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VOL. THIRTY SIX - 03 ISSUE NO. 143 July-Sept. - 2020
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INDEX Page No.
1. Pharmacodynamics of Kriyakalpa – A Review 80
Neeta Patil
2. Concept of Amlapitta in Charak Samhita 86
Nilesh Gajanan Kulkarni
3. Study of Hemoglobin Percentage in Ekdoshaj Prakruti 91
Shital B. Pawar-Veer, (Mrs.) Manisha V. Bhalsing

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Pharmacodynamics of Kriyakalpa
– A Review
Neeta Patil

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Pharmacodynamics of Kriyakalpa
– A Review
Dr. Neeta R. Patil, M.S. (Shalakyatantra)
Drneeta1980@gmail.com Ph. : 9975335457
Associate Professor, Shalakyatantra
LRP Ayurvedic Medical College, Hospital & P. G. Institute, Islampur (MH)
MUHS –Nashik (MH)
Abstract : "Eyes are the windows of soul." Over eighty percent of our learning is mediated
through our eyes, indicating the important role of our vision plays in our daily activities. We
must protect and take care of these delicate organs. Our great acharyas like Sushruta,
Vagbhat has described many things for protection of netra (eyes) and also treatment for eye
diseases. Kriyakalpa is main therapeutic process for netra roga .Acharya Charak has
mentioned Bidalak, Ashcyotan, Anjan; Acharya Sushruta has mentioned Seka ,
Aschotan,Anjana,Tarpana and Putpak as Kriyakalpas . and Acharya Sharangdhar has added
Pindi And Bidalak in Susruta’s kriyakalpas. Importance and probable mode of action of
kriyakalpa by ayurvedic and modern era will be discussed in present review article.
Key words - ocular therapeutics, kriyakalpa, ocular pharmacology
Introduction : Our body function is maintained by normal functioning of tri- doshas. Any
kind of vitiation of doshas result into formation of disease ,so the treatment is to bring the
doshas in normal function. In eye disease treatment is done by oral administration and with
kriyakalpas. The word kriya means therapeutic action and kalpana means specific formulations
. kriyakalpa is a bahiparrimarjana chikitsa and has several advantage over oral administarion
in netra rogas. The drug given orally will undergo digestion under the influence of pachak
pitta. The drugs administered through kriyakalpa are not digested by it and possibly rectify
accumulated doshas . The oral drug find it difficult to cross blood – aqueous, blood vitreous
and blood retinal barriers to reach the target tissues of the eye. The topical drugs can reach
there and achieve higher bio- availability. The tissue contact time of the drugs can be controlled
in kriyakalpa and they are selected depending upon the stage and severity of the disease.
Factors affecting proper treatment: - The success of any treatment, depends upon the
1. Selection of drugs
2. Method of preparation
3. Mode of administration
4. Absorption of medicine
In netra rogas, same ideas should be followed as -
1. Selection of drugs – Generally the drugs are selected on the basis of their action on
the doshas . In eye diseases, drug should be Chakshushya and it should work by its guna

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on targeted part of the eye. The seat of vata concerned with vision is, in the head region. So
vata shaman treatment (eg-tail) should be used in the head. Also the alochak pitta is functioning
inside the eye, so in vata predominant disease, vata pitta shaman treatment is useful.
2. Method of preparation - Kashaya, Swaras,Churna, Raskriya, Varti , Ghrita kalpana are
some of Oushadhi Kalpana which are used in eye disease. The Oushadh Kalpana can increase
or decrease the quality of medicine. It also influence the action of drug. If these kalpanas are
selected according to targeted treatment, it keeps up the medicinal value of the drugs.
3. Mode of administration – It is according to anatomy And physiology of eye. There are
total 7 Kriyakalpas i.e . Tarpana, Putpaka,Ashotan, Seka, Anjana, Pindi and bidalak .
Among all these, first fives are used inside the eye and remaining for external application.
Tarpana – Indication - It give nourishment to the eyes and cures the vata –pitta vikara .
Ocular oleation is the therapeutic procedure of retaining pure or medicated ghee or liquid
indicated, in the eye by making a compact circular boundary around orbital fossa using
dough or diver’s goggles for specific period of time
Putpaka – Its indication is same as tarpana.
Oleation of the eyeball with the liquid extracted by the method of putpaka a special
pharmaceutical procedure wherein the wet drugs herbal, mansarasa are heated in a closed
chamber (ball) wrapped by green leaves and layer of mud, and after cooling of the chamber
drugs are pressed to have the liquid extract . Rest of oleation procedure is like that of tapana
kriya kalpa.
Aschyotan - It is indicated as first procedure in all eye diseases. And also used in pittaj
conditions. Application of liquid ocular drugs in the form of drops in the conjunctival sac.
from the height of two inches. For Aschyotana, Swaras, Kashaya, Arka, Sneha are used.
Seka – Indicated in acute and exaggerated condition of eyeball. It is the procedure of medicating
the eye with a fine stream of liquid while eye is closed, continuously from four inches height
for a specified time indicated in particular pathological condition and therapeutic type of
irrigating fluid.
Anjana – Indicated particularly when the acute symptoms of the ocular problems has
subsided . A topical application of drug in the form of smooth or fine powder into the
conjunctival fornices from kaninika to apanga sandhi with shalaka or finger tip .
Pindi - Indicated in kapha pitta predominant conditions with oedema , congestion ,pain
as in abhisyanda , adhimantha. This is the procedure where bolus of medicine in the form
of pottali is applied on eyeball, giving complete relief to the eye.
Bidalak – Indicated in acute inflammatory condition of the lids .Here medicine in the
form of paste is applied over the eyelids avoiding the eyelashes, about ½ inch thick. The
paste is left over the site until it starts drying

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Kriyakalpa theatre – It should have proper ventilation, but devoid of excessively blowing
wind, sun rays or dust. There should be curtains of dark colours like blue or yellow. It should
be equipped with materials and medicaments for treatment and to manage complications
Preferred Time –
For Tarpana and Putpaka- - Morning and evening are generally suitable for tarpana and
putpaka The ideal time is 90 minutes after sunrise or 90 minutes before sunset.
For Aschyotan and Parisheka – based on vitiated dosha, - kaphaj roga – Morning, Pittaj
Roga – Noon, Vataj Roga – Evening .Or anytime, when the pain gets aggravated
For Anjana – Morning and Evening are the preferred time.
Purva Karma – Kriyakalpa should be done after systemic cleansing of the body and head.
Duration – Each kriyakalpa is done for a specific time. This time is measured in terms of
Matra kala – one hundred matrakala is nearly 32 seconds.
4. Absorption of medicine - there are two types of absorption of ophthalmic medication
I)Vascular absorption – absorption through the blood vessels
II) Corneal penetration – absorption through the krishnamandalam
Vascular absorption- The medicine is absorbed through the blood vessels and directly
reaches the circulatory system . It is influenced by three factors
a) Permeability of vessel walls
b) Consistency of the fluid inside the vessels
c) Nature and consistency of the medicine applied
a) Permeability of vessels- naturally the vessel walls are permeable so that fluid exchange
is possible through it. When the permeability is increased the fluid exchange becomes easier.
In certain diseases especially of pitta predominance, the permeability is increased eg
abhishyanda
b) Consistency of the fluid inside the vessels – If fluid inside the vessel is more dense and
viscous than the fluid outside, fluid exchange takes place easily, in pitta predominant diseases,
if there is involvement of kapha also, the snigdha, guru, pichila properties are increased ,
this develops congestion and fullness of the vessels and makes the blood more dense and
viscous, so vascular absorption is easy .
Only water soluble factors are absorbed into the vessel, so Oushadhi Kalpana like kashaya
and swaras which are water soluble are used . The medicine directly enters the vessels and
thereby reaches the circulatory system.
II) Corneal penetration
Fat soluble factors can penetrate through the layers of krishnmandala (cornea) and reaches
the posterior chamber of the eye. Ghrit kalpana makes the medicine fat soluble so it is the

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best choice in the form of tarpana for vata predominant post segment diseases. Also honey
has vyavayi, laghu, ashukari and chedan guna so used in kapha predominant disease as
growths .
MODE OF ACTION OF KRIYA KALPA BASED ON OCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
Tarpana- Here ghee or oil is used as medicine which is more viscous. So the contact time
is more and more drugs are absorbed. It will cross corneal epithelium barrier easily due to its
lipophilic property . As we know the topical application of drops as used in modern practice
has its own limitations due to rapid clearing of the drug from pre-corneal area .This unique
method of tarpana allowing prolonged , self - pressurized medicinal contact with eye
membranes thereby assures deep penetration of drugs into eye . As far as the area of its
action is considered it is useful in diseases of anterior segment of eye directly and indirectly
for posterior segment
Putpaka- Here Contact time is same as tarpana but absorption is more than tarpana
because it is a suspension of fat and water soluble contents so having both lipophilic and
hydrophilic property to penetrate cornea. This procedure is done after tarpana and used to
reduce the side effects of tarpana,. It can be employed separately in conditions of chronic
inflammations or irritating conditions of eye and ulcers in eye.
This involves use of animal fats or parts like liver , heart, intestines, which are rich in proteins,
minerals like Ca, P, Zn, K, Vit.C. Etc. These help for tissue regeneration. , eg . tikta dravyas
in prasadana, enhance their respective function . Cooking and closed chamber cooking
retaining all the essential elements, using fat and water soluble extracts from the herbs and
other ingredients , keep them in contact with the epithelium of cornea and Conjunctiva.
Thereby transferring essential elements to them. This method should be perceived as
soothing and healing method.
Aschyotana- - Due to kashaya or swaras used in liquid form ,its tissue contact time is very
less and it get diluted with tears and drains in to nasolacrimal duct. The pharmacodynamics
is same as putapaka . So lipid soluble and water soluble extracts are used which penetrate
cornea and conjunctiva.
Seka- The medicine is absorbed through skin of lids. The pharmacodynamic is same as
ashchyotana . Only difference is, this is more powerful due to more tissue contact time and
can be used in severe condition
Anjana- As fine powder is used its bioavailability is more due to more tissue contact time.
Pindi- Due to heat of poultice local temperature is increased resulting in local vasodilatation.
Bidalaka- Medicine is absorbed through skin as in pindi and seka. Mechanical effect of
pressure helps in reducing IOP by vasodilatation and aqueous drainage.

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DISCUSSION :
Thus by using various forms of kriyakalpas, the medicines are absorbed through akshikosh
– (the eyelid and orbit), sandhi – (the junctional areas), sira – (the blood vessels), shringatak
marma –(a vital point), ghrana – (the nasal region), asya – (the oral cavity), strotas- ( through
the minute channels ) and reach the upper region. This absorption of medicine will expel
vitiated doshas.
The procedures like Nasya , Anjan, Tarpana and all other kriya kalpas are aimed at improving
visual efficiency – netrabala. Because , loss of eye sight will immerse a person into the world
of darkness.
REFERENCES :
1. Sushruta Samhita - Edited By Vaidya Jadhavji Trikamji Acharya, Narayan Ram Acharya
Kavyatirtha – Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthana , Varansi – Edition Reprint 2010 ,
Uttartantra 18 -4,5,6 – 633
2 Astanga Hridaya – Edited By PT Hari Sadashiv Shastri Paradkar, Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Sansthana-varanasi, – Edition Reprint 2010, Sutrasthana 24/ 22—310
1. Sharangdhara Samhita – Edited By PT Parshuram Shastri Vidyasagar , Chaukhamba
Surbharati Prakashan , Varanasi -Reprint 2013 , Uttarkhanda 13 – 1-74 -381-388
2. Chakradatta – Edited By – Dr Indradeva Tripathi , Prof . Ramnath Dwivedi , Chaukhamba
Sanskrit Bhawan – Varansi - Reprint 2010 - 76/14 – 462
3. Text Book Of Shalakyatantra – Vol I – Dr Udayshankar – Chaukhamba Vishvabharati -
Varanasi - Edition 2012 – 133-137
4. A Text Book Of Ophthalmology In Ayurveda – Dr P.K Shantakumari – Dr P.K
Shantakumari-.Thiruvananthapuram - Edition 2002 – 353- 369
5. Textbook Of Ocular Therapeutics –Dr Ashok Garg , Dr Susesh Pandey – Jaypee – Delhi
- Second Edition – 35-41

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Concept of Amlapitta in
Charak Samhita
Nilesh Gajanan Kulkarni

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Concept of Amlapitta in Charak Samhita
Dr. Nilesh Gajanan Kulkarni, MD (Ayurveda-Samhita), MA (Sanskrit)
Asso. Professor, Dept. of Basic Principles,
MAM’s Sumatibhai Shah Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Hadapsar, Pune MH PIN 411028
Email : dr.nileshkulkarni@outlook.com
Contact : 08805335512
Abstract :
Amlapitta is an ailment commonly experienced by majority of the population. Though it has
not been clearly mentioned in Charak Samhita it has been addressed with the help of Hetu,
Lakshana and Aushadha Skandha. After going through the text, a researcher could know the
concept of this disease as understood and advocated by Acharya Charaka in his treatise.
The study reveals two formulations which should be used by Ayurveda Practitioners after
knowing the disease Amlapitta with its specific state.
Keywords :
Amlapitta, Aushadha Skandha, Hetu Skandha, Lakshana Skandha
Total Number of References : 11
Introduction :
Amlapitta is a very common word amongst common people and medical practitioners too.
Ancient Indian Medicine i.e. Ayurveda has dealt with this ailment with very convincing way in
terms of diagnosis and treatment. In Madhava Nidan, Kashyapa Samhita and the texts in
Laghutrayee has explained this disease. In Madhava Nidan and Kashyapa Samhita, a complete
chapter has been dedicated for this disease. The disease Amlapitta has not been explained
in Bruhat Trayee as it is. Despite of the fact that usual occurrence of the disease Amlapitta in
the majority of the population, it is always questioned that why Acharya Charaka may not
have explained this disease. Does this question carry sense in itself? This research article
has tried to resolve this question.
Study Rationale:
Ayurveda has evolved from Charak Samhita to Ashtanga Hridayam. After Acharya Vagbhata,
we could not see any treatise as a sacred descent. In other words we can say that the there
is hardly any treatise which is derived from Rishi (Ârsha). New entities like Phiranga etc. had
been explained in later treatises with due course of time. We could also see the chapter for
the disease like Amlapitta in Madhava Nidana and Kashyapa Samhita. Had it been the fact
that Acharya Punarvasu was unaware of this disease? This answer could only be answered

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by thorough review of Charak Samhita. It has been tried in this research article to answer this
question. It has been also tried to mention the Triskandha of Amlapitta as explained in
Charaka Samhia only.
Aim : To review and understand the concept of Amlapitta in Charak Samhita.
Objectives:
1. To compile the references for the word Amlapitta in Charaka Samhita.
2. To extract out the Triskandha of Amlapitta in Charaka Samhita.
Material : Charaka Samhita with the Ayurveda Deepika Commentary by Chakrapani Datta.
Method : Four step methodologies have been adopted for this study. The steps are as
follows :
Step 01 : Thorough review for the word of Amlapitta in Charaka Samhita
Step 02 : Categorization of the references found in the review on the basis of Triskandha
Ayurveda as Hetu Skandha, Lakshana Skandha, and Aushadha Skandha.
Step 03 : Understanding the approach of Charaka Samhita towards Amlapitta (Discussion)
Step 04 : Conclusion
Step 01 – After going through Charaka Samhita, total nine references quoting the word
‘Amlapitta’ has been found out. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9)
Step 02 – References dealing to Triskandha :
Hetu Skandha of Amlapitta -
1. Kulattha is the prime causative factor in manifestation of Amlapitta. (1)
2. Excessive consumption of Lavana Rasa leads to Amlapitta. (6)
3. Viruddha Anna is a causative factor of Amlapitta. (7)
Lakshana Skandha of Amlapitta –
1. While explaining the Nidana of Grahanee, Acharya Punarvasu elaborated common symptoms
of Ajeerna dominated by Pitta Dosha. (4)
Chikitsa Skandha of Amlapitta:
1. Mahatiktaka Ghrita has been advocated in treatment of Amlapitta which is not curable by
any medicine. (2)
2. Kamsa Hareetakee is the choice of medicine in Amlapitta. (3)
3. Rajamasha is the legume could be used to relieve Amlapitta. (8)
4. Cow-Milk is the dietary stuff used in Amlapitta and as a medicine too. (9)
Step 03 – Discussion :
Though the disease Amlapitta has not been explained categorically by Acharya Charaka, it

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could be said on the basis of the references found in the Samhita that he was well aware of
this disease. He has mentioned it as a symptom wherever it occurs in the diseases other
than Amlapitta. It has been mentioned as one of the symptoms of Pitta dominant Ajeerna in
context of Grahanee Nidana in Chikitsa Sthana.
However, Commentator Chakrapani Datta in his commentary has defined Amlapitta (5).
According to Chakrapani Datta, Pitta Dosha when dominated by Amla Guna (acidic environment
in the gut) is said to be Amlapitta. The same definition has been done by commentator of
Madhava Nidana. (11)
The signs and symptoms of Amlapitta are as follows:
1. Avipaka (indigestion of food)
2. Klama (fatigue without any bodily exercise)
3. Utkleda (state of Doshas ready to get expelled out of mouth)
4. Tikta Udgara (bitter sense in belching)
5. Amla Udgara (sour sense in belching)
6. Gaurav (bodily heaviness)
7. Hrid Daha (heart burn)
8. Kantha Daha (burning sensation in the oropharynx)
9. Aruchi (impaired sense of taste)
As the times have passed the surveillance of the disease Amlapitta might have increased
and thereby the later texts had adopted the entity Amlapitta as a classical disease. Afterwards,
the texts like Yoga Ratnakar, Bhashajya Ratnavali, etc. have mentioned this disease with the
specific treatment modalities.
Two important formulations could be seen in Charaka Samhita; 1. Mahatiktaka Ghrita 2.
Kamsa Hareetakee. Out of which Kamsa Hareetakee is seldom seen to be used in treating
Amlapitta whereas Mahatiktaka Ghrita is widely used in Shodhana Chikitsa.
Conclusion:
1. In Charak Samhita, the disease Amlapitta has not been elaborated as a specific disease.
2. The term Amlapitta has been used in Charak Samhita with the sense of symptom and
the disease too.
3. Hetu Skandha, i. e. Causative factors like Kulattha, Viruddha Anna and Lavana Rasa
are specifically mentioned to manifest Amlapitta.
4. Lakshana Skandha i. e. though the signs and symptoms to the disease Amlapitta has
not categorically mentioned by Charaka Samhita; the commentator Chakrapani Datta
has mentioned the set of symptoms of the disease Amlapitta.
5. Amlapitta is nothing but the Pitta Dosha dominant Ajeerna in view of Charaka Samhita.

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6. Godugdha (Cow Milk) and Rajamasha are the wholesome dietary stuffs to be used in
Amlapitta.
7. Though Mahatiktaka Ghrit is widely used as Snehana Dravya in Shodhana, this may
act as Shamana Dravya in Amlapitta.
8. Kamsa Hareetakee is a formulation should not be forgotten in treating Amlapitta and
should be brought into routine practice.
9. In all, Hetu, Lakshana and Aushadha Skandha have been clearly mentioned in Charaka
Samhita though the disease has not been categorically explained.
Scope of the Study :
Kamsa Hareetakee and Mahatiktaka Ghrita; with these two formulations controlled
interventional studied can be designed to assess their efficacy in Amlapitta. Also, Hetu
Siddhanta, could be validated by survey studies for the causative factors like Lavana Rasa,
Viruddha Anna and Kulattha.
References :
1) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Sutrasthana, Pg. 132 – 25/40
2) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Chikitsasthana, Pg. 132 – 07/148
3) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Chikitsasthana, Pg. 487 – 12/52
4) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Chikitsasthana, Pg. 517 – 15/47
5) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Sutrasthana, Pg. 144 – 26/43(3)
6) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Sutrasthana, Pg. 151 – 26/103
7) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Sutrasthana, Pg. 155 – 27/25
8) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Sutrasthana, Pg. 22 – 01/110
9) Charak Samhita with Ayurveda Deepika Teeka by Chakrapanidatta, Yadavaji Trikamaji
Acharya, Chaukhambha Prakashan, Varanasi, Chikitsasthana, Pg. 517 – 15/47
10) Kashyapa Samhita with Vidyotinee Vyakhyaa by Ayurvedalankar Shree Satyapal
Bhishagaachaarya, Chaukhamba Sanskrit Series, Banarasa, Chikitsasthana, Pg. 335
– 16
11) Madhava Nidan, http://niimh.nic.in/ebooks/madhavanidana/?mod=read

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Study of Hemoglobin Percentage in
Ekdoshaj Prakruti
Mrs. Manisha V. Bhalsing
Shital B. Pawar-Veer

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Study of Hemoglobin Percentage in
Ekdoshaj Prakruti
Dr. Shital B. Pawar-Veer, Assist. Prof. Dept. of Kriya Sharir, Yashwantrao Chavan
Ayurved Medical College, At Nipani-Bhalgaon, Beed Road, Aurangabad.
Email- shitalpawar285@gmail.com Mob. No.9422115223
Dr. (Mrs.) Manisha V. Bhalsing, Associate professor, Dept. of Kriya sharir, Bharati
vidyapeeth college of Ayurved, Pune
E-mail- drmanisha.vb@ gmail.com Mob. No. 9970898001
ABSTRACT :
The objective of present study was study of Hemoglobin Percentage In Ekdoshaj prakruti.
Methods of study were literary study from which various references regarding Prakruti,
Pandu,Anemia were studied from various samhitas modern texts, journals. For clinical study
450 volunteers were taken from Yashvantrao Chavan Ayurved College, Aurangabad. According
to all types of Prakruti relation of Hemoglobin Percentage studied & it shows, that Pitta
Prakruti individuals are having maximum Hb %.
Key Words - Prakruti, Pandu, Anemia, Hb%
INTRODUCTION :
Ayurveda is a science which helps to examine the disease person not only disease and it
helps to give proper treatment for better results. Ayurveda is an ancient science which deals
with every aspect of human life. There are many scientific concepts in ayurveda which needs
a detail scrutiny to assess their utility in the field of science. Basic principle of Ayurveda
mainly concern with sharir kriya gives knowledge about dosha, dhatu & mala. The aim of
ayurveda is to maintain the health of healthy person and cure the disease. Prakruti deals
with some physical, mental, sensory, motor and spiritual character of individual. Pandu is
Rasavaha strotodushti janya vyadhi and commonly found in India. Malnutrition, poverty, stress
and changed lifestyle are most common trigger factors of Pandu. Skin of person with Pandu
gets whitish and pallor (pandu varni) and hence the name is given to it. As per modern
consideration Pandu can be correlated with Anemia in which Pallor is the cardinal symptom
and decreased level of Hemoglobin is the basic diagnostic criteria.
CONCEPT OF SHARIR PRAKRUTI :
According to ayurveda prakruti means physical constitution of a person. Prakruti helps in
deciding the therapeutic regimen. Prakruti i.e. science of nature means innate, character,
physical constitution or disposition of a person plays an important role in comprehending the
physical and mental characteristics.
The term prakruti in Sanskrit words means “Nature”, “Creativity” or the first creation. The
combination of vata, pitta, and kapha that was present in individual at the time of conception

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is maintained throughout his life. Thus according to ayurveda everyone is unique and each
one of them has a distinct body constitution which is totally different from each other.According
to dosha seven kinds of prakruti get formed,
Ekdoshaja= 3 , Dwandvaj = 3, Sannipatik= 1
For studying predominance of dosha in the individual, study of prakruti is very important and
useful.
CONCEPT OF ANEMIA : The present changing climatic conditions & lifestyle hamper the
individual’s physical & mental health. Hence, the normal levels of Dosha are affected.
Deteriorating physical health conditions causes indigestion which further results in formation
of Apakva Ahar rasa i.e. Aam Nirmiti. Ayurveda emphasizes that ‘Raktam jivamiti smrutam’
which means the blood is life. Further it is also mentioned that there is important role of iron
in Utpatti and Karya of Rakta dhatu in ours body. The big evidence suggesting the same is
the synonym ‘Lohitam’ which is termed for Rakta dhatu in Ayurveda literature. It further leads
to diseases like Pandu in future. Ashrayaa ashrayi relation of Pitta and Rakta is mentioned
by Acharya Charaka. In Pandu, Rasa and Rakta get vitiated by Doshas, mainly by Pitta
dosha. Almost all classical texts have described Pandu as a distinct disease with its own
pathogenesis and treatment.
Anemia is defined as a low number of red blood cells. In a routine blood test, anemia is
reported as a low hemoglobin or hematocrit. Hemoglobin (Hb) is the protein contained in red
blood cells that is responsible for delivery of oxygen to the tissues. To ensure adequate
tissue oxygenation, a sufficient hemoglobin level must be maintained. The amount of
hemoglobin in whole blood is expressed in grams per deciliter (g/dl). The normal Hb level for
males is 14 to 18 gm%; that for females is 12 to 16 gm%. When the hemoglobin level is low,
the patient has anemia. Symptoms of anemia — like fatigue or shortness of breath — happen
because your organs aren’t getting what they need to work the way they should.
AIM & OBJECTIVES :
AIM: Study Of Hemoglobin Percentage In Ekdoshaj Prakruti.
‘ OBJECTIVES:
‘ Study of concept of Prakruti & Pandu, Anemia from Ayuvedic Samhitas & Modern Texts in
details.
‘ Study of sharir prakruti by special prakruti parikshan proforma.
‘ Study of Hb% by Sahils Hemoglobinometer.
‘ Study of Hb% with respect to types of sharir prakruti.
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY :
A] Type of Study:
(1) Literary Study:- Data of sharir prakruti and Pandu, Anemia were taken from different
Ayurvedic Samhitas, Modern texts, Journals, Internet, scientific networks & research papers
etc.

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(2) Clinical Study:- Total 450 volunteers were selected from Yashvantrao Chavan Ayurved
College, Aurangabad.
Consent was taken from all selected volunteers.
Group of 450 volunteers were taken.
• Prakruti Parikshan proforma.
• Hb% by Sahils Hemoglobinometer.
B] INCLUSION CRITERIA
• No of Volunteers -450
• Age group: 18-45 years.
C] EXCLUSION CRITERIA :
• Suffering from major illness.
• No selection will be done on the basis of caste and religion.
D] METHODOLOGY :
• 450 Volunteers between the age group of 18-45 were selected for the study.
• Sharir prakruti parikshan was done with the help of Prakruti Parikshan Proforma.
• We decided to go with Ekdoshaja Prakruti assignment along with restrictions that only
those volunteers will be selected for study who would be having:
1. Most dominant Dosha score at least 50% or more of its maximum possible score.
2. There is at least 7% of difference in between the most dominant
After assessment of Prakruti, individuals were divided into three categories on the basis of
most dominant Dosha, i.e. Vata Doshaja Prakuiti, Pitta Doshaja Prakruti and Kapha Doshaja
Prakruti.
• Hb% of each volunteers was carried out with the help of Sahils Hemoglobinometer.
• To avoid bias same time, place, equipment and pattern was maintained.
• Statistical analysis was done with the help of collected data.
OBSERVATION :
Out of 450 volunteers 17 Volunteers left away.
Distribution of 433volunteers according to prakruti.
Assessment of Prakriti of these 433 (218 males and 215 females).

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DISTRIBUTION OF 433VOLUNTEERS ACCORDING TO PRAKRUTI :
Table : 1
PRAKRUTI NO OF VOLUNTEERS % OF VOLUNTEERS
VATAPRADHAN 83 19.17%
PITTAPRADHAN 138 31.87%
KAPHAPRADHAN 212 48.96%
TOTAL 433 100%
STATSTICAL ANALYSIS :
The data entry was carried out using the Software Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(SPSS version 16.0). The means were calculated for all the recorded parameters with respect
to each Prakriti group. For the purpose of intergroup comparison, One-way ANOVA was
used.
Table 2 : Relationship of Hb% and different Prakruti types
Parameters Descriptive Vata n=83 Pitta n=138 Kapha n=212 ANOVA Post Hoc Test
Statistics
Hb (in gm %) Mean 12.539 13.323 13.116 Highly V vs P=.001
Standard 1.793 1.572 1.432 Significant V vs K=.013
Deviation p=.001 K vs P=.675
Minimum, 7.40 9.20 9.20 f=6.780
Maximum 15.60 16.10 16.10
12.148 13.058 12.923
95% of CFI 12.931 13.587 13.310
for Mean
Median 12.600 13.600 13.250
DISCUSSION :
•Prakruti deals with some physical, mental, sensory, motor and spiritual character of
individual.
• Pandu is Rasavaha strotodushti janya vyadhi and commonly found in India. Malnutrition,
poverty, stress and changed lifestyle are most common trigger factors of Pandu. Skin of
person with Pandu gets whitish & pallor (pandu varni) and hence the name is given to it.
• As per modern consideration Pandu can be correlated with Anemia in which Pallor is the
cardinal symptom and decreased level of Hemoglobin is the basic diagnostic criteria.
• The normal Hb level for males is 14 to 18 gm%, that for females is 12 to 16 gm%. When
the hemoglobin level is low, the patient has anemia.

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• In [Table 2], mean Hb % of Vata, Pitta and Kapha Prakruti individuals is found to be
12.539 ± 1.793, 13.323 ± 1.572 and13.116 ± 1.432 gm percent respectively.
• ANOVA test reveals that Hb of individuals varies significantly according to different Prakriti.
found that Pitta, Kapha and Vata Prakruti individuals are having maximum, moderate and
minimum Hb %.
• In this study also found that Pitta Prakruti individuals are having maximum Hb %.
CONCLUSION :
• The mean Hb % of Vata, Pitta and Kapha Prakruti individuals is found to be 12.539 ±
1.793, 13.323 ± 1.572 and13.116 ± 1.432 gm percent respectively.
• In this study also found that Pitta Prakruti individuals are having maximum Hb %.
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