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AIP Conference Proceedings 2437, 020050 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0092315 2437, 020050
© 2022 Author(s).
Polymorphism of E-selection gene for
coronary artery disease in Ramadi/Anbar -
Iraq
Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2437, 020050 (2022); https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0092315
Published Online: 17 August 2022
Hadeel Abdelelah Abdel Razaaq and Hanadi A. Abdul-Razzaq
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1 University of Anbar / College of Education for Women / Department of Biology, Anbar, Iraq
2 University of Kirkuk / College of Science / Department of Biology, Kirkuk, Iraq
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Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability
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