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Tourism and innovation, innovation in tourism or tourism innovation? – Conceptions and approaches

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Marius Mayer

This article provides a literature overview of the emerging field of innovation research in tourism by presenting a citation analysis based on Web of knowledge. This quantitative evaluation is followed by a discussion of terminology issues. Several core concepts of innovation research in tourism are outlined dealing with the particularities of the service and tourism sector. Afterwards, the article recapitulates different research approaches and perspectives as well as innovation typologies. In addition, it explores the factors that drive or hinder innovation in tourism. Finally, some considerations about the empirical measurement of innovations in tourism are shown and conclusions are drawn about future research needs.

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Sustainability indicators (SIs) are considered an important tool in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA), but their choice and management present shortcomings and must be improved. This work aimed to develop a governance model of SI systems for SEA. The study was carried out by means of documentary research on SEA reports and interviews with leaders of Brazilian SEA working teams, through the ... [Show full abstract] application of Content Analysis. The resulting framework, called G-SINDS, is composed of six phases and three transverse elements. Each phase represents a stage of construction of the SI system, with methodological procedures adaptable to the specificity of each SEA process. The transverse elements are factors that affect each phase, in order to perfect them. The G-SINDS represents an innovative model, since it involves the "life cycle of the indicators", is directed to the SEA and is based on principles and techniques of knowledge management, constituting a means of improving the execution of SEA processes.

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Communities of Practice from a Phenomenological Stance: Lessons Learned for IS Design

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This chapter contributes to the debate about the concept of community of practice considering the latter as a means for understanding the behavior of the people using in their practice artifacts and sharing spaces. The experience they share makes them a community and, when the space they share is a workspace, a community of practice. The unusual way through which one reaches a community of ... [Show full abstract] practice, and its being, first, a community, and second, a community of practice, makes it very important to understand what characterizes communities. Community (Gemeinschaft in German) has emerged as a relevant concept for understanding the social dimension of human life, at the end of nineteenth century, when in a famous book by Ferdinand Toennies (1925), it was opposed to society (Gesellschaft in German). The debate that accompanied and followed Toennies' book at the beginning of the twentieth century opposed the irrationality of communities (where no utility value justifies membership) to the rational principle sustaining societies (that are ruled in order to balance costs and benefits of all members). More recently, the concept of community has been again at the center of philosophical debate after its deconstruction by Jean Luc Nancy: it is, therefore, interesting to situate the concept of community of practice within it. What emerges from this analysis offers to designers of ICT-based applications, such as information systems, knowledge management systems, etc., some new hints on the nature of those systems.

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Yukinori Takubo

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Internationales Wissensmanagement deutscher Unternehmen

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Das vielschichtige Phänomen der Internationalisierung industrieller FuE lässt sich nur durch die Kombination verschiedener quantitativer Untersuchungsmethoden analysieren: In diesemAbschnitt3.1 werden die hier verwendetenMethoden bei der Auswahl der betrachteten Unternehmen,der Befragung,der Patentanalyse,der Publikationsanalyse und die für die Auswertung verwendeten Mikrodatennäher ... [Show full abstract] erläutert. DasAusmaßund dietechnologischen Muster der Auslandsforschungwerden inAbschnitt 3.2dargestellt. Dies umfasst die Triebkräfte und Strukturen der Forschungstätigkeit, die Forschungs-und die Patentaktivität im In-und Ausland sowie die Spezialisierung auf bestimmte Technikfelder (Technikprofile). Dafür werden Daten aus derBefragung, derUnternehmensdatenbankund derPatentanalysekombiniert. Ausmaß und Technikprofile werden dabei jeweils für das Sample insgesamt wie auch für einzelne Sektoren dargestellt. DieRegionalstruktur der Auslandsforschungder deutschen multinationalen Unternehmen ist aufbauend aufBefragungsergebnissenundResultatenderPatentanalyseGegenstand desAbschnitts3.3. Auch hierzu werden sowohl Daten der Befragung als auch Daten der Patentanalyse ausgewertet. DieDeterminanten der Auslandsforschungwerden inAbschnitt 3.4, basierend auf einer Kombination von Daten aus derPatentanalyse, derUnternehmensdatenbankanhand einerRegressionsanalyseuntersucht, wobei die Resultate den Ergebnissen der Befragung gegenübergestellt werden. InAbschnitt 3.5werden auf der Grundlage derBefragungdie Ergebnisse unter dem Blickfeld eines umfassenderen Wissensmanagements und internationalen Wissenstransfers der multinationalen Unternehmen beleuchtet.

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Most organizations implementing knowledge management are thrilled by the numerous opportunities it offers and the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) library is not left behind in the innovative shift. Even though knowledge management practice is demanded in information society, it does not exist as a full-fledged solution in most organizations yet. The reality in IIUM library is ... [Show full abstract] that it already employs certain elements of knowledge management through the use of IT to support various activities from administrative jobs to user education. Among the IT support system used include: the staff intranet and email to share and exchange information, library database to capture and store data and the digital library facilities to serve the diverse interest of its numerous customers. These imply that the strategies employed by IIUM library include: intellectual asset management strategy, personal knowledge asset responsibility strategy and mostly customer-focused knowledge strategy.The purpose of this study lies in its concern for whether the elements of knowledge management involved in the administration of IIUM library is achieving the goals of knowledge management and whether the staff and customers of IIUM library are maximizing the benefits of knowledge management in information societies.

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Purpose Competitive intelligence (CI) includes all the information and knowledge in a business. It enables the creation, perpetuation and transmission of knowledge coming from markets and corporate stakeholders. Therefore, it seems appropriate to consider the following question: what are the levers of a CI process on knowledge management in a coopetitive context? The paper aims to discuss this ... [Show full abstract] issue. Design/methodology/approach To answer this question, the authors conducted an empirical study with a sample of 153 high-tech firms in Europe. Findings The results identify four business groups according to levels of monitoring and cooperation between firms, and three types of supervision in business networks. Originality/value This paper brings together the concepts of knowledge management and CI within firms that have adopted a coopetitive behaviour.

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