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سکنا یا اُنس گرفتن مردان به زنان در قرآن و حدیث با رویکرد ریشه‌شناسی

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Abstract

سکنا یا انس گرفتن مردان به زنان در قرآن کریم و احادیث بارها گوشزد شده است، ولی فهم این آموزه، نه‌تنها امروز که در سده‌های متقدم نیز با ابهاماتی نزد مفسران و شارحان حدیث روبه‌رو بوده است. امروز هم برای مخاطبان حاضر این پرسش در میان است که در این نصوص سخن از چه نوع نسبتی میان مردان با زنان است و محتوای این نصوص تا چه اندازه به استوارسازی مبانی خانواده و تا چه اندازه به لذت‌جویی مردان مربوط می‌شود و چرا گرانیگاه این نسبت زنان است. در مقاله حاضر کوشش شده است تا با ریشه‌شناسی و استفاده از روش‌های زبان‌شناسی تاریخی به تحلیل آیات و احادیث مربوط پرداخته شود و در موارد نیاز از مطالعات تطبیقی متون ادیان نیز استفاده شده است. به‌عنوان دستاورد پژوهش می‌توان گفت آموزه قرآنی سکنا، کاملاً ناظر به استوارسازی مبانی خانواده است و آموزه انس در احادیث، یا برآمده از آن است که ماده قرآنی «س ک ن» به ماده «ا ن س» نقل به معنا شده و تحولات اجتماعی به موازات تحولات زبانی مسیر این آموزه را تغییر داده است؛ یا به موازات آموزه قرآنی سکنا، نسبت انس میان مرد و زن به‌عنوان یک آموزه دیرین در ادیان ابراهیمی و نه تفسیر سکنا، در روایات اسلامی مطرح گشته است.

*Apakatchi@gmail.com


*

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
   
  



       


  

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    
 
 
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    
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
     




       
1
.Fonction- processus


Durand, 1992: 256 ff.


   




 

      



    
       

 
       

     
      






        



 
       
 


     



][
][
][



  
 

][ 
        
   
    
      







      









  

  






 

    






       


sakānu    
|
Black et al, 2000: 312
šakānu(m)    
Black et al., 2000: 348
Jeffery, 1938: 173

 /SKN     

/ŠKN/


  
Del Olmo & Sanmartín, 2003: 757, 815

an   
Gesenius, 1939: 698
 šāan 
Gesenius, 1939: 1014
/sakânu/Gesenius,
1939, 698
/ŠKN/ Jeffery, 1938:
173
Krahmalkov, 2000: 408
/za-ki-na/:

ήνηκσ



Liddell & Scott, 1990: 1608

Jeffery, 1938: 173

 an
.
sikkēn     
Jastrow, 1903: vol. II, 991.
šāan.
šǝan.
šikkēn
|    Jastrow, 1903:
2/1575.
 /ŠKN/:   
Hoftijzer & Jongelling, 1995: 1134.
 (šken)   
Brun, 1895: 679; Costaz, 1986:
367
škīntāBrun, 1895:
679
:
  |  Drower &
Macuch, 1963: 466


/skū:n/
Nakano, 1986: 31
    
     
    

:
/


Zammit, 2002: 225
ስኮና, ኰና 

// 



Leslau, 1991: 496

      


      
Zimmern, 1917: 30; Jeffery, 1938: 173
       
    



/*/  

/*sikun-/ 
Orel & Stolbova, 1995: No. 2240;
Dolgopolsky, 2008: No. 2027


*sukn-*sukun-
un-Orel &
Stolbova, 1995: No 2240; Dolgopolsky, 2008:
No. 2027
sūkēm    
Orel & Stolbova, 1995: No. 2240;
Dolgopolsky, 2008: No. 2027.

  *sikun- *sukn- 
Orel & Stolbova, 1995: No.
2240; Dolgopolsky, 2008: No. 2027

 /SKN/    
Dolgopolsky, 2008: No. 2027

 SNY
    
Lesko, 2002: 71


/*sikun-/
*suk-
    
/N/ 


Dolgopolsky, 2008:
No. 2027
*câak- 


Ehret, 1995:
269

/θKM/       


/ski/
    

/sáka/

     

-Ehret, 1995: 269
Adamu, 2009: 126
*suk-
       
Dolgopolsky, 2008: No. 2027

2
.Extension
*čak-
4
.Ngizim
5
.Yamma
       
  /c/ (č )  
/s/ 
/c/ (č)
/s//š/     
    /s/ 

 //  

     
/SK/ 


/-T/ 






   Gesenius, 1939: 698; Brun,
1895: 679
    



    /-R/ 
  


       







     


/-ʕ/ 

    


    

 

      /M-/  


  


        
Gesenius,
1939: 604
      


        
     
  

      /N-/ 

   

    


θ|S

    

*-    

    *câak- 

    Ehret, 1995: 269
*
*-
*SK

/S/ /Š/     




 /SK/    



*
-

Dolgopolsky, 2008: No. 2027

     
  
 



      


    












       
       





    
        


         
       
      





   

      


     


        
      






    

       



    


        









  








      
       



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








 
         


         
        














        



 

   
 

     





      

     
  
  

  
 










Zammit,
2002: 81
  
  Gesenius, 1939: 60  

*NS(Y)- 
    




/*i-/ 
       
6
.Preformative

 
    

  





     
      



        

        


    
      





 ,  -   , -
 ,   ,  -.
     




 -a


/YD/

     | 
||
   |   
|
Gesenius, 1939: 393-394


      

       



    Gesenius,
1939: 906-907      

   
 

   
  
    





    





        

  







     

 








 
 -a‘
  







      

















       




-

-   




-   



- 


-   
 
    

- 


 

- 
 

    

-   

   

- 



-   
 
    

-
    

  

-   



-   


- 
  

-    



- 


- 
 


-   


][
-   


  

- 



-  


 

- 



-
 
  


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ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Article
Aharon Dolgopolsky is the leading authority on the Nostratic macrofamily. His 'Nostratic Dictionary' presented here is, of course, something very much more than a dictionary. It is the most thorough and extensive demonstration and documentation so far of what may be termed the Nostratic hypothesis: that several of the world's best- known language families are related in their origin, their grammar and their lexicon, and that they belong together in a larger unit, of earlier origin, the Nostratic macrofamily. It should at once be noted that several elements of this enterprise are controversial. For while the Nostratic hypothesis has many supporters, it has been criticized on rather fundamental grounds by a number of distinguished linguists. The matter was reviewed some years ago in a symposium held at the McDonald Institute, and positions remain very much polarized. It was a result of that meeting that the decision was taken to invite Aharon Dolgopolsky to publish his Dictionary - a much more substantial treatise than any work hitherto undertaken on the subject - at the McDonald Institute. For it became clear that the diversities of view expressed at that symposium were not likely to be resolved by further polemical exchanges. Instead, a substantial body of data was required, whose examination and evaluation could subsequently lead to more mature judgments. Those data are presented here, and that more mature evaluation can now proceed.
Yobe Languages Research Project
  • Russel G Schuh
Russel G. Schuh. Yobe Languages Research Project.
A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian
  • Black
  • Jeremy
Black. Jeremy et al. (2000). A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
Dictionnaire syriaquefrançais
  • . J -Brun
-Brun. J. (1895). Dictionarium syriacolatinum. Beirut: Typographia PP. Soc. Jesu. -Costaz. L. (1986). Dictionnaire syriaquefrançais. Beirut: Dar el-Machreq.
Reconstructing proto-Afroasiatic: Vowels. Tone. Consonants and Vocabulary
  • Ehret
  • Christopher
  • Berkeley
-Ehret. Christopher (1995). Reconstructing proto-Afroasiatic: Vowels. Tone. Consonants and Vocabulary. Berkeley et al.: University of California Press.
A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament
  • . W -Gesenius
-Gesenius. W. (1939). A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. ed. F. Brown. Oxford: Clarendon.
A Dictionary of the Targumim. the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi and the Midrashic Literature
  • Jastrow
  • Marcus
-Jastrow. Marcus (1903). A Dictionary of the Targumim. the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi and the Midrashic Literature. London/ New York: Luzac/ Putnam. -Jeffery. Arthur (1938). The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qur'an. Baroda: Oriental Institute.
Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. Leuven: Uitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies
  • Krahmalkov
  • R Charles
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