PERCEPTION, LEVEL OF SATISFACTION AND CHALLENGES FACED BY HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNERS OF WEST BENGAL: A STUDY IN COVID-19 PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

In the year 2019, every human being on the planet was confronted with a nightmare situation.
All educational institutions, including schools, colleges, universities, and other educational
institutions, were forced to close their doors. This pandemic, which was caused by a lethal
virus, killed the entire educational system. The entire educational system has shifted to digital
teaching and learning, or online teaching and learning. As a result, it's safe to assume that the
students had a lot of difficulties in their educational practices as well. The current study was
carried out in light of the awkward situation. Three variables were investigated in this study:
perception, level of satisfaction, and educational challenges. There were a total of 201
responses. It was discovered that 70% of people have a favourable opinion of online
education. On the level of satisfaction scale, 64.18 percent of respondents said they were
moderately satisfied with online teaching and learning. In the current study, it was also found
that there are no significant mean differences in the educational challenges faced during the
pandemic between male and female students and between science and arts students. On the
other hand, when it comes to the educational challenges that students face, there is a
significant mean difference between UG, PG, and Other students.

Full text

June 2022. VOL.14. ISSUE NO.2 https://hrdc.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/Ejournal Page 1855
PERCEPTION, LEVEL OF SATISFACTION AND CHALLENGES
FACED BY HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNERS OF WEST BENGAL: A
STUDY IN COVID-19 PERSPECTIVE
Prasenjit Das
Raju Singha
Abstract
In the year 2019, every human being on the planet was confronted with a nightmare situation.
All educational institutions, including schools, colleges, universities, and other educational
institutions, were forced to close their doors. This pandemic, which was caused by a lethal
virus, killed the entire educational system. The entire educational system has shifted to digital
teaching and learning, or online teaching and learning. As a result, it's safe to assume that the
students had a lot of difficulties in their educational practices as well. The current study was
carried out in light of the awkward situation. Three variables were investigated in this study:
perception, level of satisfaction, and educational challenges. There were a total of 201
responses. It was discovered that 70% of people have a favourable opinion of online
education. On the level of satisfaction scale, 64.18 percent of respondents said they were
moderately satisfied with online teaching and learning. In the current study, it was also found
that there are no significant mean differences in the educational challenges faced during the
pandemic between male and female students and between science and arts students. On the
other hand, when it comes to the educational challenges that students face, there is a
significant mean difference between UG, PG, and Other students.
Keywords: Perception, Level of Satisfaction, Educational Challenges, Higher education
students, Pandemic.
Introduction
In 2019, the spread of the Corona virus will be remembered as a dark chapter in history. In
the Chinese city of Wuhan, the first evidence of this lethal virus was discovered. This lethal
virus eventually spread around the world and became known as a pandemic. Worldwide, all
factories, industries, transportation systems, agriculture, and education are shut down for the
night. As a result, people's lives around the world change in an instant. It is enough to say that
while this lockdown did not prevent the pandemic from spreading, it did limit the spread of
the viruses among the general public. However, it had a negative impact on the social sphere
in real life. This corona pandemic wreaked havoc on the country's overall health. The
lockdown had an impact on the country's education system just as much as it did on industry,
agriculture, and trade. The shutdown of schools, colleges, and universities has had a number

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Prasenjit Das & Raju Singha/ Page 1855-1868
June 2022. VOL.14. ISSUE NO.2 https://hrdc.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/Ejournal Page 1856
of negative effects on students' education. Teaching at all levels of education, from primary to
higher education, was halted as a result of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, not only in
India but throughout the world. The need to keep the learning process alive is felt in this
situation. As a result, the teaching method underwent significant changes. Instead of
traditional pedagogy, digital pedagogy was introduced in the field of education. As a result,
the entire education system shifted online, serving as a backup for maintaining the system's
continuity. Many higher education institutions have begun to use digital media, e-learning
platforms, and video conferencing technologies to deliver instruction (Kerzic et al.,2021).
Many higher education institutions were adopting this form of delivery for the first time,
making the transfer extremely difficult for them because they have no such kind of
experiences to prepare and adjust to the new educational horizon.
There is no doubt that during the pandemic outbreak, online teaching learning filled
the gap in teaching pedagogy. However, one major concern with online teaching is that there
is no physical proximity or emotional connection between the teacher and the learner. This
major concern about online teaching and learning highlights the system's flaws even more.
As a result, higher education students in the new learning environment faced numerous
complexities and challenges. As a result, students in higher education around the world face
significant challenges in continuing their studies and research. As a result, the focus of this
research is on the learners' perceptions, levels of satisfaction, and major challenges faced by
higher education students during the pandemic outbreak in terms of online teaching and
learning.
Rationale of the Study:
From the review of related literature it has been found that many researchers have conducted
numerous studies related to the challenges that higher education students face when it comes
to online education all over the world. However, in the context of India, only a few studies on
perceptions of online learning, levels of satisfaction with online learning, and challenges
faced by higher education students during pandemics have been conducted with a small
number of samples. With all of these facts and arguments in mind, the researcher became
intrigued and decided to conduct research on the perceptions, levels of satisfaction, and
challenges faced by West Bengal higher education students.
Review of Related Literature
In this study, the researcher reviewed and reported on the majority of relevant research
studies conducted in India and abroad on the challenges, perceptions, and level of satisfaction
of higher education students with online teaching learning.
A) Perception towards online learning:
Unger and Meiran (2020) conducted a study on undergraduate student attitudes toward the
online environment in covid-19 period. In this study, 82 students were surveyed, and the
majority of them expressed concern about rapidly changing online learning. Aside from that,
91.5 percent of students perceive a significant difference between online and face-to-face
learning. Abbasi et al. (2020) investigated students' attitudes toward e-learning during
lockdown in another study. A total of 383 students participated in this study, with 77 percent
of them having a negative attitude toward e-learning. Students also believe that faculty and
administration should take the necessary steps to improve e-learning. A case study on online
learning in higher education during the covid-19 pandemic was conducted by Agormedah et

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Prasenjit Das & Raju Singha/ Page 1855-1868
June 2022. VOL.14. ISSUE NO.2 https://hrdc.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/Ejournal Page 1857
al. (2020) in their study, 467 students were surveyed, and they expressed dissatisfaction with
online learning due to the lack of formal orientation and instruction. In another study by Khan
et al. (2021) looked into students' perceptions of online learning and the challenges they faced
during the pandemic. In this study, the majority of students had positive attitudes toward
online learning. Policymakers and educational institutions should improve online classes by
using the most up-to-date techniques. Coman et al. (2020) conducted another study on online
teaching and learning during the pandemic at a Romanian university. The information was
gathered from 762 students, and the findings revealed that Romanian higher education
institutions were not prepared for solely online learning.
B) Level of satisfaction with online learning:
In a quantitative study by Gopal et al. (2021) on factors affecting students satisfaction with
online classes during the pandemic, they discovered four independent factors that have a
positive impact on student satisfaction in an online setting: quality of instructor, course
design, feedback, and expectations of the learners. Ali et al. (2021) found that controlling the
effect of student satisfaction with online learning reduces the magnitude of perceived
teachers' support from the total effect, indicating partial mediation in a quasi co-relational
study with the goal of studying the mediating role of student satisfaction in online learning
during the pandemic in Pakistan. The t-test results showed that medical students perceived
less teacher support than non-medical students. During the covid-19 pandemic, Kerzic et al.
(2021) conducted a study on student satisfaction and perceived performance in the e-learning
environment with 10,092 higher education students from ten countries. According to the
findings of the study the impact of e-learning quality on student performance was strongly
mediated by their satisfaction with e-learning,
C) Challenges faced by higher education learner in Covid-19 pandemic:
Aristovnik et al., (2021) present a comprehensive and large-scale study on the impact of the
covid-19 pandemic on the lives of higher education students around the world. The study
included 30,383 student responses from 62 countries, and it revealed that students were
concerned about their future professional careers and education, as well as boredom, anxiety,
and dissatisfaction Jena (2020) conducted another study on the impact of the covid-19
pandemic on education in India. The study discovered that widespread lockdown had a
negative impact on the lives of students. Due to the pandemic, 32 crore students were unable
to transfer to new educational institutions, and all educational activities were halted. Rapanta
et al. (2020), on the other hand, conducted a study on university teaching learning during and
after the Covid-19 crisis. According to the findings of the study, intelligent pedagogy is a
method of designing and delivering curriculum that encourages students to actively
participate in the learning process and is applicable to real-world situations. Another study by
Salceanu (2020) investigated the challenges faced by higher education students during the
Covid-19 pandemic. Ovidius University of Constanta provided 152 responses for this study.
According to the findings of the study, educational activities in an online environment are an
appropriate technique during the isolation and lockdown period. In a descriptive study by
Bhowmik and Bhattacharya (2021) investigated the factors influencing online learning in
higher education in the emergency shifts to covid-19. According to the findings of the above
study, students in an online setting experience feelings of isolation, boredom, dissatisfaction,

Towards Excellence: An Indexed, Refereed & Peer Reviewed Journal of Higher Education/
Prasenjit Das & Raju Singha/ Page 1855-1868
June 2022. VOL.14. ISSUE NO.2 https://hrdc.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/Ejournal Page 1858
and frustration. The study also revealed that one of the major challenges that both the teacher
and the student faced during online learning was a lack of immediate feedback.
Research Gap:
From the variety of relevant studies throughout the world, numerous research has been
conducted to determine the various elements that impact higher education in pandemic
outbreak. But no one study has not attempted to examine of the challenging aspects of higher
education in West Bengal in the pandemic scenario. As a result, there is a knowledge gap in
this field. The researcher has used standardized online tool, which has also been used on
participants of higher education to identify the variables that contribute to their educational
challenges, their perception and their level of satisfaction regarding online teaching learning.
Therefore this study will not be a replication of past research in terms of the Study's
objectives, settings, samples, and methods of execution.
Statement of the Problem:
Covid-19 Pandemic has breakdown the educational smoothness in every institution in the
country. So In this perspective, the researcher took this study to find out the perception, level
of satisfaction and educational challenges faced by the higher education students of West
Bengal. This study explores the challenges facing by the higher education students in West
Bengal during the covid-19 Pandemic. Therefore, the researchers entitled the present Study
“Perception, Level of satisfaction and Challenges faced by higher education learners of
West Bengal: A study in COVID-19 perspective”
Research Questions:
• What is the perception of higher education students of West Bengal regarding online
teaching learning?
• What is the level of satisfaction of higher education students regarding the online
teaching learning environment?
• What are the educational challenges experienced by the higher education students of
West Bengal during pandemic?
Objectives of the Study:
To conduct the study, the researcher has framed the following objectives:
• To study the perception of higher education students of West Bengal regarding online
teaching learning.
• To study the level of satisfaction of higher education students of West Bengal in terms
of online teaching learning environment.
• To study the educational challenges faced by the higher education students of West
Bengal in online teaching learning during pandemic.
• To study the mean differences between male & female students regarding their
educational challenges.
• To study the mean differences between UG, PG & others level students regarding
facing the educational challenges.
• To study the mean differences between Arts & Science students regarding facing the
educational challenges.
Hypotheses of the Study:

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H01: There exist no significant mean differences between the male & female students
regarding educational challenges face during pandemic.
H02: There exists no significant mean difference between science & arts stream students
regarding educational challenges face during pandemic.
H03: There exists no significant mean difference between UG & PG students regarding
educational challenges face during pandemic.
Operational Definition of the Terms:
Perception
In the present Study, perception refers to the conscious understanding of online teaching
learning environment during pandemic.
Level of Satisfaction
In the present Study, level of satisfaction refers to the how much satisfied of higher education
students with online teaching-learning in pandemic situation.
Higher Education
In the present study, higher education students are those students who have completed a high
school degree and have been enrolled in different kinds of formal higher education
institutions in West Bengal, India.
COVID-19
COVID-19 is an infective virus that causes illness severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Challenges
In the present Study, challenges refer to the educational barrier students faced in higher
education during pandemic outbreak.
Pandemic
In the present study, Pandemic refers to affecting many people throughout the world,
especially related to a sickness or illness caused by the novel Corona Virus.
Delimitations of the Study:
The present study is delimited in the following manner:
• The present study is delimited to the higher education students of West Bengal only
• In the present study, the researcher chose 201 higher education students as sample
from higher education institution of West Bengal.
• The present study has been carried out on some selected demographic variables of the
students, like Gender, Course, Stream, etc.
Methodology of the study
Nature of the Study
In the present study, Descriptive survey method was used by the investigator. It has also
Mixed method research because the researcher has collected data both qualitative &
quantitatively and also simultaneously analyze that.
Population of the Study
All the higher education students enrolled in the current academic year in UG, PG and other
courses in West Bengal have been treated as the population for the present study.
Sample of the Study

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June 2022. VOL.14. ISSUE NO.2 https://hrdc.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/Ejournal Page 1860
The researcher has selected only 201 students from different higher education institutions of
West Bengal as a sample for the present study.
Sampling Technique:
The Random sampling technique has been used for the selection of the sample. At first, the
researcher has selected different kinds of higher education institutions situated in West
Bengal. Then the researcher randomly selected 201 Students from higher education
institutions to collect reliable, valid, and unbiased data.
Tools used for the study
The accuracy of the result is determined by the tools used for evaluation purpose. In the
current study the researcher has created and used three different online questionnaires using
Google Forms. The questionnaire was distributed via WhatsApp, Email, and other social
media platforms. A total of 201 responses were collected and analyzed accordingly.
• A scale on perception of the higher education students regarding online teaching
learning.
• A scale on satisfaction level regarding the online teaching learning environment.
• A scale on educational challenges facing by the higher education students during
pandemic.
Items
Scoring Principles
Reliability
About the
tools
Open
ended
Close
ended
Total
Items
For
positiv
e items
For
negative
items
Reliabilit
y Value
Classification
1. Perception
towards online
teaching
learning
NIL
15
15
Yes=2
No=1
Yes=1
No=2
0.82
Good
2. Satisfaction
level towards
online
teaching
learning
NIL
12
12
Yes=2
No=1
Yes=1
No=2
0.78
Be Accepted
3. Educational
challenges
facing by the
students
02
15
17
Yes=2
No=1
Yes=1
No=2
0.84
Good
Table1: Description of the tools

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Statistical techniques used:
The researcher has extensively used SPSS 21 followed by these techniques to analyze the
data:
• Mean
• Standard Deviation
• ‘t’-test
• ANOVA
Findings of the Study:
A) Perception of the higher education students towards online teaching learning:
The perception of West Bengal higher education students toward the online teaching learning
system was determined using a two-point Likerts’ scale. A graphical representation of the
findings of this aspect is shown below:
Figure1: The graphical representation of the perception of higher education students
towards online teaching learning
From the above presentation, it is clear that the majority of students have a favourable
attitude toward online teaching and learning. In all of the dimensions of the above
presentation, 70 percent or more of the students responded positively. Only 10% of students
and above said that practical courses could be completed online, while the rest of the sample
said that practical courses could never be completed online.
B) Level of satisfaction of the higher education students regarding online teaching
learning:
0
50
100
150
200
250
Can fill the
knowledge
gap
Syllabus can
be covered in
due time
Practical
course can be
done
Substitute of
the
conventional
learning
Subjects can
be effectively
taught
165
195
27
162 150
36
6
174
39 51
No
Yes

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June 2022. VOL.14. ISSUE NO.2 https://hrdc.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/Ejournal Page 1862
Group
Number
Mean
S.D
Higher
education
students
201
24.66
2.97
Table2: Mean, SD of level of satisfaction scale
For determining the level of satisfaction
M 
M +  = 24.66 + 2.97 = 27.63
M - = 24.66 – 2.97 = 21.69
Scores
Frequency
Percentage
Level of Educational
Challenges
≥ 27.63
38
18.91%
High
Between 21.69 to 27.63
129
64.18%
Moderate
≤ 21.69
34
16.91%
Low
Total
201
100%
Table 3: Represent the level of satisfaction among the higher education students towards
online teaching learning
Based from the above table, we can observe that out of the total 201 Students38 (18.91%) of
students have scored above 27.63, 129 (64.18%) Students have scored between 27.63 to
21.69, and 34 (16.91%) students have scored below 21.69 on the satisfaction scale towards
online teaching learning. Therefore, we can conclude that the majority of students (64.18
percent) scored between 21.69 and 27.63, indicating moderate satisfaction with online
teaching and learning among higher education students.
C) Educational Challenges faced by the higher education students
Demographic Variables
Number (N)
Mean (M)
SD ()
Test Employed
Gender
Male
97
24.47
3.02
t-test
Female
104
24.83
2.93
Stream
Arts
176
24.68
2.96
t-test
Science
25
24.52
3.05
Course
Undergraduate
(UG)
84
23.86
3.08
ANOVA (F-test)
Postgraduate (PG)
89
25.07
2.91
Others
28
25.75
2.22

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Table 4: Summary of the Mean and SD in educational challenges faced by the higher
education students
H01: There exist no significant mean differences between the male & female students
regarding educational challenges face during pandemic.
Sex
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Mean
Difference
SED
df
t-value
Result
Male
97
24.47
3.021
0.36
0.42
199
0.84
Not
Significant at
0.05 level*
Femal
e
104
24.83
2.931
Table 5: The significant mean difference between Male and Female Students regarding the
educational challenges face by them
From table 5 it can be observed that the calculated 't’-value is 0.84 and it is less than the
critical value at 0.05 level of significance with 199 degree of freedom (df). Therefore the null
hypothesis is failed to reject and it imply the result is insignificant and we may conclude that
there is no significant difference among the male and female Students regarding their
educational challenges during pandemic outbreak.
H02: There exists no significant mean difference between science & arts stream students
regarding educational challenges face during pandemic.
Stream
N
Mean
SD
Mean
Differenc
e
SED
df
t-
value
Result
Scienc
e
25
24.52
3.057
0.156
0.637
199
0.25
Not Significant at
0.05 level*
Arts
176
24.68
2.969
Table 6: The significant mean difference between Science and Arts Students regarding the
educational challenges face by them
From the above table it can be observed that the calculated 't’-value is 0.25 and it is less than
the critical value at the 0.05 level of significance with 199 df. Therefore, the null hypothesis
is failed to reject and it imply the result is insignificant and we may conclude that there is no
significant difference among the Science and Arts Students regarding their educational
challenges during pandemic outbreak.
H03: There exists no significant mean difference between UG & PG students regarding
educational challenges face during pandemic.
ANOVA
Sum of
df
Mean Square
F
Sig.

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Squares
Between
Groups
102.182
2
51.091
6.075
.003
Within Groups
1665.131
198
8.410
Total
1767.313
200
Table7: Showing the differences among the UG, PG & Others students regarding the
educational challenges
*At 0.05 level of Significance 3.04
*At 0.01 level of significance 4.71
From the above table it can be observed that the calculated F-value is greater than the critical
value at 0.01 level of significance. Therefore, the null hypothesis is failed to accept at both
level of significance. Hence, it can be interpreted that there is a significant mean difference
among the UG, PG & Other higher education students in respect to their educational
challenges face in online teaching learning during the pandemic outbreak.
Fig 2: Dimension wise educational challenges faced by the higher education students
The six dimensions of educational challenges faced by West Bengal higher education
students are depicted in the diagram above. In this first-dimensional graphical representation,
students are dealing with a shift in their schedule. The majority of the students have given
positive responses. In the second dimension, 96 students (out of 201 total) responded
negatively to No. On the other hand, 105 students have responded positively to Yes. As a
result, a large number of higher education students believe that the syllabus will be covered in
a timely manner through online classes. In the third dimension, 108 students have responded
negatively to No, while 93 students have responded positively to Yes. As a result, it is a
critical aspect of online learning that the majority of students struggle with the concept clarity
of their respective course. In another area, 65 percent of students and above believe that the
0
50
100
150
200
250
Changes in
time
schedule
Syllabus
covered
through
online class
Concept
clarity in
online
learning
Blended
method in
near future
Difficulties
in operating
ICT skills
Getting
feedback in
online
classes
154
105 93
130 134 135
47
96 108
71 67 66
No
Yes

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June 2022. VOL.14. ISSUE NO.2 https://hrdc.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/Ejournal Page 1865
education system should be offered in a blended mode in the near future, while only 35
percent of students disagree. In the last two dimensions, it is also clear that majority of the
students have difficulty using technology for educational purposes and have issues with the
feedback system in the online teaching learning process.
Discussion:
• It was found that most of the students feel the COVID-19 Pandemic would affect
enrollment numbers of the new academic session. Out of 201 students only 27(13.4%)
students disagree that the Pandemic will affect enrollment numbers of the new
academic session. On the other hand, 174 (86.6%) students agree that the Pandemic
will negatively affect enrollment numbers of the new academic session.
• It was found that most of the students face time management problems while pursuing
in online classes.
• Out of 201 students 57(28.4%) students did not face any time management problem
while 144(71.6%) students faced time management problems.
• It was found from the study that a large number of the higher education students
experienced changes in learning schedules in COVID-19 pandemic situation. Out of
201 students’ 47(23.4%) students do not experience changes in learning schedule; on
the other hand, 154(76.6%) students have experiences changes in learning schedule in
a pandemic situation.
• It was found that most of the higher education students experience curriculum change
in a pandemic situation. However, it was also found that out of 201 students 86
(42.8%) students do not experience curriculum change while 115(57.2%) students
experience curriculum change in this pandemic situation.
• The researcher found that many higher education students think that the syllabus will
be covered in due time through online classes. The researcher also found that out of
201 students 96(47.8%) students do not agree that the syllabus will be covered in due
time and 105 (52.2%)students thinks the syllabus will be covered in due time.
• The researcher found that most of higher education students are dissatisfied with
concept clarity in an online setting. The researcher also found that out of 201 students
108(53.7%) students responded that they do not satisfy with the concept clarity in
online classes. In the contrary 93(46.3%) students has responded that in online class,
their concept is cleared in a crystal manner.
• The researcher found that most of the higher education students agree with the
justification that blended mode of education should be implemented in near future.
However it was also found that out of 201 students 71(35.3%) students do not think
that blended curriculum should be implemented in the future and 130 (64.7%)
students think it should be implemented in the future.
• It was found that there is no significant mean difference between Male and Female
Students in respect to their educational challenges faced in COVID outbreak.
However it is also found that the Female Students have comparatively faced a high
level of educational challenges rather than the Male Students.
• The researcher found a higher significant difference among the UG, PG & Other
higher education courses regarding their educational challenges based on the Course
of Study.

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• The researcher found no significant mean difference between the students of science
& arts stream in respect to their educational challenges based on their Stream of
Study. However, it was also found that Arts Students are facing comparatively high
level of educational challenges than the Science Students on the basis of their
obtained mean score.
Recommendations for Further Study:
• A similar study may be carried out by combining more extensive samples from
different locations and levels of the state.
• A comparative research of different states of India can be carried out.
• A further study can be carried out on educational challenges faced by the primary and
secondary level students from different part of the country.
• A comparative study on various strategies for decreasing educational challenges may
be undertaken.
• A comparison study of the educational challenges faced by urban and rural students in
West Bengal's various districts and beyond the state may be conducted.
• Research may be conducted on the effectiveness of e-learning during the covid-19
Pandemic in different levels such as elementary, secondary & higher education levels
in West Bengal or other states of India.

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Prasenjit Das
M.A in Education

Towards Excellence: An Indexed, Refereed & Peer Reviewed Journal of Higher Education/
Prasenjit Das & Raju Singha/ Page 1855-1868
June 2022. VOL.14. ISSUE NO.2 https://hrdc.gujaratuniversity.ac.in/Ejournal Page 1868
Raiganj University, WB
Email: pdas1534@gmail.com
&
Raju Singha
Assistant Professor in Education (Stage-I)
Dr. Meghnad Saha College. Itahar, U/D, WB
Email: rajutech1@gmail.com