In situations of intractable political conflict (e.g., in Israel–Palestine or the Basque region) social identification is of pivotal importance (e.g., Bar-Tal, 2007; Coleman, 2003; Kelman, 1999). The identities that underlie such conflicts are typically presented as oppositional (e.g., Arab and Jew or Basque and Spanish) and negatively interdependent (Kelman, 1999). However, even in situations of
... [Show full abstract] violent inter-group conflict and highly pervasive social divisions, other identities and categories coexist and the literature can be criticized for overemphasizing unitary social categorizations.