Poster

Pharmacological influence on the neuronal proteome as a pathophysiological trigger for the development of mental illness, especially depression

August 2022

Conference: International Mass Spectrometry Conference 2022 (IMSC)
At: Maastrichts Expositie en Congres Centrum, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Authors:

Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln

Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte

Catharina Scholl

Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte

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Depression is a common disorder with a worldwide prevalence of 3.8 %, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Little is known about the risk factors for the development of depression. However, it seems clear that it is multifactorial and requires a complex interaction of social, psychological, and biological factors. A possible influence by the intake of exogenous sex hormones (e.g., ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel) has been controversially discussed for years. It is of high social relevance due to the popularity of hormonal contraceptives. Furthermore, this potential interaction would be a significant aspect of preventive doping education for professional athletes due to the misuse of sex hormones and sex hormone receptor ligands (e.g., selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs)) for performance enhancement.

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Can virtual reality technology be used for empathy education in medical students: a randomized case-...

November 2024 · BMC Medical Education

Background Empathy is an important factor in the doctor-patient relationship, but mental illness is more difficult to understand than other diseases. Besides traditional skills, virtual reality (VR) has been identified as a promising tool in empathy education. This study aimed to investigate the ability of empathy enhancement, the feasibility of depression education, and the changes in thoughts ... [Show full abstract] and attitudes in medical students through a single VR experience. Methods We recruited medical students and randomly assigned them to two groups based on their completed Interpersonal Response Index scores. Two sets of VR systems were provided; the intervention group experienced the daily life of the depressed medical student, while the control group experienced the general medical student scenario. The improvement of empathy was assessed using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professional Students (JSE-HPS), and the change of attitude was assessed through the Implicit Association Test. In addition, other questionnaires were used to evaluate the user experience of this VR system, and correlation analysis was conducted to examine the association between the use of VR and changes in the JSE and IAT scores. Results A total of 59 medical students were enrolled in this study. The intervention group showed a significant increase in the perspective-taking (pre: mean 5.817, SD 0.536; post: mean 5.947, SD 0.620; P = .03) and compassionate care (pre: mean 5.546, SD 0.581; post: mean 5.721, SD 0.629; P = .01) domains of the JSE score and a significant decrease in the standing in the patient’s shoes (SP) domain (pre: mean 3.583, SD 1.253; post: mean 2.967, SD 1.252; P = .002). The Pearson correlation analysis found a significant positive correlation between the JSE score with immersion aspect (r = .308, P = .049) and presence aspect (r = .415, P = .01), and we also found a significant negative correlation between the IAT score and presence aspect (r=-.333, P = .04). Conclusions This study is the first randomized case-control study to investigate the effect of two different versions of VR on empathy development toward depression for medical students. Although the single VR experience was unable to induce a great improvement in empathy or attitude, the VR system could help medical students enhance their understanding of depressive disorders. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered in the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) (21/03/2024, ACTRN12624000297527). https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=386683&isReview=true.

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Feasibility of a multifaceted nutrition-risk screening tool for mental health settings: the NutriMen...

October 2024 · The British journal of nutrition

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Suicidal ideation and mental illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada

October 2024 · Discover Psychology

Background The presence of a mental illness is a known risk factor for suicide mortality and other suicide-related behaviours, including suicidal ideation. We examined prevalence of mental illnesses among adults with and without suicidal ideation in Canada during the pandemic. Data and methods We used pooled data from the 2020, 2021, & 2023 Survey on COVID-19 and Mental Health to estimate the ... [Show full abstract] prevalence of moderate to severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder among adults who reported suicidal ideation, compared to those who did not report suicidal ideation. We also conducted the analyses across sociodemographic factors and COVID-19 pandemic-related experiences. Results Among adults in Canada who reported suicidal ideation, 83.0% also screened positive for at least one of the three mental illnesses. The prevalence of mental illnesses did not differ significantly across sociodemographic factors or pandemic-related experiences. In contrast, the prevalence of at least one mental illness among adults without suicidal ideation was much lower (21.2%), and this prevalence differed by sociodemographic factors and pandemic-related experiences. Interpretation During the COVID-19 pandemic, most adults in Canada with suicidal ideation had moderate to severe symptoms of mental illness.

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Economic Burden of Treatment-Resistant Depression: Insights from Real-World Data

October 2024 · Journal of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Management

Background: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a highly prevalent condition. It is generally referred to as the failure of at least two or more prior treatments with antidepressants or augmentation therapy with adequate dose and duration. TRD affects the individual's overall health and social life, in addition to the economic impact associated with the illness. Therefore, this review is ... [Show full abstract] focused on examining the financial burden of illness among patients with TRD across different countries and identifying the key drivers for the incremental costs and healthcare resource utilization (HRU). Methods: A literature search was carried out in the PubMed database using relevant MeSH terms. This review included relevant studies published between 2019 & 2024. Results: Overall, 22 studies were included in this review, with the majority based in the United States (n=15). The majority of the patients were females, ranging from 53.1% to 77%, and the mean age of patients with TRD ranged from 37.7±14.4 to 73.1±6.5 years. The mean annual all-cause healthcare cost per patient ranged from

3,190 to

40,040. The mean annual all-cause indirect costs per patient ranged from

4,199 to

6,342. Outpatient visits were the frequently utilized healthcare services, especially psychiatric visits and visits to general practitioners or family physicians. The incremental costs were primarily driven by worsening symptom severity, the presence of comorbidities, advancing age, and frequent visits to specialists. Conclusion: Regardless of the factors influencing the cost burden, TRD generally accounts for higher healthcare use and costs compared to individuals with major depressive disorder or without any mental illness. This underscores the need for fostering newer interventions and implementation of multidisciplinary approaches to lessen the cost burden of this condition, in addition to managing it effectively.