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1
(CCME-WQI)
najlaajeel@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq
(CCME WQI)
TDS (PH)
(DO) (turbidity) (TH) (EC)
(Total Alkalinity) (Ca+ 2) (Mg+2)
(So4-2) (No3-) (Cl─)
CCME WQI
(PCA)
TDS TH EC
(So4-2)
Assessment of the water quality of DALMAJ Lake in Qadisiyah
Governorate and its investment using the Canadian Water Quality
Index (CCME-WQI)
Assistant Professor Dr. Najla A. Mohammed
University of Mustansiriya / Faculty of Education / Department of Geography
.iqnajlaajeel@uomustansiriyah.edu
2
Keywords: (DALMAJ Lake , Qadisiyah Governorate, The Canadian water
quality index, Principal component analysis).
Abstract : The study was conducted to assess the water quality (raw
drinking and irrigation) of Dalmaj Lake in Qadisiyah Governorate using
the Water Quality Index issued by the Canadian Council of Environment
Ministers (CCME WQI). Total dissolved solids TSD acidity or basicity
of liquid (PH) dissolved oxygen (DO) turbidity total hardness (TH)
electrical conductivity (EC) and total alkalinity as well as calcium (Ca +
2) and magnesium (Mg + 2) and negative dissolved ions sulfates (So4-2)
nitrates (No3-) and chlorides (Cl-) The results of the study showed that
only the two indicators (acidity and nitrates) are within the permissible
environmental standards and all the sites of water samples are in the poor
category Where the CCME WQI value for raw water reached (22.13)
drinking water (18.19) and irrigation water (19.06) the highest value was
recorded in the month of June in particular. The validity of drinking water
for livestock and poultry for the water of Dalmaj Lake has fluctuated as
60% of it cannot be used 22.86% and 14.28% is safe water while only
2.85% is acceptable. Correlation arrays and Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) showed that the indices (TDS TH EC) have a very
strong positive correlation coefficient with ion (So4-2) and a strong
inverse correlation was recorded between turbidity and dissolved oxygen.
(32° 23′ 21.12" - 32° 06′ 50.12") (45°38′ 06.83" -
45° 14′ 2.4 " )
3
A
(B)
(C)
(A+B)
(C)
Google earth
( Al-Dabbas, 2016: 41)
4
Salman, 2018 :55)
TSD
PH
DO
(turbidity)
TH
EC
(Total Alkalinity)
Ca
+ 2
Mg
+ 2
So4
-2
No3
-
(Cl
─
)
T.H
Ca+2
Mg+2
Cl─
So4-2
T.D.S
DO
pH
NO3
-
EC
Turb
ALK
S1
1940
235
336
1226
1412
4080
4.95
7.8
8.7
6190
25.5
260
22.79
S2
1942
252
326
1228
1463
4190
4.6
7.8
10
6200
32.6
264
S3
7400
760
1342
1653
9389
21786
3.5
8
8.1
27600
6.3
180
S4
7240
784
1288
1744
9432
22204
3.4
8.2
8
27900
2.5
161
S5
7220
752
1302
2035
9110
21708
3.3
8.2
8.9
27890
4.3
164
S1
2240
376
317
1109
1729
4044
4.5
7.8
12
4988
17
288
30.76
S2
2509
423
354
1237
1472
5034
4.5
7.9
10.4
23400
22.3
269
S3
7007
880
1024
1511
6728
18530
3.2
8.2
9.4
23460
33.1
187
S4
6403
808
1215
1639
6707
18112
3.1
8.2
9.4
23332
6
164
S5
7111
816
1210
1988
6729
18714
3.1
8.2
9.3
7190
9.6
165
S1
2660
544
317
1562
1927
4977
4.5
8.2
4.2
7220
86.1
272
51.81
S2
2480
432
342
1310
1922
4618
4.8
8.3
4.4
18920
63.4
246
S3
5200
840
756
1634
5892
14176
3.3
8.4
5.8
18910
1.3
152
S4
5320
616
922
1712
5956
14212
3.2
8.4
5.6
18800
2.2
154
S5
5302
712
859
2030
5559
14385
3.5
8.5
6.2
12300
7
164
S1
2640
328
444
2759
2719
8450
5.2
8.2
4.9
12770
199
181
23.45
S2
2505
296
429
1780
2566
8538
5
8.2
4.8
10500
76
176
S3
2420
401
346
1771
2888
7134
4.1
8.7
3.7
10543
7.6
112
S4
2440
360
375
1869
2287
7312
3.9
8.7
3
10687
13.8
120
S5
2400
344
376
2136
3102
7496
4
8.7
3.4
10432
18.9
130
S1
4200
623
683
2982
3446
9936
5.3
8.1
5.9
13850
235
196
16.27
S2
3880
536
619
2720
3421
9666
5.1
8.3
5.6
13763
146
200
5
S3
4209
448
752
3026
3338
9700
4.1
8.3
5.7
13766
61.4
181
S4
4321
172
742
3115
3531
9646
4.3
8.2
5.7
13780
42.1
172
S5
4423
523
756
3026
3360
9580
4
8.3
5.9
13710
41
170
S1
5027
528
898
2982
4132
10406
5.1
8.4
6
14750
29.2
146
18.81
S2
5422
600
952
2750
4647
10392
5.2
8.5
6.1
14710
30.6
154
S3
7000
744
1254
3853
6599
13774
4.4
8.7
5.5
18180
9.5
100
S4
6408
721
1122
2480
6857
13664
4.2
8.8
5.5
18220
14.9
121
S5
8798
1040
1519
3123
8230
13452
4.3
7.7
5.7
24400
1.6
155
S1
6323
443
1272
3112
3038
10972
5.1
7.9
1.6
14560
20.6
184
15.59
S2
4940
408
956
3078
3703
10962
5.1
8.1
1.6
14538
54.4
177
S3
7221
1160
1054
3519
7908
22836
4.2
8.2
1.8
27386
4.9
151
S4
7327
1017
1161
3623
7007
22572
4.1
8.2
1.7
26500
4.9
152
S5
7345
976
1196
3724
8487
22836
4.1
8.2
1.8
26490
4.6
160
WHO.
(2003).
500
200
50
250
400
1000
>5
6.5–
9
50
1500
10
150
FAO1985
400
150
1065
960
2000
6-
8.5
3000
(UNESCO/WHO
1978)
500
200
150
50-
250
400
1500
>5
6.5-
8.5
15
1000
50
PH
E.C
NTU
(Nephelometric Turbidity Units
1NUT=2 mg
(Variable)
Minimum
Maximum
Mean
Std. deviation
TH
1940
8798
4892.086
2055.222
Ca+2
172
1160
597.086
251.974
Mg+2
317
1519
823.314
377.067
Cl─
1109
3853
2315.6
819.534
So4-2
1412
9432
4762.657
2536.473
T.D.S
4044
22836
12288.4
6062.88
DO
3.1
5.3
4.236
0.693
pH
7.7
8.8
8.243
0.277
NO3-
1.6
12
5.894
2.724
EC
4988
27900
16509.571
7011.513
Turb
1.3
235
38.149
54.136
ALK
100
288
177.943
46.818
SPSS
6
4
TH
So4
-2
Cl-
Mg+2
Ca+2
Na+
TSS
TDS
1500
1000
900
150
350
800
3000
3000
3200
2500
2000
350
700
1500
5000
5000
4000
3000
3000
500
800
2000
7000
7000
4700
4000
4000
600
900
2500
10000
10000
54000
6000
6000
700
1000
4000
15000
15000
Altovisiki ,1962: 614)
S1
S2
S3
S4
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
TH Ca Mg Cl SO4 T.D.S DO pH NO3 EC Turb ALK
PH
E.C
Minimum Maximum Mean
7
S5
CCME WQI
CCME WQI
The Canadian water Quality Guideline
F1 (scope)
(frequency) F2
F3(Amplitude)
(Excursion)
60%
23%
14.28%
2.72%
8
(Normalization of excursion)
(nse)
F3
237.1
CCME WQI
CCME WQI
CCME WQI
9
Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. (CCME) 2017. Canadian Water Quality
Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life: CCME Water Quality Index, User’s Manual
2017 Update. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg. Available at:
https://www.ccme.ca/files/Resources/water/water_quality/WQI%20Manual%20EN.pdf
CCME WQI
CCME WQI
.
CCME WQI
CCME WQI
22.13
18.19
19.06
15
17
19
21
23
CCME WQI
F1
81.81
80.33
85.71
F2
65.72
76.42
82.44
F3
84.45
85.27
73.9
CCME WQI
22.13
18.19
19.06
10
CCME WQI
CCME- WQI
16.84
17.31
19.5
17.09
17.32
18.68
17.98
18.36
18.07
21.18
22.32
26.27
19.72
17.78
20.83
18.12
19.31
15.66
17.13
17.41
15.91
CCME WQI
: (PCA)
r=
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
11
+1
0.900.99
0.700.89
0.500.69
0.300.49
0.010.29
0
-0.01-0.29
-0.30-0.49
0.50-0.69
-0.70-0.89
-0.90-0.99
-1
TDS
TH
EC
(So4
-2 )
T.H
Mg+2
r
≈
0.90 - 0.99
(r≈ -0.70 ─ -0.89
(So4-2 & NO3-)
(r ≈ - 0.005)
12
EC
T.D.
S
TH
Cl─
So4-2
Mg+
2
Ca+2
Turb
ALK
pH
NO3-
DO
EC
1
T.D.S
0.776
1
TH
0.732
0.885
1
Cl─
0.263
0.343
0.47
5
1
So4-2
0.785
0.942
0.92
1
0.294
1
Mg+2
0.684
0.836
0.97
8
0.481
0.881
1
Ca+2
0.725
0.840
0.85
4
0.337
0.850
0.750
1
Turb
-0.302
-
0.361
-
0.38
8
0.134
-
0.418
-
0.378
-
0.325
1
ALK
-0.313
-
0.491
-
0.49
7
-
0.521
-
0.525
-
0.506
-
0.379
0.265
1
pH
-0.048
0.057
-
0.02
2
0.170
0.082
-
0.043
0.028
-
0.095
-
0.702
1
NO3-
-0.089
-
0.096
-
0.08
6
-
0.626
-
0.005
-
0.072
-
0.103
-
0.091
0.466
-
0.371
1
DO
-0.394
-
0.592
-
0.45
2
0.284
-
0.605
-
0.397
-
0.489
0.586
0.310
-
0.198
-
0.290
1
Xlstat
T.H
Ca+2
Mg+2
Cl─
So4-2
T.D.S
DO
pH
NO3
EC
Turb
ALK
T.H
Ca+2
Mg+2
Cl─
So4-2
T.D.S
DO
pH
NO3
EC
Turb
ALK
0.636 - > 0.818
0.818 - > 1
0.091 - > 0.273
0.273 - > 0.455
0.455 - > 0.636
-0.455 - > -0.273
-0.273 - > -0.091
-0.091 -> 0.091
-1 -> -0.818
-0.818 -> -0.636
-0.636 - > -0.455
13
Determination Coecient
.
R2
R2
Variables
T.H
Ca+2
Mg+2
Cl─
So4-2
T.D.S
DO
pH
NO3
EC
Turb
ALK
T.H
1
Ca+2
0.73
1
Mg+2
0.957
0.562
1
Cl─
0.226
0.114
0.232
1
So4-2
0.847
0.723
0.777
0.087
1
T.D.S
0.783
0.705
0.698
0.118
0.888
1
DO
0.205
0.239
0.158
0.081
0.366
0.351
1
pH
0
0.001
0.002
0.029
0.007
0.003
0.039
1
NO3
0.007
0.011
0.005
0.392
0
0.009
0.084
0.138
1
EC
0.536
0.526
0.468
0.069
0.616
0.602
0.155
0.002
0.008
1
Turb
0.151
0.106
0.143
0.018
0.175
0.13
0.344
0.009
0.008
0.091
1
ALK
0.247
0.144
0.256
0.272
0.275
0.241
0.096
0.493
0.217
0.098
0.07
1
Xlstat
R2
14
Xlstat
F1
TH
Ca
+ 2
Mg
+ 2
Cl-
So4
-2
T.D.S
pH
EC
F2
TH
TDS
Ca
+ 2
Mg
+ 2
So4
-2
NO3-
EC
ALK .
F3
pH
T.H
Ca+2
Mg+2
Cl─
So4-2
T.D.S
DO
pH
NO3
EC
Turb
ALK
T.H
Ca+2
Mg+2
Cl─
So4-2
T.D.S
DO
pH
NO3
EC
Turb
ALK
0.333 - > 0.556
0.556 - > 0.778
0.778 - > 1
-0.333 - > -0.111
-0.111 - > 0.111
0.111 -> 0.333
-1 -> -0.778
-0.778 - > -0.556
-0.556 - > -0.333
15
EIGEN VALUES
Factor Loading
The
factor
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
Eigenvalue
6.248
2.897
1.608
0.711
0.496
0.32
0.226
0.161
0.145
0.09
0.06
0.023
Variability
(%)
48.06
22.28
12.3
5.471
3.817
2.46
1.742
1.238
1.113
0.74
0.47
0.178
Cumulative
%
48.06
70.34
82.72
88.18
92.00
94.4
96.21
97.45
98.56
99.3
99.7
99.961
Xlstat
Scree plot
Factor Loading
Xlstat
The factor
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
TH
0.954
0.060
-0.192
-0.007
0.153
Ca+2
0.869
0.146
-0.131
0.158
-0.163
Mg+2
0.917
0.025
-0.206
-0.062
0.256
Cl─
0.486
-0.770
-0.197
0.011
0.160
So4-2
0.953
0.190
-0.040
0.086
0.038
T.D.S
0.936
0.145
-0.068
0.123
-0.066
DO
-0.536
-0.645
-0.434
-0.031
0.044
pH
0.163
-0.336
0.861
0.230
0.015
NO3-
-0.210
0.816
-0.154
0.095
0.415
EC
0.797
0.131
-0.213
0.080
-0.370
Turb
-0.452
-0.377
-0.341
0.720
0.044
ALK
-0.643
0.410
-0.560
-0.061
-0.185
Xlstat
biplot
16
cos ф, 2017: 44)( KASSAMBARA
biplot
(F1=48.06% & F2= 22.29%)
XLSTAT program
biplot(F1=48.06% & F3= 12.37)
XLSTAT program
PCA biplot
17
TSD
Ec
TH
So4
-2
PCA biplot
F1=48.06% & F2= 22.29
%
XLSTAT program
PCA
(F1=48.06% & F3= 12.37%)
XLSTAT program