Study of Adolescent Stage and Its Impacts on Adolescents

Abstract

Youngsters in their teens represent the world's largest age demographic, in a special period known worldwide as the bridge between childhood and maturity in the life cycle. Longitudinal surveys and accurate assessments of teenage activity in both developed and emerging countries are providing new perspectives. Throughout adolescence, physical and psychosocial shifts cause incarnate challenges of centuries and early childhood to appear in human differences in areas such as maturity, academic achievement, self-confidence, peer pressure, and family proximity. The wellbeing and well-being threats to parents are therefore foreseen. Multidisciplinary methodologies, in particular biological-social science, socioeconomic and cultural variability and determinants of positive results needed to raise understanding at that stage. Depression, anxiety, and eating disorders are especially common during the days of the puberty. Adolescents with anxiety or mood disorders may suffer from physical symptoms such as exhaustion or chronic fatigue, dizziness, headache and pain in the abdomen or arms. The five main features of puberty are biological growth and development, an unclear status, increased decision-making, increased anxiety, and self-search. Adolescence is a lifetime with specific needs and rights relating to health and development. It is also a time to develop awareness and skills, learn to control feelings and relationships, and gain qualities and skills that would be necessary for teenage years to be experienced and adult positions to take on.

Full text

European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine
ISSN 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 06, 2020
1369
Study of Adolescent Stage and Its Impacts on
Adolescents
Shelly Agarwal, Ruchi Srivastava, Manisha Jindal, Pooja Rastogi
School of Medical Sciences & Research,
Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh
Email Id- shelly.agarwal@sharda.ac.in, ruchi.chauhan@sharda.ac.in, manisha.jindal@sharda.ac.in,
pooja.rastogi@sharda.ac.in
ABSTRACT: Youngsters in their teens represent the world's largest age demographic, in a special period known
worldwide as the bridge between childhood and maturity in the life cycle. Longitudinal surveys and accurate
assessments of teenage activity in both developed and emerging countries are providing new perspectives.
Throughout adolescence, physical and psychosocial shifts cause incarnate challenges of centuries and early
childhood to appear in human differences in areas such as maturity, academic achievement, self-confidence,
peer pressure, and family proximity. The wellbeing and well-being threats to parents are therefore foreseen.
Multi-disciplinary methodologies, in particular biological-social science, socio-economic and cultural variability
and determinants of positive results needed to raise understanding at that stage. Depression, anxiety, and eating
disorders are especially common during the days of the puberty. Adolescents with anxiety or mood disorders may
suffer from physical symptoms such as exhaustion or chronic fatigue, dizziness, headache and pain in the
abdomen or arms. The five main features of puberty are biological growth and development, an unclear status,
increased decision-making, increased anxiety, and self-search. Adolescence is a lifetime with specific needs and
rights relating to health and development. It is also a time to develop awareness and skills, learn to control
feelings and relationships, and gain qualities and skills that would be necessary for teenage years to be
experienced and adult positions to take on.
KEYWORDS: Adolescence, Anxiety, Cultural Heterogeneity, Depression, Psycho-Social Changes
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, young adults aged in between ten to nineteen years are a generational bulge. This is
the highest demographic era in the world and comprises around 20 percent of the world's 6.5
billion in 2005, with 85 percent residing in developing nations and about one-third comprising
the country's national populations. Teenagers are often described as "demographically dense" – a
time of life in which a large proportion of people experience a large proportion of the principal
events in their lives. These involve quitting or completing college, holding a child and positive
economic development. These may contain behaviors that are more prevalent in this age range
than in others and can dramatically change the trajectories of life: non-consensual intercourse,
alcohol and substance misuse, self-harm and physical aggression, and trouble with the law[1]–
[7]. The lifestyle and work patterns, the relationship, the quality of schooling and the
environment have a influence on society, jobs and existence in the household, which with
enduring consequences on the well-being of individuals and potential generations.
Adolescence is the developmental period between the ages of thirteen and nineteen, from infancy
to adulthood. But much earlier, during the preteen or all years, the physical and psychological
changes that arise in adolescence begin at an age of nine to twelve years. Adolescence may be a
period of disorientation and experimentation. Adolescence is the developmental era between the
ages of 13 and 19 from infancy to adulthood. But much earlier, during the preteen or "all" years,

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the physical and psychological changes that arise in adolescence begin: ages 9 and 12.
Adolescence can be both a time of disorientation and of exploration.
Adolescence is a time of intense physical, mental, social, and emotional growth and
development. Problems in development and hormone equilibrium are discussed, posing as short
and tall adolescents, menstrual disorders, obesity and acne. Adolescents are reputed to be surly,
uncommunicative, moody, argumentative and flippant-even all at once! Such habits can be
common for teenagers when seen from time to time, because becoming a teen is difficult. Factors
that impact teenage development involve growth of the physical, cognitive, mental, social, and
behavioral facets.
Environmental causes of teenage mental illness are usually a product of stress at its heart. Social
stress, loneliness, or drug misuse are important causes of stress in adolescences. Some that
causes of stress include: depression-manipulation of the personality, psychological or physical.
The most common conditions in teenage mental wellbeing include fear, depression, deficits in
concentration and hyperactivity.
Concern for development and maturity revolves around a conviction that their own personal
issues, thoughts and perceptions are special. Overreacting to mockery, humiliation and criticism.
Looking for friends and those with attention-getting habits to support. Adolescent psychology
can help children make much sense of the physical changes they are experiencing, and they can
interact better with children. Adolescence introduces new ways of thought, in addition to the
physical development. When adolescents develop cognitively, they learn logical reasoning.
Adolescence refers to the era of human development that takes place between puberty and
adulthood. Adolescence starts at about 10 years old and finishes at about twenty-one years old.
You can divide puberty into three stages: early puberty, middle adolescence and late
adolescence. Every stage has its own peculiarities. Furthermore, improved teenage wellbeing
offers economic gains and broader social gains. Eventually, investment in teenage wellbeing is
important because it is a critical period in human development, and also because of the different
challenges of illness and disability faced by teenage populations.
For a long time, adolescence was considered to be an American cultural phenomenon, a by-
product of the process called as industrialization. An intimate and socially divisive era results in
creation of situations like young people dependency on their families after dropping out of
school and wait for jobs. Hundreds of society‟s studies, however indicated that the adolescence
stage is a widely accepted period of development, starting at or just after maturity, perhaps with
various signs, behavioral indications and social inferences.
Rituals relating to future adult positions like reproduction, obligation and job, or religious rituals,
sometimes differentiated from age, indicate puberty in most societies. The transit rituals are less
systematic and more fluid in the society, but improvements in schooling, changes in family rules
in the sense of autonomy and first-time experiences, for example alcohol intake or triggering
events, will help to cross the distance between puberty and maturity.
Following the publishing of a highly influential book by Hall in 1904, there was a perniciously
held belief that puberty's "raging hormones" ultimately lead to revolt, confrontation with parents
and other authority, etc. This naive notion proved to be incorrect. Most teens do not go through a
"sturm und drang" phase. Alternatively, the phase of development to adulthood is generally a

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socially defined age, with an initiation typically precipitated by obvious physical changes
associated with adolescence including numerous encounters between physiology and culture (or
the collection of social structures and relationships that existed at the time.
Unidirectional structures suggesting whether hormones are activating actions ( e.g., testosterone
induces aggression) or activities stimulate hormone alteration (e.g., tension enhances cortisol),
have given way to hormone / conduct correlations and conceptual conclusions. For eg, poor
commitment, family conflict and insufficient involvement in children suppose that the timing of
the initiation of puberty is affected. The mixture of these pressures and early adolescence, in
effect, leads to dissatisfaction with parents, reduced self-esteem, and deviant peer‟s interactions.
Neuro-physiological and brain imaging experiments reveal that reorganization of the brain
coincides with the onset of adolescent puberty, which could make adolescents more likely to
receive stimuli affecting their judgment.
New Methods for study of Adolescent phase
Because they are costly to maintain and complicated as knowledge is to be processed, potential
experimental systems are better suited for the analysis of human growth, particularly the
understanding of transformation processes and the sequential organisation. Youth monitoring
their life cycle as they interact with family, school, peers and the larger social community creates
knowledge that reaches well beyond the dream provided by measurement at any point of time.
Several major birth cohort research in developing countries , including Brazil and South Africa,
are currently in development, offering information on the long-term and quantitative effects of
diet and family life on a social and health basis [8], [9].
At the start of 1990, the Birth to Twenty (Bt20) project in South Africa enrolled in Soweto-
Johannesburg a population of more than 3,000 babies. Nicknamed "Mandela's Babies" this
project has been collecting knowledge from pre-born to the ages of 15 (the project is scheduled
to hit the age of 20), regarding children (born soon after Nelson Mandela escapes from jail) and
their relatives. The youngest mother was only 14 when she delivered her child, and the second-
generation cohort youth started to be raised. This young group is the first generation of children
residing in South Africa in a democratic way and this studies seeks to reflect the development of
individuals and groups as they change their lives over a certain significant time.
OUTCOMES OF THE STUDY
In the first two years of life, a small number of children may be identified who adjustment
challenges remains for most of their adolescence, primarily in the form of issues relating to
peers. Such factors can only be modeled in fairly specific terms via the combination of
physiological (low birth weight), socioeconomic (single parenthood and societal (poverty).
Father parent deficiency is very strong in Southern Africa, mostly due to migrant work. The
single-parent female-headed households are poorer than others and people who are not
legitimately or traditionally married to the mother at the time of the birth have been born tend to
provide less and less care to their children when they mature.
In both regions, there are major variations in physical development, most obviously in both
childhood and adolescence. However, the trends created by the clustering of the personal
profiles, circumstances and contexts can be observed not just with time. The antecedents,
consequences and outcomes of such incidents will be addressed with young people with unique

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physical growth, or with signs such as preñedness or sexual behavior. For starters, infants with
increased weight changes during infancy tend to have higher body weight, decreased glucose
tolerance and a greater likelihood of overweight, diabetes and cardiac disease afterwards. Boys
and girls in Bt20 who were 13 at a more mature point of adolescence were more vulnerable to
engaging than their less-developed peers of different behaviors like smoking, substance usage
and sexual intercourse.
Puberty has significant human variation, as with other developmental periods. A variety of
cultural, socioeconomic, and biological influences affect Pubertal Staging. The age at which
teenagers reach adolescence has declined worldwide, largely due to socio-economic factors and
diet changes. In South Africa , for example, the menarche has declined by 0.73 years per decade
among urban people, although the last average age reported in the US remains 13.2 years, which
still is considerably older than that of American Girls. At the same period, adult risk effects,
including illness in the reproductive and breeding area, socioeconomic problems and chronic
disorders in later life and the associated physical and psycho-social influences are important risk
factors. Of example, the initiation of sexual activity in early menarche is connected, early and
late adolescence are correlated with increases in self-esteem of children and girls and the rise in
adolescence of girls is connected to later risk of hypertension and diabetes.
The accurate measurement of pubertal stage in social studies in non-Western societies, especially
in Africa, is only recently realized by careful confirmation of growth in hair, breasts and gonads,
personality evaluation against certain parameters like the Tanner Scale of Sexual Maturation.
The above often ought to be adequately assessed for aggressive actions in accordance with
pubertal staging. The greatest tendency for unreported queries pertaining to criminal or generally
recognized practices (such as sex, drug usage and truancy).
These patterns can be evaluated and corrected by new techniques. Those involve the application
of biological indicators such as salivary cotinine or thiocyanate to determine the under-report of
smoke. Because cotinine, produced inside your body, is a nicotine by-product, cotinine measures
are a good substitute for ingestion or absorption to nicotine. As a predictor for HIV infection and
to assessing under-reports of orientation in young adults in addition to the consistency of
evidence across the years. They do use cotinine for urinary leukocyte estherase (ULE) studies
with Bt20. "ULE" studies in women are more responsive than in males and involve microscopic
evidence. Usually, urinary tract diseases may be produced from other types than from age.
However, at the age of 13, ULE findings were shown in twice the amount of girls reported
sexually involved and in 50% of girls disclosing sex at the age of 14 and 15. The optimistic ULE
findings were linked to the following information, indicating that seventeen proportion of
adolescents at 13 and around 21 percent of adolescents at 14 years of age who did not mention
becoming sexually involved are expected to undergo early puberty.
In teenage self-reports efforts are similarly important to increase the accuracy of extremely
sensitive information. Latest scientific advancement has contributed to machine audio (CAASI)
self-interview. Young people interpret or address on-screen questions in a language of their
preference by way of headsets and type their answers into a standard or modified keyboard
directly. Comments Bt20. Zimbabwe and Kenya say that respondents prefer privacy and some
young people feel more truthful about their responses. Consumer concerns with the platform are
also obstacles, pending easier-to-use solutions before being able to extend its use to teens with

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low educational levels. Other creative methods involve asking critical questions and answering
them by voice activated assistants and cell phones.
The planet is now approaching a time where people will rely on advanced data collection skills.
The crucial basis for a systematic evaluation of strategies targeted at improving opportunities for
better development for youth is accurate and detailed review of evidence gathered from the self-
reports of young people in particular. For the next 5 years of the Bt20 project, the researchers
concentrate on progress results; success in education or retirement; getting unwanted teens
pregnant or finishing preparation, rising weights, rising signs of diabetes, failure of the law, etc.
The researchers are now beginning to recruit young Bt20 boys and girls of the next generation
and this gives us an outstanding opportunity to examine inter-generational advantages and
drawbacks.
Bt20 and other clinical research give insight into predisposing factors in the teenage years for
positive and detrimental outcomes. Most of these study results stress the significance of early
and systematic action. A good beginning in life, friendly and healthy family connections and
encouragement for the growth of young people through school and locality and so on are all
expected in terms of academic success, transition, community participation and future ambition
to achieve positive results for young people. Nonetheless, there are often causes for optimism,
particularly as children are exposed to extremely dangerous environments.
Three decades earlier, Garmezen and his collaborators, for example, noticed that when a
schizophrenic parent raised the risk of children being impacted by the condition, 90 percent of
the students surveyed were "good friends, academic success, dedication to learning and
purposeful lives, early and successful jobs." That also refers to conditions of deprivation, strife
and crime, and misuse and corruption of parental substances; most children subject to these
circumstances grow up to lead productive lives as adults, with the opportunity to love and
function.
Self-stabilizing strategies allow other adolescents and young adults, who grow up in rough
environments, to have only the lowest possibility of participating with others in social activity, of
doing and enjoying what they do, and of contributing to the health of others. Opportunity niches
may be created by winning a game, selecting a team or casting in a school production, or having
a family member to help the project, even though the parent or the instructor is of concern. -- all
these affects the way a child looks at himself and how people look at him and handle him[10]–
[17].
The degree to which this is so much surprised everyone within the Bt20 Community. For 2300
children who had been tracked before the age of 16, over 50% had very bad conditions (within
$1 a day a person), 20% went to sleep frequently hungry in their early days, over 40% had a
parent or assistant experience of community violence or family abuse, and only 2 out of 5
children lived with their mothers. Given these circumstances, prediction is made at the moment
that only about five percentage of children have experienced chronic behavioral problems.
However, when teenagers reach their teenage years, move farther away from home to school, are
subject to fewer parental control and guidance, and are disproportionately subjected to peers
engaged in unsafe behaviour, the levels of potentially harmful habits are growing. Of example,
while only 1.6 percentage of thirteen-year-old (3.3 percentage of the boys and 0.8 percentage of

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girls) have had sexual contact, this figure increases to approximately 20 percentages at age
fifteen (twenty-seven percentages among boys and twelve percentages among girls).
A composite risk ranking in tandem with drinking, alcohol and substance usage, foreplay and
arms rates showing a significant improvement with increased adolescence development and the
shift from elementary to high school. Young adults, who are more prone to take risks while they
are early adulthood, are young in childhood and where they are exposed to older youth without
sufficient control and advice on parental treatment.
CONCLUSION
Human results by the effects of evolution and early childhood experiences in puberty and, in
particular, puberty. Longitudinal patterns suggest that it is also age of opportunity: healthy diet
and healthier lifestyles, support for the families and educational effects of people and the access
to community programs that enable young people to break up early habits which lead to poor
health and poor social integration. Current methods enhance the consistency and efficiency of the
data of young people and provide incomparable possibilities in both biological and social
sciences.
Yet we know a lot more about what is wrong with young people, and also about how difficulties
can be prevented or how young people can get on the road , especially with countries around the
world that are in the greatest difficulty for young people. New work is driven by the need to
develop and explore solutions that can help and minimize the risks of young people's sexual and
psychological well-being.
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