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exaptation
At the same time, the organism, as it develops and functions, alters its environment so as to condition
the kinds of environmental cues that it and co-occurring organisms will receive at later ontogenetic
stages or possibly in subsequent generations. Development thus arises from a complex network of
causal interactions in which organism and environment co-construct each other (Laland et al. 2013a,
b, 2014) through reciprocal inuences that effectively break the supposed barrier between the internal
and the external (Sultan 2015, 2019)
Here we come face to face with organisms as integrated wholes, fundamentally not decomposable into
independent and separately optimized parts. (Gould and Lewontin 1979:591)
bricolage
category genesis
...the material exapted is at the point of exaptation doing something else (which it may continue to do):
but it still is capable of being remanufactured or restructured... as part of a different kind of coexisting
structure. (Lass 1997:320)
My aim here is not to describe what might be seen as little more than uninteresting diachronic inertia
but rather to identify areas where inertia might almost be described, paradoxically, as ‘dynamic’. I have
in mind structures in which the form–meaning relationship was and remains opaque, yet ‘holds out’,
through time, despite clear potential for resorting to a more transparent structure. (Maiden. 2011:156)
If both the derivation and inection follow the root, or they both precede the root, the derivation is
always between the root and the inection. (Greenberg 1966:93)
empiricist turn
∗
hį-
wa-
hi-
ha-
boo- hį-
ha-
gi-
gi-
-kje
wą´ąga-
ho-
nąą- nį-
ra-
kii-
ra-
mąą- nįį-
kiki-
ru-
taa-
kara-/kV-
wa-
∗
∗
hį-
wa-
hi-
ha-
boo- hį-
ha-
gi-
gi-
-kje
wą´ąga-
ho-
nąą- nį-
ra-
kii-
ra-
mąą- nįį-
kiki-
ru-
taa-
kara-/kV-
wa-
∗
egyet-ért
utol-ér
cserben-hagy
nyilván-tart
VM V construction
Adverb
Case-marked
Noun
Postposition
Oblique
Pronoun
Inected
Postposition
Inected Oblique
Pronoun
Simple verb
-Ás event nominal
construction
Reduplication
construction
Implicative
construction network
Part of relation Postposition Inected
Postposition Oblique
Pronoun
Inected Oblique
Pronoun
Exapted pieces:
Diachrony