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From 3D Point Cloud Data to Ray-tracing Multi-band Simulations in Industrial Scenario
In this paper, a novel three dimensional (3D) hybrid ray tracing (HRT) method for wave propagation simulation for large indoor and small cell urban environment is proposed. HRT combines two image based ray tracing (RT) methods: "standard" ray tracing (i.e., the rigorous and conventional image ray tracing) with high accuracy and "intelligent" ray tracing (i.e., visibility tree based image ray tracing) with less time consuming. To establish the accuracy of HRT, its simulation results were compared with millimeter wave (mmWave) measurements in a large indoor scenario under different visibility conditions. It shows that good predictions can be provided by HRT in many aspects, such as path loss, temporal characteristics, evolution of channel, etc. Meanwhile, mismatche and difference between measurement and simulation will be shown and be analyzed as well.
The millimeter wave (mmWave) communications and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) are both widely considered to be the candidate technologies for the fifth generation mobile communication system (5G). It is thus a good idea to combine these two technologies to achieve a better performance for large capacity and high data-rate transmission. However, one of the fundamental challenges is the characterization of mmWave massive MIMO channel. Most of the previous investigations in mmWave channel only focus on single-input single-output (SISO) links or MIMO links, whereas the researches of massive MIMO channels mainly focus on a frequency band below 6 GHz. This paper investigates the channel behaviors of massive MIMO at a mmWave frequency band around 26 GHz. An indoor mmWave massive MIMO channel measurement campaign with 64 and 128 array elements is conducted, based on which, path loss, shadow fading, root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread, and coherence bandwidth are extracted. Then, by using our developed ray-tracing simulator calibrated by the measurement data, we make the extensive ray-tracing simulations with 1024 antenna elements in the same indoor scenario, and get insights into the variation tendency of mean delay and the RMS delay with different array elements. It is observed that the measurement and the ray-tracing based simulation results have reached a good agreement.
The vision of multi Gbit/s data rates in future 5G networks requires the change to millimeter wave (mm-Wave)
frequencies for increasing bandwidth. As a consequence, new technologies have to be deployed to tackle the drawbacks of higher frequency bands, e.g. increased path loss. Development and verification of those novel technologies requires channel sounding, to measure and analyse the radio wave propagation. Due to the variety of considered frequency bands and the necessity of spatial resolved measurements for e.g. testing of beamforming approaches, measurement duration and comparability becomes problematic. This paper presents multi-band channel sounder architectures, usable to measure up to four frequency bands simultaneously. Furthermore, we present a measurement campaign, featuring full polarimetric and directional resolved dual-band measurements, which comprises the microwave band at 10GHz and the mm-Wave band at 30GHz. Preliminary analysis results are presented.
Effects of building materials and structures on radiowave propagation above about 100 MHz
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