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Design of Voice Controlled Multifunctional Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Machine
... The program instructions are passed to the CNC machine in the form of a sequential program that controls the machine behavior, mainly through G-codes. G-codes contain detailed information about the exact positions, feed rates, cutting depth and other parameters that affect the actual machining process (Suh et al. 2008;Ali and Mohsin 2021;Gayathri et al. 2022;Abd Rahman et al. 2023). There are many user interfaces and control programs for CNC machines, but most of them work with vector data (Khan, Shukla, and Singh 2018). ...
... These machines were designed for accurate, repetitive and effective machining of materials. Their main disadvantage is the strict separation of the work area from human operators (Suh et al. 2008;Ali and Mohsin 2021;Gayathri et al. 2022;Abd Rahman et al. 2023;Khan, Shukla, and Singh 2018;Kheirabadi et al. 2023). ...
The article presents an algorithm for constructing a tool path for a collaborative robot. This topic is significant due to the increasing popularity and prevalence of collaborative robots, alongside the lack of software for rapid path generation based on CAD models. Since the dynamics and control of a collaborative robot significantly differ from those of industrial robots and CNC machines, it is necessary to apply an approach that considers the limitations of the cobot. Beyond the tool path construction algorithm itself, the article presents the results of experiments carried out on an actual robot using a programmed CAM processor.
... The study highlights the importance of structural optimisation in CNC machine design, demonstrating notable performance gains through advanced engineering. 58 tool setters, which automate operations and adapt CNC machines to boost production performance and product quality while minimising manual processes [4,5]. ...
This paper presents the design and optimisation of a cost-effective benchtop three-axis CNC milling machine aimed at improving performance and precision. Beginning with a conservative design, topology optimisation using Altair SolidThinking Inspire software was employed. Static and modal analyses revealed significant improvements in the optimised structure's integrity and dynamic performance, confirmed through Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and impact hammer tests. The machine features affordable components and standard PC interfaces, ensuring high performance while maintaining low costs. Accuracy tests, including circularity and straightness assessments, identified optimal spindle speeds and feed rates for precision machining. The optimised design showed reduced static displacement and enhanced vibration resistance, ensuring reliable operations. This CNC milling machine, suitable for educational and small-scale manufacturing environments, offers a compact, affordable and user-friendly tool for teaching CNC operations and programming. The study highlights the importance of structural optimisation in CNC machine design, demonstrating notable performance gains through advanced engineering.
... Studies have been made in the recent past regarding the use of VUIs for controlling industrial cells and robots. Studies like [15] document the design of voice-controlled CNC machines which use external voice recognition engines for implementing the VUIs. The voice recognition engine used here can work on a limited command set of 80 commands, which on one hand guarantees the safety of the operation by staying to a limited set of confirmed voice commands, but on the other hand, limit the full potential of the VUI. ...
In small and medium enterprise industry the usage of automation machine is not entirely applied in this sector. This is because of the initial cost to setup automation machine is higher than employed a worker to do the task. The main problem by using human workforce is worker need to do the repetitive task every single day. Human incline to start boring also the productivity of the worker is decreasing. By producing this portable Mini CNC Machine, the problem can be solved. This machine is going through the design development process from data comparison to product fabrication. The detailed design development process ensures that the final result of the machine is achieving the objective to reduce and eliminate repetitive task perform by human resources. The machine control by the new concept of the controller with an open-source controller that makes the machine more flexible and easier to handle. The machine is tested the machining tolerance to ensure the machine provides high accuracy result. Although, the machine still limited to perform the heavy-duty process, this machine can help small and medium enterprise industry increasing productivity by eliminating and reducing human error.
Geometric errors are important factors that affect the accuracy of multi-axis CNC machine tools. In this paper, three aspects of research work are carried out. First, two kinds of error modeling methods are proposed, i.e., tool tip coordinates error modeling (TTC) and kinematic chain transmission error modeling (KCT). This work resolves the theoretical confusion existing in the error modeling process in the past. Second, left matrix multiplication and right matrix multiplication have different meanings for geometric error modeling; this paper makes a detailed analysis and summarizes four identification algorithms for geometric errors based on the above theory. Third, a new R-test device is developed. For the traditional commercial R-test, it is usually difficult to adjust the position and orientation, so it is hard to directly obtain the vectors of the sensor axes and to ensure that the intersection of the sensor axes and the center of precision ball coincide accurately. However, this new R-test with the addition of positioning datums and a sliding table overcomes these problems. The calibration of the R-test is described in detail. Finally, a four-point measurement experiment for identifying the geometric errors of a rotary axis has been conducted, and the effectiveness of the measurement method is verified by a prediction experiment and a comparative experiment of double ball bar (DBB).
There are approximately 1.3 billion people in the world have visual impairment issue. They usually have to read printed material using Braille. However, there are limitations for these people when the material is not printed in Braille. Although there is much electronic equipment that can help them to read, the prices are too expensive to afford. Thus, this paper proposes an affordable mobile application which is designed for the visually impaired person. The mobile application is able to capture the image of printed material with a mobile camera. The captured image is then converted to text by using image-to-text conversion in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) framework. Finally, the text will be read out into speech format using text-to-speech conversion in Text to Speech (TTS) framework. As a result, a person who has visual impairment can understand the printed material which is not written in Braille through listening instead of touching. Some alert sound is provided to allow the users to know what exactly happened in the mobile application. It is user friendly for the visually impaired person since the designed system has sound for guideline so they can always get to know the process of the application.
The main aims of the current work are to explore the theoretical and technical procedures for design, fabricate, assembly, and testing of the electromechanical subsystems for developing a high precision cost-effective mini three-axis vertical CNC milling machine with an easy interface, high speed, less power consumption, safety and durable for rapid prototyping machining, small parts and engraving small features in the electrical and medical industry. The new Mach3mill G-Code CAD/CAM software package runs on a PC and turns it into a very powerful and economical machine controller. The 3Axis CNC driver board type Kit TB6560 was used as a micro-stepping drive for the smooth drive of the selected stepper motors. The fabricated prototype CNC milling machine with an easy interface that can interpret standard G-M codes. The fabricated machine router was tested and calibrated to determine its accuracy in different position modes for surface flatness, axes perpendicularity, and several geometric accuracies such as positioning, straightness under specific tool paths, and feed rate. The results misalignment lay around +0,01 and-0,01 mm. This means that the fabricated prototype machine movements contain 0.13° tilting on X-axis and 0.22° tilting on Y-axis. After comparison and making the required improvements in both electrical and mechanical design, the machine is in a position to milling a complex contour on soft metals with considerable accuracy and speed.
This paper proposes a method of designing an affordable, universal Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machine for the use by hobbyists and university laboratories. The machine combines the functions of a 3 to 4-axis milling machine and of a 3D printer. We discuss the major factors contributing to manufacturability and dimensional accuracy of the produced parts, and make several suggestions that aim to maximize the cost effectiveness of the machine’s design. A methodology is developed for optimizing the machine’s rigidity and dimensional accuracy by selecting the proper off-the-shelf components. A calculation that follows the proposed method starts when the required level of accuracy and the machining speed is specified; the result of such a calculation is the overall design of the CNC machine, a bill of materials, and the cost estimate. The design can be optimized for cost, weight, or other parameters. The model presently accounts for the forces generated by the cutting action, the acceleration of machine components, and the associated simple bending moments. The future work in this area relates to the improvement of the proposed method and mathematical model to account for the twisting moments, friction, and vibration.
Speech recognition system play an essential role in every human being life. It is a software that allows the user to interact with their mobile phones through speech. Speech recognition software splitting down the audio of a speech into various sound waves forms, analyzing each sound form, using various algorithms to find the most appropriate word fit in that language and transcribing those sounds into text. This paper will illustrate the popular existing system namely SIRI, CORTANA, GOOGLE ASSISTANT, ALEXA, BIXBY. Apart from that, this paper also analysis the concept of NLP (Natural processing) with speech recognition. In addition to this, our main function is to find out the most accurate technique of speech recognition so that we can achieve the best results. Comparative analysis will indicate the difference and demerit points of various speech recognition.
The idea of making a compact and low cost 3 axis CNC MILLING MACHINE comes from increase in demand of low cost and Portable machine..As the increase in rapid growth of technology and software available..It is not difficult so we decided to make a machine which can mill the wood, plastics, thin sheet and alloy..Design and Fabrication is done using a Precision Stepper Motor that combined with Belt and Pulley arrangement on the gantry type aluminum structure on which the x and y axis is smoothly slide on rail bearing and for z axis we use Threaded rod and arrangement for up and down motion that increases and more precisely result obtained..It is an Microcontroller (Arduino uno) based embedded system with a standard pc user interface software for easy drawing..The System also features an offline G code parser and then interpretated on the microcontroller from a USB. Improved procedures are employed in the system to reduce the computational overheads in controlling a 3-axis CNC machine, while avoiding any loss in overall system performance.
The purpose of this research was to designing and fabrication a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) based router machine for wood engraving machine. The idea behind this research was to help the traditional woods craft men in Bali to make a craft more productive and more efficient. The router machine that is made is driven by the driver in the form of a stepper motor, with a 3 axis motion so that the results of wood engraving obtained are precision and homogeneous. G-code program used on CAM processing uses MACH 3 software. The workspace of the machine was 800 mm x 500 mm. The stepper motor driven with TB 6600 driver and combined with ball screw on linear bearing to make the motion more precisely. The test result showed that the machine accuracy is about 99.5 percent for X and Y axis and 96 percent for Z axis.
This paper shows how to design and building low cost Arduino plotter machine based on the open source hardware and software. The Arduino plotter machine has been dependent on the principle of Computer Numerical Control with limited area depends on the motion X, Y and Z axes. The objectives of this paper are to design the Plotter and to develop open source software for control the machine. Basically, the system of this plotter machine is modeling by solidwork software to work with three axes stepper motors (as X, Y and Z axes), this three stepper motors are controlled by shield for movement (X, Y and Z axes). This machine’s movement on the X axis is 215 mm and Y axis is 235 mm. Length of travel means the linear movement of stepper motors that control for X, Y and Z axes from point to another point. The left and right movement controlled by X axis stepper motor, front-back movement controlled by Y axis stepper motor and the pen is up-down that is controlled by Z axis stepper motor.
Voice Based Writing Machine Using Speech Recognition
- J Jenitta
- M N Roshan
- Sushmitha
Development of Speech to Text Machine
- J Asiya
- B Archana
- S Harish
- V S Hamsalekha
Automated Writing and Drawing Machine
- aditi
Automated Writing and Drawing Machine
- M Aditi
- S Karpagam
- B Nandini
- B S Murugan