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Evaluation of Gymnastics Junior Athlete Development Model Semarang City Based Partnership

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate and review the implementation of PPOPD Semarang City in Central Java. The type of research carried out is a model evaluation using the Brinkerhoff model with an ex post facto quantitative approach involving a sample of 8 junior gymnastics athletes. The data collection instruments used sports personality tests, physical performance, and branching techniques. Then the results of this study are: (a) The average percentage in the pre-athlete stage is 70.10%; (b) The average percentage at the PPOPD implementation stage in one semester is 77.64%; and (c) Overall, the evaluation data for one semester of PPOD implementation showed that 87.50% had increased, so that this coaching activity was declared successful. This research can provide benefits and can be used for athletes, coaches, and management of sports achievement coaching in the city of Semarang. Furthermore, it is necessary to carry out further research to determine the formulation of standard instruments for assessment of the model of training and development of gymnastics at the junior level.
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IOSR Journal of Sports and Physical Education (IOSR-JSPE)
e-ISSN: 2347-6737, p-ISSN: 2347-6745, Volume 7, Issue 4, (Jul. Aug. 2020), PP 33-36
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/6737-07043336 www.iosrjournals.org 33 | Page
Evaluation of Gymnastics Junior Athlete Development Model
Semarang City Based Partnership
Rif’iy Qomarrullah1, Agus Kristiyanto2, Sugiharto3, M. Furqon
Hidayatullah4
1 Cenderawasih University, Jayapura, Indonesia
2 4 Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
3 Semarang State University, Semarang, Indonesia
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to evaluate and review the implementation of PPOPD Semarang
City in Central Java. The type of research carried out is a model evaluation using the Brinkerhoff model
with an ex post facto quantitative approach involving a sample of 8 junior gymnastics athletes. The data
collection instruments used sports personality tests, physical performance, and branching techniques. Then
the results of this study are: (a) The average percentage in the pre-athlete stage is 70.10%; (b) The average
percentage at the PPOPD implementation stage in one semester is 77.64%; and (c) Overall, the evaluation
data for one semester of PPOD implementation showed that 87.50% had increased, so that this coaching
activity was declared successful. This research can provide benefits and can be used for athletes, coaches,
and management of sports achievement coaching in the city of Semarang. Furthermore, it is necessary to
carry out further research to determine the formulation of standard instruments for assessment of the
model of training and development of gymnastics at the junior level.
Keywords: Evaluation, PPOPD, sports, gymnastics
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Date of Submission: 30-08-2020 Date of Acceptance: 15-09-2020
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I. Introduction
Gymnastics is a sport that has been around for a long time since ancient times in the past [1]. The
hallmark of this sport is relying on flexibility, patience, and continuous training from an early age [2].
Gymnastics then became an achievement sport that is competed in modern times today [3]. As a sport, the
achievements of gymnastics compete in various disciplines with many numbers and win many medals [4].
This competition has become a prestigious war between major countries in the world such as: the United
States, China, and Russia at the Olympics [5]. Indonesia as a country with a population of more than 260
million people and as a nation that already has good economic strength has not been able to talk much
about gymnastics [6]. Some of the obstacles faced in the process of training in gymnastics are very
complex, especially public interest, facilities and attention. Therefore, gymnastics in Indonesia still needs
more attention, especially in terms of: promotion of guidance, provision of facilities, technology support,
policy and financial support [7]. Furthermore, in providing solutions faced by conducting training for
gymnastics in the city of Semarang by organizing a regional student sports development center (PPOPD)
based on partnerships. What is meant is based on partnership, namely the existence of a joint coaching
process (gymnastics, athletics, archery, taekwondo, pencak silat, archery, karate), involving various
elements of government agencies and independent sports organizations. This study aims to evaluate and
study the effectiveness of the implementation of PPOPD Semarang City. The Brinkerhoff evaluation
method is used by researchers to find out how the coaching pattern is carried out, and to measure the
success of the program using quantitative data. The benefits and implications of this research being carried
out are that the model of coaching patterns that have been implemented in the city of Semarang can
become a reference for coaching and sports in all districts/cities in the province of Central Java as well as
all regions of Indonesia based on local wisdom and the potential of each region.
II. Material and Method
This research is an evaluation study using the Brinkerhoff model with an ex post facto quantitative
approach [8]. The population in this study were all junior athletes assisted by PPOPD Semarang City in
2019, totaling 43 people with an age range of 6 to 12 years. The sample used as research data is gymnastics
athletes totaling 8 people. The instruments used as a measuring tool in this study include:
a. A sports personality test using a sport personality questionnaire (SPQ) 20 [9].
Evaluation of Gymnastics Junior Athlete Development Model Semarang City Based Partnership
DOI: 10.9790/6737-07043336 www.iosrjournals.org 34 | Page
b. Physical test: sprint 30 meters, sit-ups 30 seconds, push-ups 30 seconds, vertical jump, arrowhead
agility, run 600 meters.
c. Branching technical skills test: Artistic (jump to front, rose climb, hand stand, L position, pull up,
press handstand, front and side split, front and side leg flexion); and Rhythmik (split, standing split,
backwardstanding and reach, kayang, front and rear shoulder hamstrings, backward bend 600, trunk lift,
backward leg lift, rhythm choreography and tools).
The research data collection procedure includes several stages starting from instrument
preparation, documentation, to data analysis tools. The research data was obtained from the study of the
initial recruitment documents for the admission of PPOPD athletes in Semarang City in March 2019 and
evaluation data 6 months after the PPOPD implementation in September 2019. The data analysis used in
this research is quantitative descriptive analysis, namely by recapitulating the overall learning completeness
data using the formula percentage n (average value) divided by N (number of samples) multiplied by 100%
[10]. The data used were the results of the initial recruitment test and mid-year evaluation which consisted
of the following components: I. sports personality (40%), II. physical (30%), and III. technique (30%), with
the item index range value of each component ranging from 1 to 5. Then the percentage classification is
used with qualitative sentences, namely: between 10% to 54% (very poor), 55% to 64 % (poor), 65% to
74% (average), 75% to 84% (good), and 85 to 100% (excellent).
III. Results
Data from the research results evaluating the partnership-based training model for junior athletes in
Semarang City in 2019 can be presented in the following table:
Table 1. Implementation of the PPOPD Pre-Athlete Test in Semarang City
Athlete
Discipline
Component
∑%
Category
I
II
III
Index
Index
%
Index
%
1
Z D
Artistic
82,62
25
25,00
40
20,00
78,05
Good
2
F A
Artistic
66,38
25
25,00
31
15,50
67,05
Average
3
Z D P
Artistic
41,11
27
27,00
33
16,50
59,94
Poor
4
D
Artistic
67,09
24
24,00
39
19,50
70,34
Average
5
G D N
Artistic
58,61
26
26,00
27
13,50
62,94
Average
6
F M A
Rhythmic
75,44
22
22,00
73,5
27,56
79,74
Good
7
A D P
Rhythmic
65,64
17
17,00
73,5
27,56
70,82
Average
8
S R A
Rhythmic
65,94
21
21,00
65,5
24,56
71,94
Average
Average of all components
70,10
Average
Source: Primary Research Data for 2019
Based on the data in Table 1, it can be seen that at the PPOPD Semarang City 2019 pre-test stage,
8 out of 13 athletes graduated where the junior athletes who passed were based on the minimum standard
criteria required, namely having a total value of all components above 65% (average). The average yield at
this stage as a whole is 73.72% (average). Furthermore, to determine the value of the effectiveness of the
PPOPD program, a mid-year test evaluation is carried out as described in the table below:
Table 2. PPOPD Semarang City Period I Semester Implementation
Athlete
Discipline
Component
∑%
Category
I
II
III
Index
Index
%
Index
%
1
Z D
Artistic
81,58
27
27,00
40
20,00
79,63
Good
2
F A
Artistic
68,39
26
26,00
35
17,50
70,86
Average
3
Z D P
Artistic
67,11
25
25,00
40
20,00
71,84
Average
4
D
Artistic
58,61
27
27,00
32
16,00
66,44
Average
5
G D N
Artistic
52,01
26
26,00
39
19,50
66,30
Average
6
F M A
Rhythmic
75,45
25
25,00
78
39,00
94,18
Excellent
7
A D P
Rhythmic
63,74
25
25,00
72
36,00
86,50
Excellent
8
S R A
Rhythmic
69,67
20
20,00
75
37,50
85,37
Excellent
Average of all components
77,64
Average
Source: Primary Research Data for 2019
Based on the data in Table 2. in the implementation of PPOPD City in 1 semester 2019, it can be
seen that 7 out of 8 (87.50%) athletes have increased, and 1 in 8 athletes (12.50%) have decreased. As for
the average percentage increase in program implementation was 7.54%.
Evaluation of Gymnastics Junior Athlete Development Model Semarang City Based Partnership
DOI: 10.9790/6737-07043336 www.iosrjournals.org 35 | Page
IV. Discussion
Based on the results of this study, several analysis studies can be carried out to explain in detail
how the data that has been described can have meaning and can be widely understood. As it is known, the
process of coaching and sports development, its main achievement from the junior athlete stage cannot be
separated from the three main components, namely: psychology (40%), physical (30%), and technique
(30%). The percentage determination of this component is based on several scientific references such as the
following: (a) A person's mental personality is very influential on the habit patterns that are carried out over
time, the fundamental thing for the success of elite athletes is character [11]; (b) Physical performance
becomes the supporting foundation for professional athletes, superior biomotor components make a
positive contribution to performance [12]; and (c) Good technique, apart from being based on natural
talents, is also supported by a pattern of adaptation to training, physical endurance, and habitual factors
inside and outside the athlete's environment [13]. This study gave the results that the average percentage at
the pre-athlete stage was 70.10% (average), this is in line with the results of the study which identified the
fitness level of an athlete based on a mature selection process [14]. Then the next data shows that if the
average percentage at the PPOPD implementation stage of Semarang City in one semester is 77.64%
(average), the research shows similarities with research which shows that the success of an exercise
program is determined by good exercise management and training programs connected simultaneously
[15]. Furthermore, overall based on the evaluation data for one semester of PPOD implementation, it shows
that 7 out of 8 (87.50%) athletes experienced an increase, and 1 in 8 athletes (12.50%) experienced a
decrease. The average percentage increase in program implementation was 7.54%. This is different from
the results of a study which states that the improvement of athlete's training is largely determined by good
physical performance [16].
The management of sports coaching as standard is that a good coaching program starts from an
early age. Supporting devices such as athletes and coaches, infrastructure, policies, recruitment processes,
and budgets are crucial issues that often become obstacles in the coaching and development of gymnastics.
PPOPD Semarang City has become a pioneer by implementing a joint, simultaneous and integrated
management pattern by covering various components of society. Facilities and human resources involved
such as athletes and coaches involve teachers, students and the school environment. Meanwhile, the
performance sports advisory agency provides policy and budget support. Then non-governmental
organizations and sports branch parent organizations become the main executors of the programs being run.
Some of the weaknesses that still occur are of course homework that must be completed and perfected.
Through the role of researchers and the application of evaluation methods are very helpful in improving the
management of the training pattern of gymnastics.
V. Conclusion
Based on the results of the research and discussion, the following conclusions can be given: (a)
The pre-athlete stage for PPOPD Semarang City in 2019 the gymnastics branch gave an average percentage
result of 70.10% and was included in the average category; (b) Semarang City PPOPD Phase 2019 for one
semester period shows that the average percentage is 77.64% and is included in the average category; (c)
Overall, the implementation of PPOD shows that 7 out of 8 (87.50%) athletes experienced an increase, and
1 in 8 athletes (12.50%) experienced a decrease. As for the average percentage increase in program
implementation was 7.54%.
Suggestions as recommendations that can be given from the results of this study are that the stages
of sports coaching cannot be separated from the instruments to measure the effectiveness of a program, so
that through evaluation research by the next researcher is needed as an improvement. Furthermore, it is
important for trainers and management of sports branch organizations to prepare coaching and training
programs by being given instruments that can measure how this can be carried out properly. Then, the
mechanism for fostering and developing sports giftedness cannot be separated from the main supporting
elements, namely policies and budgets from stakeholders, so a harmonious synergy is needed.
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