow
ghrita is a rich source of essential fatty acids (omega 3 and omega 9), vitamins like A, D, E, and K [39]. Memory enhancement,
lowering bad cholesterol, preventing skin and cardiovascular diseases, promoting skin health, maintaining digestion, generating
energy, purifying the blood, protecting the liver, and other health benefits of cow ghee [35]. Ghee has been shown to have anti-
inflammatory, antineoplastic, vision-improving, and wound-healing properties. [40, 41]. It has beneficial effects such as
immunostimulant, anti-cholinergic activity, antiasthmatic effect, and aids in the treatment of paralysis, among others. [12, 17].
Cow ghee’s Health benefits, and medicinal Use are depicted in the below. Fig. 2.and fig.3
Figure 2. Cow ghee health benefits and medicinal effects
2.3. GHRITA PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION:
It contains approximately 8% lower saturated fatty acids, making it easily digestible. These are the most edible fats and are not
found in any other edible oil or fat. It contains vitamins, including Vit A and Vit. E is anti -oxidants and is helpful in reducing
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 1 ¦ 2022
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ketone bodies, helpful in preventing oxidative injury to the body. Vit. A keeps epithelial tissue of the body intact keeps the
outer lining of the eyeball moist and prevents blindness. Essential fatty acids promote proper growth of the human body. The
melting point of Ghrita is 350C which is less than the normal temperatures of the human body. Its digestibility coefficient or
rate of absorption is 96% which is highest of all oils and fats. Active ingredients are easily digested and absorbed because they
are combined with Ghrita. Because cell membranes contain lipid, Ghrita's lipophilic action facilitates transportation to a target
organ and final delivery within cells. Ghrita's Lipophilic action facilitates the formulation's entry into the cell and delivery to
the mitochondria microsome and nuclear membrane. Ghrita contains beta-carotene and vitamin E, both of which are anti-
oxidants. [25, 26, 27].
Figure 3: Chemical composition of cow ghee.
2.4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
Acharya Susruta in uttaratantra mentioned Shatadhauta ghrita in jwara for daha shamana. The procedure told as to wash ghee
for hundred times in cold water. The resultant ghee is known as Shatadhouta ghrita and it is of light in consistency. [28]
If there is bleeding during fourth month of pregnancy then below the naval region, the entire body of the pregnant woman
should be smeared with Shatadhouta ghrita or sahsra dhouta ghrita.
In kusta chikitsa Acharya Charaka says that if there is daha in kusta, then for dahashamanartha (for pacification of burning
sensation) abhyanga (massage with ghee) is adviced with tiktaghrita or Shatadhouta ghrita. [29]
This is an effective remedy for visarpa (herpis) ,when applied repeatedly by mixing equal quantity of fine powder of Pancha
Valkala , lt subsides daha (burning sensation), shoola (pain) in vrana (wound) and cures visarpa like that of garuda killing the
sarpa [30]
Shatadhouta ghrita used as pralepa in the technique of scraping of eye lids and other disorder of the eye lids. [31]
In Sushruta kalpa sthana shatadhouta ghrita is indicated in visha chikitsa. A poultice prepared from the anti-venomous drugs
of cooling potency mixed with Shatadhouta ghrita and applied over the kothayukta vrana (gangrenous wound). [32]
Traditionally, pregnant women with unexplained bleeding or spotting should apply this shatadhouta ghrita around the umbilicus.
[33]
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2.5. SHATDHAUTA GHRITA
Shatdhauta ghrita Samskara is a pharmaceutics procedure that induces therapeutic properties, increasing the potency and
bioavailability of the drugs involved. Samskaro hi naama Gunantaradhanam Uchyate.[34] The methods by which the properties
like Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, undergo “Gunantaradhaanam” i.e the changing of Sthoola Guna (macro form) to Sukshma
Guna (micro form)[35], both chemical and physical properties within the Dravya are changing (Substance). An Ayurvedic
remedy called Shatadhouta Ghrita is frequently used to treat skin conditions. It is made by washing ghee 100 times in water, as
the name suggests. This process turns ghee into a soft, cooling, nourishing, silky ointment that can be used as a traditional
moisturiser and anti-wrinkle skin cream. [36] Shatadhauta Ghrita is made by washing the Ghrita with water until the water turns
warm, then discarding the warm water and adding fresh water, and repeating the process a hundred times. Vaidayak Shabda
Sindukara has added another reference to the preparation of Shatadhouta Ghrita by Santapya (heating) the Ghrita and Nirvapana
(pouring) in Sita Jala (cold water) 100 times. [37] Uses of Shatadhauta ghrita are depicted in fig.4
Figure 4: Uses of Shatadhauta ghrita shown
Clarified butter fat, also known as cow ghee, is used to make the traditional Ayurvedic preparation known as shat dhaut ghrita
(100 times washed ghee). Ghee is transformed into a soft, cooling, nourishing, silky unguent that can be used as a traditional
moisturiser and anti-wrinkle skin cream using this method. Shat dhauta ghrita is a handcrafted emollient that is excellent for
damaged skin because ghee penetrates and nourishes all seven layers of tissue. In many different skin conditions, including
burns, wound scars, skin marks, burning sensation, herpes, etc., a special but very straightforward ghee preparation is used.
[38] Changes of ghee after washing it in water it shown in fig .5.
Figure 5. Shatadhauta ghrita preparation method
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2.6. MECHANISM OF SHATADHAUTA GHRITA PREPARATION
Goghrita (Clarified Butter) was taken in shallow vessel, water added in vessel containing ghrita & kneading action was
performed. After performing kneading action for 2-3 mins the mixture was allowed to settle down & then above water was
drained. This procedure was repeated for 100 times. Shatadhauta Ghrita was obtained after repeating the procedure 100 times
In this method, ghrita was triturated with water, resulting in the formation of a water in oil type of emulsion because water is
in the dispersed phase and oil is in the continuous phase. As the washing process continues, the particle size of fat granules
decreases due to the pressure applied during agitation (as per texture it was non granular and smooth).Eventually, successive
washings result in o/w type of emulsion. It is possible that it might lead to formation of a complex system like w/o/w emulsion.
The reason may be passage of water globules in fat molecules by forming water oil (w/o) emulsion and leads to swelling of
Ghrita. The pigment may leak out into the water from repeated washings, changing the colour of the item (Dhauta). In this
process the triglyceride is converted into a glycerol in presence of water. [40] Mechanism of preparation of SDG shown fig
no.6.In preparation of Shatadhauta ghrita ghee converted in to a soft cream in this process fat splitting process was take place
due to presence of water so triglycerides is converted into glycerol. It shown in fig .7. A comparison of Go ghee and Shatadhauta
ghrita was demonstrated in table no. 1.
Figure 6. Preparation method of Shatadhauta ghrita
Figure 7: Fat Splitting process
Triglyceride + Water Glycerin (Glycerol) + Fatty Acid
2.7. COMPARISON OF GO GHEE AND SHATADHAUTA GHRITA SHOWN IN TABLE NO: 1. [39]
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Table 1. Comparison of physical and chemical parameters of Go ghee and SDG
Parameter
Go ghee
SDG
Change
Organoleptic properties
Colour
Golden yellow
White
Odour
Characteristic, Pleasant
Odorless
Taste
Characteristic
Tasteless
Texture
Granular, oily
Smooth, non -
oily
Homogeneous
mass
Physical parameters
Moisture. Content (%)
0.27
0.8
↑ 2.98 times
Ph
4.6
5.9
↑ 1.28 times
Particle size (µ)
179.02
59.99
↓ 2.98 times
Viscosity (cp) at 20 rpm
for 30 sec
8000
9770
↑ 1.22 times
Copper content (ppm)
0.13
1.2
↑ 8.86 times
Chemical parameters
Acid value
0.84
0.11
↓ 7.59 times
Saponification value
234.26
25.96
↓ 9.02 times
Iodine value
35.59
2.82
↓ 12.62 times
Unsaponifiable matter
0.78
0.04
↓ 18.72 times
RM value
21.67
0.22
↓ 98.50 times
P value
1.1
0.1
↓ 11 times
3. CURRENT MARKET SCENARIO
According to literature survey author was study current marketed scenario as follow its mention in table no: 2
Table 2. Current market scenario of SDG
Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results ¦ Volume 13 ¦ Special Issue 1 ¦ 2022
1340
Sr.
No
Name of product
Company
Contain
Use
1.
SKM Shatadhauta grutham
Dayurvedic moisturizing
cream pack
SKM
Ghee quantity
sufficient
Moisturizer
2.
Shata dhauta ghrita
Indu Pharma
Shata dhauta
ghrita base
Night Usage Cream For
Spot Removal, Skin
Brightening effect
3.
Svarasya Shata Dhauta
Ghrita - Natural Desi Ghee
Skin Moisturizer (100 Times
Washed Ghee) - 50 gm
Svarasya
Shata dhauta
ghrita base
Moisturizer
4.
Shat Dhaut Ghrita 20 GM
Gaurashtra
Shatdhauta ghrita
quantity sufficient
Useful in psoriasis,
eczema, piles, cracked
heals & palms burning
sensation foot sole and
different skin diseases.
Do not apply on lips.
For external use only.
5.
Earthiness Shatadhauta
Ghruta (50 gm)
Earthiness
Shatadhauta base
Quantity
sufficient
Natural moisturizer for
all type of skin
6.
Gavyamart Shata Dhauta
Ghrita - Natural Desi Ghee
Skin Moisturizer (100 Times
Washed Ghee)
Gavyamart
Shatadhauta base
Quantity
sufficient
Deeply Moisturizer
7.
Inducare Shat Dhaut Ghrit
(Pack of 25 gm)
Inducare
pharma
Shatadhauta
ghrita base ---
1000mg
Moisturizer, For
glowing skin
8.
Shat Dhaut Ghrita cream
New united
Pharma
Shatadhauta
ghrita base 65 gm
Rebuild the dermal
tissue Moisturizer,
healing skin at deepest
level.
9.
Shatshautaghritam cream
Kottakal
Ayurveda
Shatadhauta
ghrita 20 gm
Astringent, anti-wrinkle
and cleansing cream
10
A2 Shatadhauta ghrita
cream
Panchyagavya
product
Shatadhauta
ghrita 100 gm
Anti-aging cream.
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1341
4. FUTURE PROSPECT
Ayurveda as a prehistoric science of life has a long history and its basic principles may still be compelling today. The call for
scientific valuation of Ayurveda has been recognized for a long time. However, the quintessence of any science is a continuous
search for new knowledge through research, development and newer applications. It is preferable to conduct ongoing research
on the safety, quality, and efficacy of Ayurvedic drugs and procedures. Methodical credentials and critical analysis of clinical
practice are essential. Shatdhauta ghrita (washing ghee 100 times) is a popular medication in Ayurveda, but its applicability in
modern therapy is not explored much. So with the objective of exploring, the utility of Shatdhauta ghrita in topical drug delivery
as a base, this study was carried out. In future, it could be used as an alternative option to modern topical ointments and if we
combine herbal drugs or phytoconstituent on the Shatdhauta ghrita, it may show an effective herbal formulation. Although
scientific efforts are required to validate biological activities and safety and establish standards, the effects of Shatadhauta ghrita
should not be limited to ancient literature [59, 60].
CONCLUSION
From the present review, it can be concluded that changes taking place in cow ghee while washing it with hundred times to
prepare Shatadhauta ghrita, makes it an elegant and suitable product for topical application. Shata dhauta ghrita is used as
natural permeation enhancer in topical product. It is prepared by cow ghee washing with 100 times with water. It is smooth,
homogenous, non-oily product, easier to apply and thus improve patient compliance. Chemical analysis and Samskara siddhanta
of Ayurveda prove Shatadhauta ghrita is effective and act as good cooling agent, emollient, moisturizer and good scar healer.
Shatdhauta ghrita is a popular Ayurvedic medication, but its use in modern medicine has received little attention. The purpose
of this study was to look into the utility of Shatdhauta ghrita as a base for topical drug delivery. If we mix herbal medication or
phytoconstituent on the Shatdhauta ghrita, it may demonstrate successful herbal formulation in the future as a replacement for
modern topical ointments.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:
The authors want to thanks management and Principal Dr.Sanjay Kshirsagar MET institute of pharmacy, BKC for the necessary
facility and support. This is affiliated with Savitribai Phule Pune University Nashik. The author would like to thank her research
mentor Dr. Moreshwar P. Patil for his insightful advice Guidance. The author wishes to thank EDA and SBG for their technical
assistance. and also wishes to express gratitude to the NFST/RGNF/UGC, Government of India for providing financial
assistance in the form of a fellowship (Award no -2021-NFST-MAH-04091)
ABBREVIATIONS:
SDG: Shata dhauta ghrita
RPM: Revolutions per Minute
PPM: parts per million
RM: Reichert Meissl Value
CP: Centipoise
P Value of ghee: Polenske value
NFST: National fellowship of schedule tribal
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ETHICAL APPROVAL AND CONSENT OF PARTICIPANT: Not Applicable
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION: Not applicable
COMPETING INTEREST: The author declares that they do not have any competing interests.
FUNDING: None
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Panchgavya represents milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd, derived from cow and serves irreplaceable medicinal importance in Ayurveda and traditional Indian clinical practices. In Ayurveda, Panchgavya treatment is termed as ‘Cowpathy’. In India, the cow is worshipped as a god called ‘Gaumata,’ indicating its nourishing nature like a mother. Ayurveda recommends Panchagavya to treat diseases of multiple systems, including severe conditions, with almost no side-effects. It can help build a healthy population, alternative sources of energy, complete nutritional requirements, eradicate poverty, pollution-free environment, organic farming, etc. Panchgavya can also give back to mother nature by promoting soil fertility, earthworm production, protecting crops from bacterial and fungal infections, etc. Scientific efforts shall be taken to build evidence for the clinical application of Cowpathy. The present review aims to summarize the health and medicinal benefits of Panchgavya.
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Samskara plays an important role in all formulations in transforming the drug into desired dosage form with better therapeutic value. Shatadhouta Ghrita is one such unique Ayurveda preparation and an example for Dhauta samskara, Jala samskara and Agni samskara. It is prepared by two methods. In one method Ghrita (Ghee) is heated, poured in cold water and recollecting Ghrita for one hundred times. In second method Ghrita is washed with water for one hundred times. The Pharmaceutical study showed marked differences in physical parameters and difference in preparation time was also observed in this study.
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Background: Ghee is widely considered as the Indian name for clarified butterfat and processing of ghee with therapeutic herbs i.e. ghrita is renowned for augmenting their medicinal properties. Kaamdev ghrita (also known as 'VajikaranaRasayana') is cow ghee based classical Ayurvedic formulation from the aphrodisiac category, which is used to ameliorate and potentiate sexual performance and also in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, infertility, and premature ejaculation. Objective: Present research work deals with the organoleptic, physicochemical, and biological assessment of Kaamdev ghrita for its aphrodisiac activity using in-vivo animal models. Material and methods: Kaamdev ghrita was prepared using Indian cow's ghee as per standard Ayurvedic classical texts and subjected to organoleptic (color, odor, taste, texture, touch), physicochemical (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, extractive values, refractive index, and specific gravity) analyses as per the standard pharmacopeial procedures. The aphrodisiac potential of ghrita in rat model was evaluated by monitoring sexual behavioral performance using different parameters (mount frequency and latency, intromission frequency and latency, anogenital grooming and sniffing) at the dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Results: The physicochemical evaluation of Kaamdev ghrita showed higher acid value, iodine value, refractive index, and specific gravity whereas the lower saponification and peroxide value than the plain ghee. Kaamdev ghrita revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, sterols, terpenoids, coumarins, tannins, and showed remarkable antioxidant activity by in-vitro assays. It augmented the sexual performance in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by significant improvement (P < 0.05) in mount frequency and latency, intromission frequency and latency, anogenital grooming, and sniffing as compared to plain ghee treated control group. The present investigation has corroborated the ethnopharmacological claim of Kaamdevghrita for its aphrodisiac potential. Conclusion: Kaamdev ghrita exhibited aphrodisiac activity which may be attributed to the presence of antioxidant herbs present in it. It is the first scientific report on validation of the traditional claim of Kaamdev ghrita for its aphrodisiac potential.
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Background: Ayurveda is primarily based upon use of herbs either singly or in combination (polyherbal). The cow ghee (clarified butterfat) is considered as a precious base for preparing medicines in Ayurveda. Processing of ghee with plant ingredients is renowned for enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Objective: In present research work, the attempt was made to develop cow ghee based Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita formulations and evaluate them with reference to 'Murcchana' and 'Shata-Dhauta' process. Materials and methods: The research plants were identified, procured, authenticated and processed. The extracts of plant materials were prepared and used for development of Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita (PHBG), Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Murcchita Ghrita and Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Shata-Dhauta Ghrita formulations as per Ayurvedic procedures. The prepared ghrita formulations were subjected to organoleptic (colour, odour, taste, appearance and touch), physicochemical (pH, viscosity, moisture content, specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, Rechert Meissl value and Polenske value) evaluation, in-vitro antioxidant and GC-MS analysis. The accelerated and real time stability studies were carried out to determine shelf life of ghrita formulations. Results: The results of evaluations indicate that, developed PHBG formulations retained the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of ghee. The shelf life of formulations was found to be in the range of 1.6 to 3.3 years at accelerated and 2.2 to 3.8 years at real time stability conditions. All ghrita formulations exhibited antioxidant activity in dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The standardization or evaluation of Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita formulations was found to be crucial for the establishment of a steady biological, chemical or simply a quality assurance profile of the drugs.journal of ayurveda
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Background Withania somnifera (L.) (family-Solanaceae), known as ‘Indian ginseng’ or ‘Ashwagandha’ is acclaimed as an effective adaptogen, immunomodulator, aphrodisiac and sedative. Ashwagandha ghrita is a recognized ghee based Ayurvedic formulation. Few ancient texts suggest murcchana process for preparation of Ashwagandha ghrita. Objective The study was undertaken to evaluate probable effects of murcchana process on ghrita preparation with reference to time and storage conditions. Materials and Methods Ashwagandha ghrita samples were prepared separately using plain ghee (Indian cow's ghee) and murcchana ghee. These formulations were stored separately in different glass bottles at room temperature and 400C/75%RH. Organoleptic characters (colour, odour, taste, texture and touch) and physicochemical parameters (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, refractive index and specific gravity) were determined after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Plain ghee and prepared ghrita were subjected for antioxidant evaluation by various in vitro methods. Results Changes were observed in organoleptic characters and physicochemical parameters of plain ghee and Ashwagandha ghrita formulations. Alterations in these parameters were more pronounced at high temperature and on long storage. Ashwagandha ghrita prepared with murcchana process exhibited better antioxidant potential in all in vitro methods. Conclusion The murcchana process was found to be beneficial towards quality of ghrita. Hence, Ashwagandha ghrita may be prepared along with murcchana herbs and stored in a good quality glass bottle to ensure improved shelf life of ghrita.
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In the current study, the effect of ghee extraction methods (direct cream DC, milk butter MB and milk skin MS) on its molecular composition has been investigated using Fluorescence spectroscopy. The excitation wavelength of 300 nm was found the best to produce pronounced spectral signatures of beta-carotene, vitamins and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in both cow and buffalo ghee types. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied on the spectral data to visualize the classification among ghee samples extracted by three methods. Both cow and buffalo ghee contain spectral signatures of vitamin A, E, K, D and CLA which has been verified through plotting loading vectors. The analysis of loading plots has been suggested that for cow ghee, MS extraction method conserve relatively higher concentration of beta carotene while DC and MB methods are a good choice for preserving relatively more concentrations of vitamins D, E and K. Similarly, for buffalo ghee, MS extraction method appear with higher concentration of CLA, whereas DC extraction method looks to preserve relatively higher concentration of vitamin A while MB method retains relatively low concentration of CLA and vitamins as compared to other two methods.
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Cow ghee, the butter fat obtained from the cow’s milk has been claimed to have many medicinal properties like it is cooling in energy, rejuvenating, bestows luster and beauty, enhances memory and stamina, increases the intellect, promotes longevity, is an aphrodisiac and protects the body from various diseases. Also it was reported for wound healing property in mice and rats. The present study was an attempt to explore the use of cow ghee for veterinary purpose with regard to wound healing activity. The subject in this study, a buffalo suffered the deep skin injury because of rubbing against the rock in the pond. Treatment of the injury was commenced and continued with the traditional herbs to modern methods including antibiotic ointment but it failed. First treatment included the curcumin extract while the second treatment comprises Nomax cream. Modern antibiotics forms the Third and fourth treatment. These treatments failed due to the habit of the animal to visit the pond frequently thereby diminishing the effect of medicines, if any. It was followed by a cream containing cow ghee in a conventional cream base which showed very good results for the wound healing in buffalo. Key Words: Wound Healing, Cow Ghee, Veterinary case