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An evaluative study on the level of knowledge, resources, and training in crime scene management amongst police officers in Sikar District of Rajasthan
Abstract
Crime scene photography is one aspect that should be upgraded with time for better and significant results in crime scene
management. The present study focuses on the resources, training and level of knowledge about crime scene photography
existing among police officials in Sikar district of Rajasthan. There is a great need to evaluate the resources, training and
knowledge existing among police officials about crime scene photography, so that our criminal justice system is able to obtain
sufficient and significant results from crime scene and helps in delivering justice.
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The present volume on 'The Development of SCs and STs in India' contains several contributors on various aspects relating to problem and development of SCs and STs. These contributions have been transpired form reputed academicians and research scholars in the Universities and Colleges. The book emphasized on development of SCs and STs in India. A clear-sighted and well-researched view on the problem have been put forth in this volume. The present exposition through critical analyses is an objective attempt to understand the reality relating to various strategies and schemes being followed for SCs, STs development in India
This book will certainly prove of immense values to all those interested in Development of SCs and STs, especially the planners and policy makers in evolving an appropriate viable strategy for development in the coming years.
Purpose
To inform health behavior intervention design, we sought to quantify loneliness and its correlates, including social media use, among adults in the United States.
Design
Cross-sectional research panel questionnaire.
Setting
Responses were gathered from individuals in all 50 states surveyed via Internet from February 2018 to March 2018.
Participants
A total of 20 096 US panel respondents aged 18+.
Measures
The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale (theoretical score range = 20-80) was administered along with demographic, structural, cognitive, and behavioral items.
Analysis
After calibrating the sample to population norms, we conducted multivariable linear regression analysis.
Results
The overall mean survey-weighted loneliness score was 44.03 (standard error = 0.09). Social support (standardized β [sβ] = −0.19) and meaningful daily interactions (sβ = −0.14) had the strongest associations with lower loneliness, along with reporting good relationships, family life, physical and mental health, friendships, greater age, being in a couple, and balancing one’s daily time. Social anxiety was most strongly associated with greater loneliness (sβ = +0.20), followed by self-reported social media overuse (sβ = +0.05) and daily use of text-based social media (sβ = +0.03).
Conclusion
Our findings confirm that loneliness decreases with age, and that being in a relationship as well as everyday behavioral factors in people’s control are most strongly related to loneliness. Population health promotion efforts to reduce loneliness should focus on improving social support, decreasing social anxiety, and promoting healthy daily behaviors.
Objective:
The purpose of this pragmatic controlled trial was to examine changes in psychological and occupational well-being in professionals who attended a yoga-based program.
Setting:
The 5-day RISE (resilience, integration, self-awareness, engagement) program was delivered at the Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health. RISE included 5 h per day of yoga, meditation, lectures, and experiential activities.
Subjects:
Adult professionals from education, corrections, and social service institutions were pragmatically assigned to the RISE group (n = 61) or a waitlist control group (n = 60).
Outcome measures:
Measures of psychological and occupational well-being were completed before RISE (baseline), immediately after RISE (postprogram), and 2 months after RISE (follow-up). Analyses of covariance were conducted to compare change scores between groups.
Results:
Eighty-two participants (RISE n = 41, control n = 41) completed baseline and postmeasures and were included in the analysis, and 57 (RISE n = 27, control n = 30) also completed the follow-up. Relative to controls, the RISE group reported improvements in stress (p = 0.001, r2 = 0.51), resilience (p = 0.028, r2 = 0.34), positive affect (p = 0.001, r2 = 0.52), negative affect (p = 0.001, r2 = 0.52), mindfulness (p = 0.021, r2 = 0.13), and job satisfaction (p = 0.034, r2 = 0.08) from baseline to postprogram. From baseline to follow-up, compared with controls the RISE group showed improvements in stress (p = 0.001, r2 = 0.33), resilience (p = 0.001, r2 = 0.24), positive affect (p = 0.006, r2 = 0.49), negative affect (p = 0.043, r2 = 0.32), mindfulness (p = 0.001, r2 = 0.28), empowerment (p = 0.005, r2 = 0.20), and self-compassion (p = 0.011, r2 = 0.19).
Conclusions:
The RISE program was associated with improvements in psychological and occupational well-being immediately after and 2 months after the program. Future research is needed to confirm these results.
Mandatory continuing professional education is accepted across many professions as a re-credentialing mechanism to maintain professional competency. Self-directed learning is a widely recognized type of learning to meet mandatory continuing professional education requirements. The nature and characteristics of self-directed learning has been transformed with the growth in digital and mobile technologies, however there is minimal understanding of the role of these technologies in the self-directed learning habits of adult learners. This study sought to explore the perspectives of adult learners around the effect of digital and mobile technologies on continuing professional education activities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 55 adult learners from four professional groups (9 physicians; 20 nurses; 4 pharmacists; 22 social workers). Key thematic categories included perceptions of self-directed learning, self-directed learning resources, key triggers, and barriers to undertaking self-directed learning. Digital and mobile technologies emerged as important resources supporting the self-directed learning of health and human services professionals. Increasing usage and dependency on these technologies has important implications for organizational and workplace policies that can support effective self-directed learning processes in a digital age. A conceptual model is introduced to characterize the key factors defining the self-directed learning patterns and practices of adult learners in a digital age.
Multi-level marketing companies (MLMs) such as Amway, Herbalife, or Tupperware differ from most other companies. They market their products and services by means of self-employed distributors who typically work from home, sell products to end consumers, and recruit, motivate, and educate new distributors to do the same. Although the industry’s growth seems to illustrate the attractiveness of MLMs, the industry has been facing several legal and ethical problems. In this paper, we focus on these problems and argue that an extended MLM model may help us to understand why such problems continue to occur, despite the countermeasures that have been implemented. By explicating how problems relate to a specific but often overlooked characteristic of MLMs, i.e., the so-called distributor network, we provide an extended understanding of (a) MLMs’ mode of operation, (b) the sources of their legal and ethical problems, and (c) the reason that currently implemented and suggested countermeasures may not suffice. Moreover, based on our extended understanding of MLMs and their problems, we propose additional countermeasures.
Having a sense of purpose is recognized as an important resource for maintaining health and well-being over the life span. We examined associations of individual differences in sense of purpose with levels and rates of change in indices of aging well (health, cognition, and depressive symptoms) in a sample of 1,475 older adults (Mage = 77.06 years, SD = 6.27; 50% female) assessed on up to 6 occasions over 18 years. We also conducted survival analysis to examine associations of purpose with longevity. We hypothesized that a higher sense of purpose would be associated with better performance on the aging well measures, and that those with a higher sense of purpose would show shallower declines in aging well over time. Results indicated that participants who scored higher on sense of purpose reported lower levels of functional disability, performed better on cognitive tests (episodic memory and speed of processing), and reported better self-rated health and fewer depressive symptoms. Sense of purpose was not associated with individual differences in rates of change in the aging well indices with the exception of speed of processing, for which a higher sense of purpose was associated with marginally shallower rates of decline. Higher sense of purpose was also associated with increased probability of survival, although this association became weaker over time. The findings support the notion that purposeful living contributes to health and well-being. At the same time, higher sense of purpose may not buffer against more pervasive losses in health that become more common in oldest-old adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record
(c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
This study aimed to understand travelers’ perceptions about the benefits of tourism crisis preparedness certification and its potential to positively influence the travelers’ destination decision-making process. A survey of U.S. households revealed that, in general, travelers are neutral or not sure about certification and its relationship to safety, benefits, and future travel. The main predictors of likelihood to travel to a certified tourism prepared destination were as follows: (1) I have a great deal of confidence in such a crisis certification process; (2) I would feel safer when visiting a certified crisis prepared travel destination; (3) A certified crisis prepared destination would be safer to visit than one that is not; and (4) a crisis prepared certification benefits the visitor. The findings imply a need for a clear definition and conceptualization of tourism crisis preparedness certification. By extension, the benefits of certification should be articulated to travelers so they can make informed travel decisions.
This papers tries to illustrate the exploratory use of GIS within the context of landscape research in archaeology. Current landscape approaches incorporate important theoretical advancements which have made archaeologists sensitive to the subtleties of human space but these developments have not been matched by advances in method. The paper focuses on this aspect and thus should be seen as pilot example towards the development of new landscape methodology.
Virtual reality (VR) offers tourism many useful applications that deserve greater attention from tourism researchers and professionals. As VR technology continues to evolve, the number and significance of such applications undoubtedly will increase. Planning and management, marketing, entertainment, education, accessibility, and heritage preservation are six areas of tourism in which VR may prove particularly valuable. Part of VR's possible utility as a preservation tool derives from its potential to create virtual experiences that tourists may accept as substitutes for real visitation to threatened sites. However, the acceptance of such substitutes will be determined by a tourist's attitudes toward authenticity and his or her motivations and constraints. As VR is further integrated into the tourism sector new questions and challenges clearly will emerge. The sector will benefit from future research into the topics that are discussed and numerous suggestions for future research are presented.
The sharp increase of Internet usage, as well as, the systematic progress of Information Technology have transformed the way goods are bought and sold, resulting to the exponential growth in the number of online shoppers. However, a lot of differences regarding online purchases have been revealed due to the various consumers’ characteristics and the types of provided products and services. Therefore, understanding who are the ones consuming and why they choose to use or avoid the Internet as a distribution channel, is a vital issue for both e-commerce managers and consumer theorists. The scope of this paper is to examine the perceptions of Greek university students’ adopters and non-adopters of online shopping in terms of demographic profile, expectations of online stores, advantages and problems related to online purchases. Moreover, the reasons for using or avoiding online shopping, as well as, the types of preferred products were studied. The research provides interesting insights on the online consumer behaviour, as the results show significant differences between the two groups of respondents.
This article for the Conversation argues that capitalism's pursuit of only one type of value limited its ability to respond to COVID, and uses a two-axis scenario technique to discuss where we might go in the future. It is freely available online at: https://theconversation.com/what-will-the-world-be-like-after-coronavirus-four-possible-futures-134085
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 1.4 million confirmed cases and over 83,000 deaths globally. It has also sparked fears of an impending economic crisis and recession. Social distancing, self-isolation and travel restrictions forced a decrease in the workforce across all economic sectors and caused many jobs to be lost. Schools have closed down, and the need of commodities and manufactured products has decreased. In contrast, the need for medical supplies has significantly increased. The food sector has also seen a great demand due to panic-buying and stockpiling of food products. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the socio-economic effects of COVID-19 on individual aspects of the world economy.
The conventional wisdom that “happy workers are productive workers” goes back to the beginning of the field of organizational behavior and human resource management. However, there has generally been a lack of rich theoretical development and supporting empirical research testing this hypothesis until the stimulation provided by the positive psychology movement. In this chapter, we focus on the emerging domain of positive organizational behavior (POB) and specifically the core construct of psychological capital (PsyCap) consisting of the positive psychological resources of hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism. Four processes are presented through which PsyCap may contribute to employee happiness – cognitive, affective, conative, and social mechanisms. Psychological capital development and implications and future directions for its research and practice conclude the chapter.
Literature on social entrepreneurship provides a limited understanding of how to generate social value. The article expands on a “learning with the market” approach for developing a framework, explaining how social entrepreneurs can manage, get engaged with, form, and create (new) markets for co-creating social value and transformation. The applicability and implications of the framework are examined through a case study of a social restaurant (Mageires). Data collected from various restaurant stakeholders (customers, employees, suppliers, owners/founders, and other business partners) identified three market capabilities for generating social value and change: network structure (building networks with various stakeholders), market practices (e.g. institutionalization of “new currencies” for conducting economic transactions, adoption of ethical, flexible, and all inclusive recruiting practices), and market pictures (e.g. use of a common terminology and performance metrics and generation of stakeholders’ dialogues for creating intersubjective meanings).
‘What must it have been like to be here in ancient times?’ — where ‘here’ is inside one of the Great Zimbabwe enclosures or a Mesoamerican ball-court. An architectural approach to built spaces may make coherent that felt experience, here applied to the Loughcrew chamber-tombs, classic built spaces of Irish prehistory.
This article proposes a positive approach to organizational behavior (OB). Although the importance of positive feelings has been recognized through the years in the academic OB and popular literature, both management scholars and practitioners have arguably too often taken a negative perspective-trying to fix what is wrong with managers and employees and concentrating on weaknesses. Positive organizational behavior (POB) follows the lead of recently emerging positive psychology, which is driven by theory and research focusing on people's strengths and psychological capabilities. Instead of just retreading and putting a positive spin on traditional OB concepts, this unveiling of POB sets forth specific criteria for inclusion. Not only does positivity have to be associated with the concept, but it must also be relatively unique to the OB field, have valid measures, be adaptable to leader/management and human resource training and development, and, most important, capable of contributing to performance improvement in today's workplace. The criteria-meeting concepts of confidence/self-efficacy, hope, optimism, subjective well-being/happiness, and emotional intelligence (or the acronym CHOSE) are identified and analyzed as most representative of the proposed POB approach. The implications of these POB concepts for the workplace are given particular attention.
The oldest religion of the people of India is Hinduism. It is a religion which was not propounded by a single individual, but was evolved out of the developments spanning several millennia. It has the distinction that it has assimilated the unique features of all the ages through which it evolved. From the time of its appearance it has grown by adapting itself to its environment. Several works have come forth as an expression of its doctrines from the very beginning. But there is no single gospel for Hinduism as, say, the Bible is for Christianity. The Vedas, the Brahmanas, the Upanishads, the Puranas, the Ithihasas, all reflect the thought of Hindu religion.
While statisticians have simulated the expected rate of growth in pyramid schemes, this research examines actual data on the spread of an alleged pyramid scheme in Montana. Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing (FHTM) was a multilevel marketing firm, sued by six states and the Federal Trade Commission and permanently shut down in 2014. Data from a settlement with the State of Montana provide a population of participants in a geographic region with definable markets and offer unique insights into local contagion. The authors analyze the pattern of FHTM adoption within a diffusion-of-innovation framework. The findings confirm that nearly all adoption results from interpersonal influence (i.e., imitation) and indicate that participation is higher in counties with larger economic contractions. The authors add to existing guidance about early indicators of fraudulent activity and discuss intervention and prevention strategies that reflect the imitative nature of this diffusion process.
The megalithic burials of southern India—a wonderfully varied set of monuments—have long needed a chronology and a context. Broadly contemporary with the Roman and Sasanian empires, these dolmens, cairns and cists have continually raised contradictions with their material contents. The authors attack the problem using luminescence applied to pottery at the site of Siruthavoor in north-east Tamilnadu. Although sharing material culture, this first pilot project gave dates ranging from 300 BC to AD 600, so exposing the problem and perhaps, in OSL, its long-term solution.
The years 1964 and 1967 stand as two crucial landmarks in the democratic development of India's political systems both at the center and in the several states. In the three years since Nehru's death in May, 1964, Indian politics entered fully into a major test of legitimacy. Since 1964, the national leadership of the Indian National Congress has three times demonstrated its ability to handle smoothly the first stage of India's process of legitimizing democratic political authority—that of transferring power from a charismatic leader to his successors within the dominant party. After the 1967 General Elections, Indian politics moved to a second stage to confront the problems of transferring power from the previously dominant Congress to diverse parties and party coalitions in more than half the Indian states.
The purpose of this paper is to examine the implications for party development in India of the ways in which power has been transferred from the Congress to multi-group coalitions in the three north Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab. Specifically, I am concerned with the structural characteristics of the developing party systems in the three states; with the roles played in the systems by parties, factions, and individuals; and with the impact of the ways in which the systems function upon government formation and stability. I will argue that north Indian political parties operate in systems in which inter-party ideological divisions are less decisive in the formation and breakup of governments than intra-party divisions.
Landscape has emerged as a significant site for archaeological practice: for our explorations of the past, our contributions to heritage conservation, management and planning and our interventions in the lives of others. Given this, it is imperative that we – archaeological researchers and practitioners, heritage managers and professionals – engage in an ongoing ethical discourse concerning our landscape work. In this article, I aim to contribute to that process. I present a thematic review of developments in theory, ethics and practice across the landscape disciplines and provide a selective analysis of archaeological positions on these matters. From there, and drawing in particular on work in the recently emerged field of ‘landscape ethics’, I develop principles for a relational ethics of archaeological landscape practice. I suggest that these principles provide an explicit ethical platform for engaging with the circumstances of archaeological practice as they are emerging in the twenty-first century, not least as defined by widely relevant supranational landscape policies. More than that, these principles provide a basis for archaeologists to contribute, through their work, to the attainment of landscape justice, i.e. fairness and due reward in relation to landscape matters.
This research is the first to test the hypothesis that consumers face a “material trap” in which materialism fosters social isolation which in turn reinforces materialism. It provides evidence that materialism and loneliness are engaged in bidirectional relationships over time. Importantly, it finds that loneliness contributes more to materialism than the other way around. Moreover, it finds that materialism’s contribution to loneliness is not uniformly vicious but critically differs between specific subtypes of materialism. That is, valuing possessions as a happiness medicine or as a success measure increased loneliness, and these subtypes also increased most due to loneliness. Yet seeking possessions for material mirth decreased loneliness and was unaffected by it. These findings are based on longitudinal data from over 2,500 consumers across 6 years and a new latent growth model. They reveal how materialism and loneliness form a self-perpetuating vicious and virtuous cycle depending on the materialism subtype.
In a society where knowledge-intensive activities are an increasingly important component of the economy, the distribution of knowledge across the population is increasingly linked to stratificatio n. Much attention among both academic researchers and in policy circles has been paid to what segments of the population have access to the Internet or are Internet users. Although the medium has seen high rates of diffusion, its spread has been unequal both within and across nations. In this chapter, I look at (a) individual-level inequality in Internet access and use in the United States, (b) cross-national variation in connectedness, and (c) inequality from the side of content producers in gaining audiences for their material online.
Because of their inherent interest in marketing, students in marketing and sales classes are often approached by those attempting to recruit them to become involved in multilevel marketingprograms. When students are presented with such a business opportunity, they often turn to their marketing professors for advice. Marketing educators need to be able to help their students differentiate ethical, legitimate business opportunities from those that are not. The current paper presents five questions students should ask when trying to ascertain the ethical and legal legitimacy of a multilevel marketing opportunity.
Considerable attention has been paid within tourism management and the tourism academic community to tourists' fear of crime and disorder. However, with few exceptions, this attention has focused predominantly on the impact of high-profile crimes and terrorist incidents on choice of destination. Moreover, although, again, there is an established tradition of interviewing residents of tourist locations about their perceptions of the (negative) impacts of tourism, little emphasis has been placed on asking tourists themselves. The research discussed in this paper attempted to fill these two voids by deploying a victim survey with a national sample of British people, focusing on their last holiday. The findings confirm the high victimization rates experienced by tourists. However, although many people took notions of safety into account in choosing a holiday area or country, few saw crime or disorder as a problem when they subsequently went on holiday. These findings are explored in the context of the risk-fear paradox that is acknowledged in the victimological literature. But, while in that context the paradox is that fear exceeds risk, in the case of tourism and crime it appears that risk exceeds fear. The results underline the importance of crime prevention and community safety as policy priorities.
This study aims to (1) identify tourists' concerns about perceived travel risks while traveling abroad, (2) explore whether such perceived risks affect tourists' decisions during crises, (3) investigate whether such risks are in any way mitigated by a traveler's prior experience with the foreign country, and (4) determine the impact of terrorism and the impact of diseases such as SARS and bird flu on Thailand's hospitality industry. We found that people did not discontinue traveling completely but did select different options from travel alternatives. If there was a high perceived risk of terrorism, instead of forgoing traveling completely, respondents would choose to travel to a less dangerous destination. Interestingly, while traveling during times of crisis, both first-time and repeat travelers perceived risks of deterioration and tourist satisfaction as their major concerns. However, first-time and repeat travelers showed differences in terms of their perceptions regarding disease risk, increase of travel costs, and travel inconvenience.
On the basis of available information, this paper debunks some of the conventional wisdom concerning the informal sector. This sector is not the major point of entry for fresh migrants from rural areas and there exist large variations in earnings within it. A disproportionately large number of informal-sector workers are (i) very young or very old, (ii) females, (iii) limited in education and (iv) not the primary household earners. Finally, the paper confronts the predictions of a dualistic urban labour market model for trends over time in output, employment, productivity and earnings with the results of a case study of Peru by Richard Webb.
Brings together 2 introductory conceptual essays and 9 case studies on this topic in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The final part reflects on the relationships between the growth of the informal sector of the urban economy, the corresponding government policies and the urban environment in general. Major conclusions refer to the rate of labour absorption to be expected of informal sector activities, levels of productivity, the possibilities open to the sector for material and technological advancement, and the prospects for both 'neutral' and positive government intervention. -C.Gerry
This article presents a summary of Blumberg's general theory of gender stratification, which emphasizes relative male/female control of economic resources as a main (although not sole) predictor of a broad array of gender stratification consequences. It also reviews evidence from numerous Third World countries that men and women spend income under their control differently--with women holding back less for themselves and spending more on child nutrition and family basic human needs. Thus the data indicate that when women lose control of income, what is affected is not only their relative marital/familial power (and self-esteem) but also family well-being. Moreover, evidence is presented that planned Third World development projects that rely on female labor but do not provide women with a return to that labor also are likely to suffer: women will attempt to reallocate their efforts to tasks yielding income under their own control. In Africa, where women raise most locally marketed/consumed food and usually have specific familial obligations that require them to have independently controlled income, the bypassing of women farmers and undercutting their returns may be an important--albeit unheralded--factor in the region's food crisis. In sum, the Third World data support both the theory of gender stratification and the relative resources approach to marital power, and point the way to broadening the US marital/family power debate to include male/female spending patterns.
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