Language and Communication

Abstract

Language as a communication tool has an important role in human interaction. Language can be used by humans to convey their ideas, ideas, desires, feelings and experiences to others. Language is a form of embodiment of human civilization and culture, in the linguistic dictionary, language is an arbitrary sound symbol unit used by a member of society to work together, interact and identify themselves. The spoken language between one region and another is different which is called a dialect. In order to unite the language in the community from several regions, a national language is needed. In addition, in the process of communication, speech acts also occur. A communication process cannot be separated from speech acts or speech events. The importance of communication encourages people to be more creative in creating new media as a means to facilitate the communication process.

Full text

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Vol. 1, No. 1, 2022
Language and Communication
Fauziah Nasution
1
, Elissa Evawani Tambunan 2
1, 2 University of Graha Nusantara
ABSTRACT
Language as a communication tool has an important role in human interaction. Language can
be used by humans to convey their ideas, ideas, desires, feelings and experiences to others.
Language is a form of embodiment of human civilization and culture, in the linguistic
dictionary, language is an arbitrary sound symbol unit used by a member of society to work
together, interact and identify themselves. The spoken language between one region and
another is different which is called a dialect. In order to unite the language in the community
from several regions, a national language is needed. In addition, in the process of
communication, speech acts also occur. A communication process cannot be separated from
speech acts or speech events. The importance of communication encourages people to be
more creative in creating new media as a means to facilitate the communication process.
Keywords:
Language, Communication, Human
Received:
05.05.2022
Revised:
15.06.2022
Accepted:
27.06.2022
Available online:
01.07.2022
Suggested citations:
Nasution, Fauziah., & EE. Tambunan, A. (2022). Language and Communication. International
Journal of Community Service, 1 (1), 01-10. DOI: -
Open Access | URLs:
https://ejournal.ipinternasional.com/index.php/ijcs/OpenAccessPolicy
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Corresponding Author: Fauziah Nasution, University of Graha Nusantara; Soripada Mulia Street, No. 1,
Padang Sidempuan, North Sumatra; Email: fauziahnasution05@gmail.com
International Journal of Community Service
https://ejournal.ipinternasional.com/index.php/ijcs

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Fauziah Nasution, Elissa Evawani Tambunan
INTRODUCTION
Language as a communication tool has an important role in human interaction.
Language can be used by humans to convey their ideas, ideas, desires, feelings and
experiences to others. Language is a form of embodiment of human civilization and
culture, in the linguistic dictionary, language is an arbitrary sound symbol unit used
by a member of society to work together, interact and identify themselves
(Kridalaksana, 2001: 21).
Darjdowidjodjo (2003: 282) argues that the use of language is related to the
practice of language knowledge. The wider the knowledge of the language used in
communication, the greater the ability of skills to give meaning to a word or sentence.
Humans need language as a means of communication. Language as a communication
tool plays a very important role in human life because with language humans can
interact and talk about anything. Based on the way of presentation, language is
divided into two facilities, namely facilities with written language and spoken
language, either spoken or written language, one of its functions is to communicate so
that social interactions in society can be established.
The spoken language between one region and another is different which is
called a dialect. In order to unite the language in the community from several regions,
a national language is needed. In addition, in the process of communication, speech
acts also occur. A communication process cannot be separated from speech acts or
speech events. The importance of communication encourages people to be more
creative in creating new media as a means to facilitate the communication process. The
forms of communication media, for example, are print and electronic media. These two
communication media are indirect means of communication between the speaker and
the speech partner. Speakers and speech partners can interact and send messages even
though they do not meet in person or are in distant places. As a result, a message can
be received by people at the same time. In human life, it will have an effect on the
speech partner.
Speakers tend to use language as necessary in communicating. The choice of
language by speakers is more directed towards communicative language. With a clear
context of the situation, where the communication occurs, who the interlocutor is, the
purpose of the conversation, norms, messages and tools used (oral or written) a
communicative event can run smoothly.
METODE
This study aims to communication good on delivered in community service in the
southern Padang Sidimpuan sub-district by exploring each research variable. This
research is categorized as exploratory research. The research population was all sub-
district office staff as many as 20 people with the number of samples used as total
sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing and distributing
questionnaires to respondents. Classical assumption test.

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1. Understanding Communication
Communication comes from the Latin word Communicare or Communis which means
the same or belonging together. Communication is the process of conveying thoughts or
feelings by one person to another by using symbols that are meaningful to both parties, in
certain situations communication uses certain media to change the attitude or behavior of a
person or a number of people so that certain effects are expected. The following is the definition
of communication based on experts:
1. Onong Cahyana Effendi, communication is the process of delivering messages by someone
to another person to inform, change attitudes, opinions, or behavior, either verbally
(directly) or indirectly (via media).
2. Raymond Ross, communication is a process of sorting, selecting, and sending symbols in
such a way as to help listeners respond with a response or meaning of the same thought as
intended by the communicator.
3. Harold Laswell, communication is a picture of who, speaking what, through what media, to
whom, and with what impact.
4. Gerald R. Miller, communication occurs when a source conveys a message to recipients
consciously to influence their behavior.
5. Himsreet and Beaty, communication is a process of exchanging information between
individuals through a common (ordinary) system, both with symbols, signals, as well as
behavior or actions.
6. Hovland, Janis and Kelley, communication is the process of individuals sending stimuli
(stimulus) which is usually in verbal form to change the behavior of others. In this sense
they argue that communication is a. Process.
7. Bovee, communication is a process of sending or receiving messages.
8. Laswell, communication is a process that describes who says what in what way, to whom
with what effect.
9. Colin Cherry, communication is the process by which the parties use each other's
information to achieve a common goal and relates to the relationship evoked by the
successor of stimuli and the generation of reciprocation.
10. Kafried Knapp, communication is an interpersonal interaction that uses a linguistic symbol
system, such as a system of verbal symbols (words) and non-verbal. This system can be
disseminated directly or face-to-face or through other media such as written, oral, and
visual.
2. Communication Purpose
In particular, communication aims to:
1. Setting and expanding company goals
2. Develop a plan to complete the goal
3. Organize HR and other resources effectively and efficiently.
4. Selecting, developing and assessing members of the organization.
5. Lead, direct, motivate and create a climate that creates a desire to contribute, and
6. Controlling performance
According to Hewitt (1981), the purpose of communication can be described as follows:
1. Explore or teach something.
2. Influence a person's behavior expressing feelings
3. Explaining one's own behavior or the behavior of others
4. Connect with other people
5. Solve a problem or problem.
6. Reach a goal.
7. Reducing tension and resolving conflicts
8. Stimulates interest in self or others.

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Fauziah Nasution, Elissa Evawani Tambunan
3. Communication Function
The following communication functions are as follows:
a. Control : communication acts to control member behavior in a number of ways, each
organization has formal authority and guidelines that employees must adhere to.
b. Motivation: communication helps develop motivation by explaining to employees what to
do how they do well and what can be done to improve performance if it is below standard.
c. Emotional Disclosure: for many employees their work groups are the main source for
social interaction, communication that occurs within the group is the fundamental
mechanism by which members express their disappointment and satisfaction therefore
communication broadcasts emotional expression of feelings and the fulfillment of social
needs .
d. Information: communication provides the information that individuals and groups need to
make decisions by transmitting data to regarding and assessing alternative options
(Robbins, 2002: 310-311).
4. Forms of Communication
a. Vertical Communication
Vertical communication is communication from top to bottom and from bottom to top or
communication from leaders to subordinates and from subordinates to leaders on a
reciprocal basis.
b. Horizontal Communication
Horizontal communication is communication that is horizontal, for example
communication between employees and employees and this communication often takes
place informally, which is different from vertical communication that occurs formally.
c. Diagonal communication
Diagonal communication, which is often also called cross-communication, is that one
person and another differ in position and division.
Another opinion states, communication can flow vertically or laterally (side). The vertical
dimension can be divided into downwards and upwards.
a. down ; Communication that flows from one level in a group or organization to a lower
level. The purpose of this communication is to provide goal setting, provide job
instructions, inform policies and procedures to subordinates, point out problems that
require attention and provide feedback on performance.
b. Upward: communication that flows to a higher level in the group or organization is used to
provide feedback to superiors, informing them of progress toward goals and addressing
problems.
While the lateral dimension, communication that occurs among the same work group, among
members of work groups at the same level, among managers at the same level.
5. Types of Communication
1. Communication based on Submission
In general, everyone can communicate with each other because humans are not only
individual creatures but also social beings who always have a need to communicate with each
other. However, not all people are skilled at communicating, therefore it takes several ways to
convey information.
Based on the delivery of information can be divided into 2 (two), namely:
a. Verbal Communication (Oral)
•What happens directly and is not limited by distance, where both parties can meet face to
face. For example, dialogue between two people
•What happens indirectly is due to being limited by distance. For example, communication
by telephone.
b. Nonverbal Communication (Written)

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•Manuscripts, which are usually used to convey complex news
•Pictures and photos of the consequences cannot be described in words or sentences.
2. Behavior Based Communication
Communication based on behavior can be divided into:
•Formal communication , namely communication that occurs between organizations or
companies whose procedures are regulated in the organizational structure. Examples of
seminars
•Informal communication , namely communication that occurs in an organization or
company that is not specified in the organizational structure and does not receive
official testimony that may not affect the interests of the organization or company. For
example rumors, rumors, and so on.
•formal communication , namely communication that occurs between formal and informal
communication, namely communication related to the implementation of
organizational or company work tasks with personal activities of members of the
organization or company. For example, the meeting regarding the anniversary of the
company.
3. Communication by Continuity
Based on its continuity, communication can be divided into:
•Direct Communication , namely the communication process is carried out directly
without the help of a third person intermediary or existing communication and is not
limited by distance.
•Indirect Communication , namely the communication process is carried out with the help
of third parties or the help of communication media tools.
4. Communication based on Communication Purpose
Based on the purpose of communication can be distinguished as follows:
a. make a speech
b. Give a talk
c. Interview
d. Giving orders alias tasks
5. Communication Based on Scope
Based on the Scope, communication can be distinguished as follows:
a. Internal Communication
Internal communication can be divided into 3 (three) types, namely:
•Vertical communication that occurs in the form of communication from leaders to
members, such as orders, reprimands, praise, and so on.
•Horizontal communication that occurs within the scope of the organization or company
between people who have equal positions.
•Diagonal communication that occurs within the scope of the organization or company
between people who have different positions in positions that are not vertically
aligned.
b. External Communication
Communication that occurs between the organization or company and the community
outside the organization or company. External communication is intended to gain
understanding, trust, assistance and cooperation with the community.
Communication with external parties can take the form of:
• Exposition, exhibition, promotion and so on
• Press conference
• Broadcast television, radio and so on
• Social service

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6. Communication Based on Number Communicating
Communication based on the number of people who communicate, can be divided into:
•Individual communication , namely communication that occurs in an individual or
individual way between personal and personal regarding personal issues as well.
•Group Communication , which is communication that occurs in groups regarding issues
concerning the interests of the group. The difference with personal communication is
that this communication is more open than individual communication.
7. Communication Based on Individual Role
In this communication, the role of the individual greatly affects the success of the
communication process. The following are several types of communication based on individual
roles, including:
•Communication between individuals with other individuals. This communication occurs
informally or informally, individuals acting as communicators are able to influence
other individuals.
•Communication between individuals with the wider environment. This communication
occurs because the individual in question has a high ability to establish relationships
with the wider environment.
•Communication between individuals with two or more groups. In this communication,
the individual acts as an intermediary between two or more groups, so that excellent
abilities are required to become a harmonious harmonic.
8. Network Based Communication
Within an organization or company, communication will be carried out based on a system that
is laid out in a network.
Communication based on this network can be divided into:
•Network network communication , i.e. communication occurs according to the
hierarchical channel of the organization with a command network so that it follows a
formal communication pattern.
•Circle network communication , namely communication occurs through communication
channels shaped like a circle pattern.
•Star network communication , i.e. communication occurs through a central and shorter
channel.
9. Communication Based on Information Teaching
Communication based on information teaching can be divided into:
•One-way communication, namely communication that runs one party ( one way
communication).
•Two-way communication, namely communication that is reciprocal ( two-way
communication).
•, namely communication that occurs from subordinates to superiors.
•Downward communication, namely communication that occurs from superiors to
subordinates.
•Side communication, namely communication that occurs between people who have an
equal position.
1. Communication Elements
In the communication process there are three main elements that must be fulfilled because it is a
unified and unified form. If one element is not present, then communication will not occur.
Each element in the communication has a very close relationship and interdependence with one
another. These communication elements are:

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•Communicator / sender / sender , namely the person who conveys the contents of his
statement to the communicant. The communicator is responsible for sending the news
clearly, choosing the appropriate media to convey the message, and asking for clarity
whether the message has been well received by the communicant.
•communicant / receiver / receiver is the recipient of the message conveyed by the
communicator. In the communication process, the recipient of the message is
responsible for being able to understand the content of the message that has been
conveyed properly and correctly. The recipient of the message also provides feedback
to the communicator to ensure that the message has been received and understood
perfectly.
•Channels / media / channels , namely channels or paths traversed by the communicator's
statement message to the communicant and vice versa. Messages can be in the form of
words and writing, imitation, images or other intermediaries that can be used to send
through several different channels, such as telephone, television, fax, photocopy,
email, and so on. The choice of channel in the communication process depends on the
nature of the news to be conveyed (Wursanto, 1994).
6. Communication Process
The communication process is divided into 2 (two) stages, namely the primary communication
process and the secondary communication process.
1. Primary Communication Process
The process of conveying one's thoughts and feelings to others by using symbols (symbols)
as a medium. The symbols used as primary media in the communication process are
language, images, signs, colors and so on which are directly capable of translating the
thoughts and feelings of the communicator to the communicant.
- Language is the most widely used to translate one's thoughts to others. Gestures, signs,
pictures, colors, etc., can only communicate certain things (very limited).
- The symbol is that someone's thoughts or feelings will only be known by others and have
an impact on others if they are transmitted using primary media . The message conveyed
by the communicator to the communicant consists of the content ( the content ) and the
symbol ( symbol ).
Words contain two types of meaning, namely denotative and connotative meanings. Words
in denotative meaning are those that contain the meaning as stated in the dictionary
meaning and are generally accepted by most people with the same culture and language. A
word in a connotative sense is one that contains an emotional meaning or contains a certain
judgment.
For example : the word "democratic". The denotative definition of democracy is the
government of the people. In a connotative sense this term is not the same for a Russian, for
an American and for an Indonesian. Each has certain views, opinions and assumptions about
the word democracy. This is an illustration that shows how important language is in the
communication process.
2. Secondary Communication Process
The process of delivering messages by one person to another by using a tool or means as a
second medium after using a symbol as the first medium.
A communicator uses a second medium in launching his communication because the
communicant as the target is in a relatively large number of places. Letters, telephones,
magazines, newspapers, radio, television and many more are the second medium that is often
used in communication.

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CONCLUSION
Humans need interaction with other parties. In this context, language plays an
important role, because through language humans can communicate in their
interactions with other people. It is something that is very difficult, not to say
impossible, to do if humans interact and communicate without involving elements of
language. The main function of language is as a communication tool as well as playing
other functions.
It must be admitted that the communication function is only one of the main
functions of language and there are other language functions. As explained in the
social context, language has a function as a portrait of social reality and a means to
show socio-cultural identity (representation function). For those who are actively
engaged in sociolinguistics, they are well aware that language is a unity. Therefore
communicating a group of people or society can be used as a representation of
existing social conditions.
Thank you not
It may or may not be included, a greeting to the party (University Of Graha
Nusantara) that supports the implementation of the program.
REFERENCES
Dardjowidjodjo, 2003. Psiolingustik : Pengantar Pemahaman Bahasa Manusia.
Unika. Jakarta
Hewitt, Jhon P. 2003. Self anda Society. A Syimbolic Interactionist soCIAL Psychology. Allyn and
Bacon, Boston.
Kridalaksana, 2001, Kamus Linguistik. PT Gramedia Pustaka. Jkaarta
Robbins, 2002. Organizational Behaviuor. Pearson. UK
Wursanto, 1994. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Organisasi. Penerbit Andi. Yogyakarta
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© 2022 Fauziah Nasution, Elissa Evawani Tambunan
Published by IPI Global Press in collaboration with the Inovasi Pratama Internasional Ltd