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Correlations between Insomnia and Sex, Work Experience, Shift and Body Max Index in Italian Nurses: A Scoping Profile Statement
Abstract
Aim
The present study aimed to assess any association existing between insomnia according to sex, work experience, shift and BMI values in Italian nurses.
Method
An “ad hoc” questionnaire was created and administered online in October 2020. Data collected included: sex, years of work experience, shift work per day, BMI values, and insomnia levels.
Findings
A total of 341 Italian nurses were enrolled. Of these, 277 (81.23%) were females and n=64 (18.77%) males. No significant differences were assessed between ISI levels and sex, BMI scores, work experience and shift (p=.098; p=.978; p=.561; p=.222, respectively). Significant and inverse correlation was assessed between ISI values and sex (p=.019), BMI values (p=.033). While, no significant correlations were assessed between ISI levels and work experience (p=.805) and shift (p=.962), respectively. However, work experience reported significant correlations between BMI classes (p>.001) and shift (p<.001).
Conclusion
Data suggested potential health risk factors for the nursing workforce, which was associated with weight gain and developing Metabolic Syndrome. Therefore, the essence of the nursing profession could affect work performance and cause problems in the family and social life, as well as stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and irregular sleep patterns.
... This is the well-known phenomenon of health mobility: every year, about half a million patients are admitted in a region other than their region of residence. Therefore, it is time to think about a health-recovery plan, with the need to popularize the urgency of a holistic approach to health, and also to an overall improvement in the quality of all health services [30][31][32]. ...
Background: The suffering associated with a cancer diagnosis can find different channels to express itself: sleep disorders, psychiatric disorders, sexuality. These are not always analyzed by health professionals, but they have an impact on the patient’s quality of life and on the outcome of the disease. Methods: An observational study was conducted in order to investigate attitudes, knowledge and clinical practice towards psychological symptoms in cancer patients. Results: A total of 132 clinicians from all Italian regions responded. In total, 99.2% (n = 131) considered the figure of the psychologist useful in the oncology field and recommended him/her in clinical practice (n = 115; 87.7%), especially in the terminal phase of the illness (58.6%; n = 99). Despite the importance given to the figure of the psychologist, psychiatric disorders are not diagnosed. Only 20.0% (n = 26) identified depressive disorder as accurate and only 33.9% (n = 43) identified demoralization syndrome as accurate. Conclusions: Results prove the need for training on psychological disorders in oncology and the emotional repercussions of cancer illness.
... 21 . The same sample was investigated by the author for another publication, reporting the BMI of nurses 22 : in order to avoid bias, we summarized only the first. ...
Introduction: A nurse is a healthcare professional who deals with health in an increasingly older world, and it is essential to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight nurses and make a comparison with the general population.Methods: A systematic review was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cinahl Plus; only primary studies conducted in Italy were considered, starting from 01/01/2013.Results: The range of nurses with BMI ≥ 25 ranged from 29.6% to over 62%. Shi work, especially night shi s, is a risk factor for incurring a BMI ≥ 25.Conclusions: It is important to seek a policy of reducing the BMI among nurses, as the nursing population faces the risk of incurring overweight and obesity conditions, even if in smaller terms than the general population.
biettivo: Indagare la soddisfazione professionale e il benessere percepito dagli Infermieri che lavorano in Salute Mentale, focalizzandosi sugli “stressors” ai quali, gli stessi, sono esposti quotidianamente: il processo decisionale, la responsabilità infermieristica, la competenza professionale, il lavoro d’équipe e il rapporto di leadership. Metodi: Sono stati reclutati infermieri che lavorano nelle strutture psichiatriche e più precisamente nei Dipartimenti di Salute Mentale (DSM) sia a livello ospedaliero, nei Servizi Psichiatrici di Diagnosi e Cura (SPDC) sia a livello territoriale nei Centri di Salute Mentale (CSM), nelle Strutture Residenziali (SRTR, SRSR) e nelle strutture semiresidenziali quali i Centri Diurni (CD). Sono stati raccolti dati sociodemografici, quali: sesso, età, stato civile, titolo di studio, luogo di lavoro e area geografica di servizio. E’ stato utilizzato il “Questionario di Copenaghen (COPSOQ): questionario sulle condizioni di lavoro psicosociale, salute e benessere”. Risultati: In totale 58 Infermieri di Salute Mentale hanno partecipato allo studio. Dalla valutazione delle associazioni esistenti tra le caratteristiche socio-demografiche e le tre dimensioni del questionario di Copenaghen non si evidenza alcuna associazione lineare, tranne per i livelli di soddisfazione rilevati: gli Infermieri che lavorano presso i Centri di Salute Mentale (CSM) o nei Servizi Psichiatrici di Diagnosi e Cura (SPDC), registrano un livello significativamente più alto di soddisfazione nel proprio lavoro (p=.016), rispetto ai colleghi che lavorano nelle strutture di riabilitazione psichiatrica. Conclusioni: Dai risultati ottenuti è emerso come la Responsabilità, la Competenza e la Professione incidano sulla soddisfazione del personale infermieristico e di quanto, la stessa, influenzi questi fattori.
Introduction:
The present study aimed at all the benefits induced by taking the Mediterranean or Japanese diet among nurses and whether any beneficial differences in intakes between the two diets were considered.
Methods:
The author searched PubMed and Embase databases for medical subheadings terms and free full text referring to "Diet," "Mediterranean," "Japanese," and "Nurses" before 31st December 2022.
Results:
A total of 14 studies were included in this scoping review, which better underlined all the benefits implicated in the Mediterranean or Japanese diets assumption and also if there were any differences between the two diets. These eating behaviors were exclusively investigated among nurses.
Conclusion:
The nursing profession has always been considered the most stressful healthcare activity. However, some important concerns in the regular lifestyle, such as eating and physical activity, might help to live better.
Background
Little is known about the burden that overweight and obesity impose on Dutch society. The aim of this study is to examine this burden in terms of cost-of-illness and health-related quality of life.
Method
A bottom-up, prevalence-based burden of disease study from a societal perspective was performed. Cost-of-illness information including healthcare costs, patient and family costs, and other costs was obtained via the Treatment Inventory of Costs in Patients with psychiatric disorders (TiC-P) questionnaire. Health-related quality of life was assessed through the EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L) and the BODY-Q instruments. Non-parametric bootstrapping was applied to test for significant differences in costs. Subgroup analyses were performed on all outcomes.
Results
A total of 97 people with overweight and obesity completed the survey. Per respondent, mean healthcare costs were €2907, patient and family costs were €4037, and other costs were €4519, leading to a total societal cost of €11,463 per respondent per year. Total costs were significantly higher for respondents with obesity versus overweight and between low & intermediate versus highly educated respondents. The mean utility score of our population was 0.81. A significantly lower utility score was found for respondents with obesity in comparison with respondents with overweight. BODY-Q results show that respondents with obesity scored a significantly lower Rasch-score than did respondents with overweight in three scales. Respondents with a high education level and having paid work scored significantly higher Rasch-scores in two scales than did those with a low education level and without having paid work. The age group 19–29 have significantly higher Rasch-scores in three scales than respondents in the other two age categories.
Conclusions
Overweight and obesity have a considerable impact on the societal costs and on health-related quality of life. The results show that the impact of overweight and obesity go beyond the healthcare sector, as the other costs have the biggest share of the total costs. Another interesting finding of this study is that obesity leads to significant higher costs and lower health-related quality of life than overweight. These findings draw attention to policy making, as collective prevention and effective treatment are needed to reduce this burden.
Energy metabolism is tightly linked with circadian rhythms, exposure to ambient light, sleep/wake, fasting/eating, and rest/activity cycles. External factors, such as shift work, lead to a disruption of these rhythms, often called circadian misalignment. Circadian misalignment has an impact on some physiological markers. However, these proxy measurements do not immediately translate into major clinical health outcomes, as shown by later detrimental health effects of shift work and cardio-metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the effects of shift work on circadian rhythms and its implications in cardio-metabolic disorders and eating patterns. Shift work appears to be a risk factor of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, elevated blood pressure, and the metabolic syndrome. However, past studies showed discordant findings regarding the changes of lipid profile and eating patterns. Most studies were either small and short lab studies, or bigger and longer cohort studies, which could not measure health outcomes in a detailed manner. These two designs explain the heterogeneity of shift schedules, occupations, sample size, and methods across studies. Given the burden of non-communicable diseases and the growing concerns about shift workers' health, novel approaches to study shift work in real contexts are needed and would allow a better understanding of the interlocked risk factors and potential mechanisms involved in the onset of metabolic disorders.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of rotating night shift work with body fat percentage (BF%) and fat mass index (FMI). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 435 female steelworkers, aged 26–57 years in Tangshan, China. BF% was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis and FMI was calculated. Different exposure metrics of night shift work were used to examine the effects of night shift work on BF% and FMI. The duration (years), cumulative number (nights), and cumulative length of night shifts (hours) were positively correlated with FMI and BF%, and these relationships were independent of body mass index (BMI). Compared with day workers, night shift workers with an average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month (odds ratio (OR) 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 5.35) and percentage of hours on night shifts >30% (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.21 to 5.39) had elevated odds of obesity (BF% ≥ 35.0%). Nonobese night shift workers by the BMI criterion should also be alert to the risk of the excess accumulation of body fat, which is actually responsible for most obesity-associated adverse health consequences. Health interventions for related populations need to be improved, which is currently more focused on overall weight control.
Background:
Previous research on nurses during pandemics has focused on nurses working in one facility or type of unit; this study focuses on nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in a variety of units in different sites across the United States.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of registered nurses working with hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
Methods:
This study used a hermeneutic phenomenology design. Semistructured interviews via telephone were conducted and then transcribed verbatim. Colaizzi's method of analysis was used. Data saturation was achieved with 14 participants.
Results:
Three major themes were evident. They were "the human connection," "the nursing burden," and "coping." Subthemes were identified under each major theme.
Discussion:
This study depicted nurses who are caring, empathetic, and resilient. They had many recommendations for fellow nurses, the public, and health care organizations.
Background and aim of the work:
The present study aimed to identify the potential psychological malaise factors affecting the Italian nurses on the front lines of Covid-19 patient care since evidence suggested that they are at high risk of developing psychological disorders.
Methods:
An online questionnaire was administered to 291 Italian nurses, containing information on: sex, years of work experience, region of Italy where nurses worked and the intensive care unit assignment. Then, the anxiety disorders, the impact of the event, the depression and the insomnia conditions and their principal psychological factors influencing nurses during the health emergency. were assessed Results. Nurses worked in Northern Italy registered higher anxiety scores than others (p=0.023); the assignment to the intensive care unit (p=0.042) not influenced these scores. The total impact of event (IES-R) values evidenced that women recorded higher "Avoidance" (p=0.032) and "Hyperarousal" (p=0.003) values than men. The nurses who worked in Northern Italy recorded higher scores of "Hyperarousal" (p=0.010) and IES-R total (p=0.044). More women than men showed insomnia conditions (p=0.038) and nurses with a number of years of work experience not exceeding 10 years recorded greater levels of depression than the others (p=0.031). The psychological factors affected nurses included: the "Pleasure/Interest" dimension which correlated with the "Uncontrollable Thinking" (p=0.007), the "Unsatisfactory sleep/wake rhythm" (p=0.004), and the "Unmanageable pain and weakness" (p=0.001).
Conclusions:
Urgent need to intervene with psychological support programs for health professionals, such as nurses who are facing the health emergency from Covid-19 on the front line.
Aim
To investigate the experience of Italian nurses during the first wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak by analysing professional social media posts.
Background
The COVID‐19 outbreak has overwhelmed health care institutions; as a consequence, nurses’ lives and psycho‐physical health have been affected.
Introduction
The COVID‐19 pandemic forced nurses to work in physically and psychologically stressful conditions impacting on their life.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive study. All narratives (texts and videos) posted by nurses from the 23rd of February 2020 to the 3rd of May (from the start of the outbreak to the end of the first lockdown) were analysed and published on the five most popular Italian professional social media platforms. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines were followed.
Results
Five themes emerged from the 380 narratives explored: ‘Sharing what is happening within myself’; ‘Experiencing unprecedented working conditions’; ‘Experiencing a deep change’; ‘Failing to rehabilitate the image of nurses in society’; and ‘Do not abandon us’. Even though nurses appreciated the recognition of their communities, they still felt devalued and not recognized as professionals.
Discussion
Several psychological, physical, social and professional implications emerged from nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Despite being highly praised, nurses perceived they had failed in rehabilitating the image of nurses in society.
Conclusion
The experience of working during the COVID‐19 pandemic represented a traumatic event for nurses but it offered them personal and professional growth opportunities.
Implications for nursing practice, nursing policy and health policy
Supporting nurses’ mental health is highly recommended, together with a cultural investment on nurses’ role recognition, and a zero‐tolerance policy towards violence and aggression towards nurses.
Many studies have been conducted regarding the association between night work and diabetes, but the association between impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and night work is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate this association using the Special Health Examination (SHEW) for Korean night workers. Laboratory, questionnaire, and physical examination data were collected for 80,077 manual workers between 2014 and 2016 from Korea Medical Institute, and associations of the data with IFG were evaluated using a multivariate logistic regression model. The odds ratios for IFG among those who worked night shifts for 2~5 years, 5~12 years, and 12 years or over (ref: <2 years) after adjusting for abdominal obesity were 1.14 (0.90–1.45), 1.41 (1.10–1.81), and 1.75 (1.41–2.19), respectively. A dose–response relationship was identified between the duration of night work and the prevalence of IFG (p for trend <0.05). A dose relationship remained significant when a subgroup of non-obese participants was analyzed. We identified an association and a dose–response relationship between the number of years of night work and IFG. To prevent the development of diabetes in night workers, we suggest that they should be pre-emptively screened and treated from the stage of IFG.
Background and aim:
Job burnout is the psychosocial judgement of the physical and psychological tiredness result to the prolongation emotional pressure associated to the job. This study purposed to assess burnout prevalence among Italian nurses who worked in different contexts.
Method:
Burnout was assessed by the Italian version of the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey. Data were collected in July and August 2019.
Results:
300 Italian nurses voluntary participated in this study. Questionnaire were administered by Google Forms application, were all Italian nurses could participate.
Conclusion:
Emotional Exhaustion (EE) is the most representative dimension of burnout. This outcome becomes more acute with greater age and seniority in the position, due to the stress and monotony encountered and/or job dissatisfaction.
Objectives
The cross‐sectional study aimed to analyze the association between burnout, work‐related factors, and metabolic syndrome (Mets) in nurses from several departments of a tertiary hospital in Taiwan. Exploring biomarkers could provide for prevention.
Methods
Demographic data were obtained through a written questionnaire and include the following information: gender, age, education level, psychosocial and work situations, such as departments, working hours, work shift, depression, and sleep time. Burnout was evaluated according to the Chinese Burnout inventory, Mets was evaluated according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program of Taiwan—Treatment Panel for Adults III (NCEP‐ATP III).
Results
A total of 1758 nurses participated with a median age of 35.2 years. The prevalence of burnout and Mets was 6.4% and 13.84%, respectively. The results showed that burnout induced higher risk of Mets, odds ratio (OR) 1.70 (95% confidence interval, 1.04‐3.05). Other factors, such as out‐patient nurses, seniority (4‐10 and >10 years), working hours (51‐59 h/wk), nigh shift, Brief Symptom Rating Scale‐5 (score 10‐14 and ≧15), poor self‐rated health status, and inadequate sleep time, led to higher risk of Mets. Biomarkers research showed that Glycated hemoglobin (Hba1c) was significantly associated with burnout nurses (OR = 24.72, P < .001), but thyroid‐stimulating hormone and free thyroxin were not.
Conclusions
Results suggested positive associations between burnout and Mets in nurses. For nurses with higher seniority, long hours of work, night shifts, poor physical and mental conditions, and poor lifestyle habits in different departments, strategies are needed to prevent burnout and Mets.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, distress, and insomnia and related factors in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. We applied the study survey online to HCWs during the pandemic in Turkey between 23 April and 23 May 2020. We used the sociodemographic data form, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, General Anxiety Disorder-7, Insomnia Severity Index, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Six hundred twenty (66.0%) of the 939 HCWs taking part in the study were female, 580 (61.8%) were physicians, 569 (60.6%) were working on the front line. Seven hundred twenty-nine (77.6%) participants exhibited depression, 565 (60.2%) anxiety, 473 (50.4%) insomnia, and 717 (76.4%) distress symptoms. Depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms were significantly greater among females, individuals with a history of psychiatric illness, and individuals receiving psychiatric support during the COVID-19 pandemic. HCWs serving in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic experienced high levels of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress symptoms. Female gender, being a nurse, working on the front line, history of psychiatric illness, and being tested for COVID-19 were identified as risk factors for mental health problems.
Conflict of interest Each author declares that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g. consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangement etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. Abstract Objective: The aim of this research was to explore the food frequency assumption among a sample of school children by assessing nursing interventions in eating education. Design: A correlation study was performed to assess the effectiveness of nursing education in healthy eating among schoolchildren. Setting: Anthropometric parameters were recorded and a Food Frequency Questionnaire was performed by participants and their parents at the enrollment moment (T0) and after six months (T1) from the nursing educational reunion. Participants: 33 schoolchildren who attended the elementary school were enrolled after their parents gave their consents to participation. Results: Differences between BMI were not significant as well as we consider the sex subgroups. Conclusion: Child care contexts provide a salient chance to control children's eating habits in preschool and school age thanks to knowledge of healthy eating lifestyles.
Background:
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationships between night shift work, eating habits and body mass index (BMI) among Lebanese nurses.
Methods:
A total of 307 nurses were randomly selected from five hospitals located in Beirut. Data about demographic and professional characteristics, anthropometric measures, dietary habits and intakes were collected through a validated questionnaire. To study the relationship between night shift work, eating habits and BMI, chi-square test, t-test and logistic regressions were used.
Results:
The majority of nurses (78. 2%) had irregular meals timing with a significant decrease in the number of complete meals consumed during the day and an increase in the number of snacks consumed during night (p < 0. 05). The most consumed snacks during night shifts were sweets and potato chips. The findings highlighted that BMI and waist circumference significantly increased with the number of years of work (r = 0.175; p < 0.05) and the cumulative number of night shifts hours over the entire work history (r = 0.135/p < 0. 05).
Conclusion:
Night shift work is positively associated with abnormal eating patterns and BMI among Lebanese nurses. However the increase in BMI is not related to eating habits.
Objective
The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) not only caused particularly large public health problems, but also caused great psychological distress, especially for medical staff. We aimed to investigate the prevalence rate of insomnia and to confirm the related social psychological factors among medical staff in hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak.
Method
Medical staff members in China were recruited, including frontline medical workers. The questionnaire, administered through the WeChat program, obtained demographic data and asked self-design questions related to the COVID-19 outbreak, insomnia/depressive/anxiety symptoms, and stress-related symptoms. We used a logistic regression analysis to examine the associations between sociodemographic factors and insomnia symptoms.
Result
There were a total of 1,563 participants in our study. Five-hundred-and-sixty-four (36.1%) participants had insomnia symptoms according to the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) (total score ≥ 8). A multiple binary logistic regression model revealed that insomnia symptoms were associated with an education level of high school or below (OR = 2.69, p = 0.042, 95% CI = 1.0–7.0), being a doctor (OR = 0.44, p = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.2–0.8), currently working in an isolation unit (OR = 1.71, p = 0.038, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), is worried about being infected (OR = 2.30, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 1.6–3.4), perceived lack of helpfulness in terms of psychological support from news or social media with regard to COVID-19 (OR = 2.10, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 1.3–3.3), and having very strong uncertainty regarding effective disease control (OR = 3.30, p = 0.013, 95% CI = 1.3–8.5).
Conclusion
Our study found that more than one-third of the medical staff suffered insomnia symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. The related factors included education level, an isolation environment, psychological worries about the COVID-19 outbreak, and being a doctor. Interventions for insomnia among medical staff are needed considering the various sociopsychological factors at play in this situation.
COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has currently infected >300,000 globally. Fever and cough are the most common symptoms of the disease, and it is important to remember that the virus can even be transmitted by individuals who test positive for the disease but do not have any symptoms. Currently reported mortality rates vary because of the rapid spread of the disease and different approaches to calculating this estimate, but it is clear that the risk of death is associated with age and the presence of underlying conditions. Risk mitigation techniques (i.e., hand washing, social distancing, and self-isolation) have already been emphasized across major news outlets. It is essential that we continue these practices, as the outbreak is currently expected to last for many more months and we must be mindful of the lessons learned from past pandemics to prevent a second wave from occurring. Copyright
Background:
Since an association has been found between diet and psychological problems, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between dietary habits and psychological problems among Iranian adults.
Methods:
Data on dietary habits and psychological problems among 9965 adults were provided from the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study, a population-based cohort research on Iranian adults. The association between dietary habits and psychological problems was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis.
Results:
After the adjustment for confounders, fast food and fried food consumptions were associated with increased depressive [odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.20] and stress symptoms (OR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.46-4.18), respectively. Eating breakfast had a protective role on stress features (OR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.39-0.92), while snack intake was related to higher odds of depressive (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.01-1.84), anxiety (OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.55-2.56) and stress symptoms (OR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.23-2.54). There was also an inverse association between sweetened drink consumption and depressive (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.96), anxiety (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.62-0.93), and stress features (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.55-0.97; OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.48-0.82).
Conclusions:
Even though an inverse relationship was found between sweetened drinks intake and psychological problems, snack consumption was associated with higher chances of them. Eating breakfast had a protective effect on stress symptoms, while fast food and fried food intakes were related to increased depressive and stress features chances, respectively.
The inconsistent results of epidemiologic studies suggest that the health effects of coffee vary depending on coffee consumption pattern, such as the type and amount of coffee intake. This study investigated the association between coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. In total, coffee consumption patterns in 14,132 participants were assessed based on two-day, 24-h recall data. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between the type and daily servings of coffee and the prevalence of MetS. In women, the prevalence of MetS (odds ratio (OR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70, 0.96), elevated triglycerides (0.85; 0.75, 0.97), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C; 0.74; 0.66, 0.83) in 3-in-1 coffee consumers, as well as the prevalence of increased waist circumference (0.81; 0.68, 0.98) and reduced HDL-C (0.68; 0.59, 0.80) in black coffee consumers, were significantly lower compared to non-coffee consumers. Also, the inverse associations between total coffee intake, black coffee intake, and 3-in-1 coffee intake with MetS or components of MetS were more significant in individuals who consumed >1 versus ≤1 serving/day. In conclusion, coffee consumption (regardless of type) was associated with a reduced prevalence of MetS and its components in Korean women.
The relationship between alcohol consumption and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is not consistent and may vary between populations, depending on age, sex, ethnicity, cultural traditions and lifestyle. We have hypothesized that moderate alcohol consumption will be associated with the lowest risk of the syndrome. The aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between the current consumption of alcohol and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components. The research material includes data obtained from 12,285 men and women, in the age range of 37–66 years. Multiple logistic regression was used in the statistical analysis. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation. In men, a current consumption of >30 g of alcohol/day was significantly associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.25–2.39), high blood pressure (OR = 2.76, 95% CI = 1.64–4.65), elevated glucose concentration (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.24–2.32), and abdominal obesity (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.07–2.92). In women, the consumption from 10.1 to 15.0 g of alcohol was associated only with a higher risk of abnormal glucose concentration (OR = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.14–2.38.) In both sexes, current alcohol consumption was associated with higher high-density lipoproteins (HDL)-cholesterol concentration (p < 0.05). No relationship was found between alcohol consumption and triglyceride concentration. It is difficult to formulate unequivocal recommendations regarding alcohol intake in MetS prophylaxis due to its different association with particular MetS components. In order to explain the causal relationship between alcohol consumption and MetS and its components, prospective studies are necessary.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the frequency and quantity of coffee consumption and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Health Examinees study. A total of 130 420 participants (43 682 men and 86 738 women) were included in our study. Coffee consumption was categorized into 5 categories (0, <1, 1, 2–3, and ≥4 cups/day). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervalS (CIs) using multivariate logistic regression. In this study population, the prevalence of MetS was 12 701 (29.1%) in men and 21 338 (24.6%) in women. High coffee consumption (≥4 cups/day) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS compared with non-coffee consumers (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.70–0.90, p for trend <0.0001 in men; OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.62–0.78, p for trend <0.0001 in women). The multivariable-adjusted ORs for high fasting glucose decreased with increasing levels of coffee consumption in men (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.54–0.67, p for trend <0.0001) and women (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.63–0.79, p for trend <0.0001). For women, the multivariable-adjusted ORs for hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.75–0.93, p for trend = 0.0007) decreased with increasing levels of coffee consumption. We found that coffee consumption was inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean men and women. Our study warrants further prospective cohort studies.
Unfavourable dietary behaviours of female nurses, especially among shift-working nurses, including high snacking frequency, short fasting period and large day-to-day energy intake variability may be linked with adverse health. In this study we: (1) examined the relationship between dietary behaviour and cardiometabolic and psychological health in female nurses; and, (2) compared dietary behaviour, cardiometabolic and psychological health between shift-working and non-shift-working female nurses. A total of 73 nurses had their cardiometabolic health indicators evaluated and completed psychological health questionnaires; 55 completed a 3-day dietary log. Associations between dietary behaviour and health measures were examined using Spearman’s partial correlation analysis. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare dietary behaviour and health indicators between shift- and non-shift-working nurses. The majority of snacks consumed by nurses (70%) were unhealthy snacks (e.g., chocolate and chips), and higher snacking frequency was associated with greater percent body fat (r(50) = 0.287, p = 0.039), and worse mood-tension (r(48) = 0.327, p = 0.021) and anger-hostility (r(48) = 0.289, p = 0.042) scores. Day-to-day energy intake variability was positively associated with body mass index (BMI, r(50) = 0.356, p = 0.010) and waist circumference (r(50) = 0.283, p = 0.042). Shift-working nurses exhibited shorter fasting duration, larger day-to-day energy intake variability and higher total mood disturbance score when compared to their non-shift-working colleagues (all p < 0.05). The results of the present study suggested that addressing dietary behaviours may improve the cardiometabolic and psychological health of female nurses. Shift-working nurses may require a more specific dietary program to improve their psychological health.
Purpose
To evaluate the relationship between anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic health in shift workers compared to non-shift workers.
Methods
A population health study was conducted with 4155 shift workers and 8258 non-shift workers from the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow’s Health (PATH) cohort. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the differences in anthropometric measures (body adiposity) and self-reported cardiometabolic disease outcomes (obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) between shift workers and non-shift workers.
Results
There was a significant increased risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes among shift workers compared to matched controls despite higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of sedentary behaviour. Shift workers were 17% more likely to be obese (95% CI 7–27) and 27% more likely to have diabetes (95% CI 8–51). The strength of this association was demonstrated by also controlling for body mass index and fat mass index.
Conclusions
Shift work is associated with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes despite higher levels of physical activity and lower levels of sedentary behaviour. The association between shift work and cardiometabolic health was independent of body mass index for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and independent of fat mass index for diabetes.
Full text https://rdcu.be/bLVoC
Background and objectives: Burnout is a syndrome typically occurring in work environments with continuous and chronic stress. Physicians are at increased risk for burnout, as a result of 24-hour work, delayed work–life balance gratification, and the challenges associated with patient care. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychological parameters of burnout symptoms in relation to biomarkers of stress among physicians with different medical specialties. Materials and methods: A total of 303 physicians were contacted as potential participants. A comparison group of 111 individuals working outside medicine was used as a control to verify the results. The physicians were specialists in internal medicine, general surgery, pathology, and primary care. Serum cortisol, salivary cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin (IRI), and prolactin levels were analyzed by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (Access 2, Beckman Coulter). Fasting glucose in serum and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) in whole blood were measured using the automatic analyzer AU 480 Beckman Coulter system. Symptoms of burnout were measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: The group with burnout presented significantly higher levels of serum and saliva cortisol, ACTH, prolactin, fasting glucose, and HbA1C compared with the control group. The correlation analysis between biomarkers showed a positive correlation with moderate strength between serum and saliva cortisol (r = 0.516, p = 0.01),as well as serum and saliva cortisol with ACTH (r = 0.418; r = 0.412, p = 0.01) and HbA1C (r = 0.382; r = 0.395, p = 0.01). A weak positive correlation was found between serum and saliva cortisol with prolactin (r = 0.236; r = 0.267, p < 0.01) and glucose (r = 0.271; r = 0.297, p < 0.01). In the multiple logistic regression model, saliva cortisol, HbA1C, and age were significantly associated with burnout (chi-square = 16.848, p < 0.032). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated the interest of exploring biomarkers of stress related to burnout in health professionals.
The shift work system may affect the temporal distribution of eating and diet quality. The paper aimed at reviewing a body of research
examining the associations between night shift work and dietary habits among nurses. Data from the PubMed and Google Schoolar
databases, as well as references lists in selected papers were searched. The authors used the following keywords: nurses, shift work,
diet, nutrition. Papers published in English or Polish were selected for the review, and as many as 19 papers published in 2000−2017
were eventually identified. The studies varied greatly with respect to the study size, subjects’ age and the duration of night shift
work. The major problem was the heterogeneity of the tools used for dietary assessment. Self-administered questionnaires were used
and analyses were rarely adjusted for confounders. Alcohol consumption was the most frequently analyzed aspect (N = 8 studies),
followed by the total energy (N = 7), protein, fat (N = 6), and carbohydrate intake, coffee and fruit consumption (N = 5). The results
showed quite a consistent association of night work with higher coffee (caffeine) consumption, as well as lower alcohol, and fruit and
vegetables consumption. Few studies also reported more frequent snacks consumption, later time of the last meal, eating at night,
meals irregularity, and a poorer diet quality among night shift nurses when compared to the reference. The review showed some poor
nutritional habits among nurses working night shifts. However, the topic warrants further attention, owing to the relatively small
number of the studies performed so far, and their numerous methodological limitations. Med Pr. 2019;70(3):363–76
The influence of meal frequency and timing on health and disease has been a topic of interest for many years. While epidemiological evidence indicates an association between higher meal frequencies and lower disease risk, experimental trials have shown conflicting results. Furthermore, recent prospective research has demonstrated a significant increase in disease risk with a high meal frequency (≥6 meals/day) as compared to a low meal frequency (1-2 meals/day). Apart from meal frequency and timing we also have to consider breakfast consumption and the distribution of daily energy intake, caloric restriction, and night-time eating. A central role in this complex scenario is played by the fasting period length between two meals. The physiological underpinning of these interconnected variables may be through internal circadian clocks, and food consumption that is asynchronous with natural circadian rhythms may exert adverse health effects and increase disease risk. Additionally, alterations in meal frequency and meal timing have the potential to influence energy and macronutrient intake.A regular meal pattern including breakfast consumption, consuming a higher proportion of energy early in the day, reduced meal frequency (i.e., 2-3 meals/day), and regular fasting periods may provide physiological benefits such as reduced inflammation, improved circadian rhythmicity, increased autophagy and stress resistance, and modulation of the gut microbiota
Background: Insomnia is the most prevalent sleep disorder, but it is widely untreated and under-diagnosed in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, no tool to screen insomnia has been validated in the Saudi population in general or nurses in particular. This study, therefore, assessed the psychometric validity of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) in Saudi nurses.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was performed with nurses (n=134, age=21–48 years) from Al Majmaah, Saudi Arabia. Both conventional and online survey methods using the ISI, a brief measure of metacognition, and a socio-demographics questionnaire were employed.
Results: No ceiling or floor effects were found in the ISI total score (8.84±5.07) or the factor scores, but the floor effect was found in the item scores. A two-factor model showed the best fit (Pclose: .97, comparative fit index [CFI]: 1.00, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA]: 0.00, non-significant χ2test, χ2/df: 0.904). This model showed favorable configural, metric, scalar, and partial strict invariance across gender groups (CFI>.95, RMSEA<.05, χ2/df<3, non-significant Δχ2, ΔCFI≤.01). The internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach’s alpha=0.75, 0.78 for the two factors of the ISI). The lack of correlations between the ISI scores and the scores of the brief measure of the metacognition favored its divergent validity.
Conclusion: The ISI showed adequate psychometric validity for screening insomnia among Saudi nurses.
This study aimed to explore the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among various employee groups at a Taiwan hospital.
We retrospectively compared the prevalence of MS, as defined by the Taiwan Department of Health, among employee groups (physicians, nurses, medical technicians, and administrative staff) at a medical center in northern Taiwan in 2011. Total cholesterol was used in lieu of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol values.
The overall prevalence of MS among the 1673 men and 5117 women investigated was 12.0%. Physicians had the highest prevalence of MS (18.3%). Abdominal obesity and high blood sugar were the most (29.3%) and least (10.5%) prevalent abnormalities, respectively.
The hospital employees had a moderate prevalence of MS. Physicians and administrative staff members had higher prevalence of MS than the other populations.
Background: This study evaluated the prevalence, predictors and effects of Shift Work Sleep Disorder (SWSD) among nurses in a Nigerian teaching hospital.
Methods: Eighty-eight nurses (44 each from the pool of shift and non-shift nurses), who emerged by simple random sampling, participated in the study. Socio-demographic data and health complaints were obtained with questionnaires. Each participant was assessed with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), insomnia severity index (ISI) and sleep log, while SWSD cases were ascertained by applying the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-2) criteria. Body mass index, blood pressure, body temperature and salivary cortisol levels were also determined.
Results: Generally, results showed that the shift group; comprising of shift nurses, recorded higher values of biophysical profiles and more health complaints than the non-shift group (control); comprising of non-shift nurses. Also, 19 (43.2%) of the shift nurses fulfilled the criteria for SWSD, on this basis, the shift group was divided into two: SWSD (n = 19) and No SWSD (n = 25). And within the shift group, the SWSD group had higher systolic (p = 0.014), diastolic (p = 0.012), and mean arterial (p = 0.009) blood pressures; they also recorded higher temperature (p = 0.001) , higher salivary cortisol levels (p = 0.027) and more health complaints.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that rotating shift work among nurses is associated with increased level of health complaints and physiologic indices of stress as well as sleep impairment.
Keywords: Nurses, Shift work sleep disorder, Circadian rhythm, Cortisol, Nigerian-Africans
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine sex disparity in metabolic syndrome prevalence and its risk factors among Chinese adults.
Methods
Using the 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS), a nationally representative cross-sectional study on nutrition and non-communicable chronic diseases, a total of 98,042 participants aged 18 years and older were included in the analysis. Dietary information was collected with a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the updated NCEP ATP III criteria. A multivariable logistic regression model was performed to examine the associations between sociodemographic and dietary factors with metabolic syndrome prevalence, and the results are presented using odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results
The overall standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 24.2% (24.6% in men and 23.8% in women). The metabolic syndrome prevalence was positively associated with age in men and women. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was negatively associated with the physical activity level among men and inversely associated with the education level among women (P for trend < 0.01). Frequent consumption of fungi and algae was an underlying risk factor for metabolic syndrome in men, whereas frequent consumption of nuts and pork was associated with a decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in women.
Conclusions
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in men was not different from that in women. There are sex-specific associations between multiple risk factors and metabolic syndrome.
Objectives The aim of this review was to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events associated with shift work and determine if there is a dose-response relationship in this association. Method Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for cohort or case-control control study designs in any population, reporting exposure to shift work as the main contributing factor to estimate CVD risk. For each study, adjusted relative risk (RR) ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted, and used to calculate the pooled RR using random-effect models. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore potential heterogeneity sources. Potential non-linear dose-response relationships were examined using fractional polynomial models. Results We included 21 studies with a total of 173 010 unique participants. The majority of the studies were ranked low-to-moderate risk of bias. The risk of any CVD event was 17% higher among shift workers than day workers. The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) morbidity was 26% higher (1.26, 95% CI 1.10-1.43, I 2= 48.0%). Sub-group analysis showed an almost 20% higher risk of CVD and CHD mortality among shift workers than those who did not work shifts (1.22, 95% CI 1.09-1.37, I 2= 0% and 1.18, 95% CI 1.06-1.32 I 2=0%; respectively). After the first five years of shift work, there was a 7.1% increase in risk of CVD events for every additional five years of exposure (95% CI 1.05-1.10). Heterogeneity of the pooled effect size (ES) estimates was high (I 2=67%), and meta-regression analysis showed that sample size explained 7.7% of this. Conclusions The association between shift work and CVD risk is non-linear and seems to appear only after the first five years of exposure. As shift work remains crucial for meeting production and service demands across many industries, policies and initiatives are needed to reduce shift workers' CVD risk.
Objective
To estimate obesity prevalence among healthcare professionals in England and compare prevalence with those working outside of the health services.
Design
Cross-sectional study based on data from 5 years (2008–2012) of the nationally representative Health Survey for England.
Setting
England.
Participants
20 103 adults aged 17–65 years indicating they were economically active at the time of survey classified into four occupational groups: nurses (n=422), other healthcare professionals (n=412), unregistered care workers (n=736) and individuals employed in non-health-related occupations (n=18 533).
Outcome measure
Prevalence of obesity defined as body mass index ≥30.0 with 95% CIs and weighted to reflect the population.
Results
Obesity prevalence was high across all occupational groups including: among nurses (25.1%, 95% CI 20.9% to 29.4%); other healthcare professionals (14.4%, 95% CI 11.0% to 17.8%); non-health-related occupations (23.5%, 95% CI 22.9% to 24.1%); and unregistered care workers who had the highest prevalence of obesity (31.9%, 95% CI 28.4% to 35.3%). A logistic regression model adjusted for sociodemographic composition and survey year indicated that, compared with nurses, the odds of being obese were significantly lower for other healthcare professionals (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.52, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.75) and higher for unregistered care workers (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.93). There was no significant difference in obesity prevalence between nurses and people working in non-health-related occupations (aOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.18).
Conclusions
High obesity prevalence among nurses and unregistered care workers is concerning as it increases the risks of musculoskeletal conditions and mental health conditions that are the main causes of sickness absence in health services. Further research is required to better understand the reasons for high obesity prevalence among healthcare professionals in England to inform interventions to support individuals to achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
Background: Scientific evidence for the optimal number, timing, and size of meals is lacking.
Objective: We investigated the relation between meal frequency and timing and changes in body mass index (BMI) in the Adventist Health Study 2 (AHS-2), a relatively healthy North American cohort.
Methods: The analysis used data from 50,660 adult members aged ≥30 y of Seventh-day Adventist churches in the United States and Canada (mean ± SD follow-up: 7.42 ± 1.23 y). The number of meals per day, length of overnight fast, consumption of breakfast, and timing of the largest meal were exposure variables. The primary outcome was change in BMI per year. Linear regression analyses (stratified on baseline BMI) were adjusted for important demographic and lifestyle factors.
Results: Subjects who ate 1 or 2 meals/d had a reduction in BMI per year (in kg · m⁻² · y⁻¹) (−0.035; 95% CI: −0.065, −0.004 and −0.029; 95% CI: −0.041, −0.017, respectively) compared with those who ate 3 meals/d. On the other hand, eating >3 meals/d (snacking) was associated with a relative increase in BMI (P < 0.001). Correspondingly, the BMI of subjects who had a long overnight fast (≥18 h) decreased compared with those who had a medium overnight fast (12–17 h) (P < 0.001). Breakfast eaters (−0.029; 95% CI: −0.047, −0.012; P < 0.001) experienced a decreased BMI compared with breakfast skippers. Relative to subjects who ate their largest meal at dinner, those who consumed breakfast as the largest meal experienced a significant decrease in BMI (−0.038; 95% CI: −0.048, −0.028), and those who consumed a big lunch experienced a smaller but still significant decrease in BMI than did those who ate their largest meal at dinner.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that in relatively healthy adults, eating less frequently, no snacking, consuming breakfast, and eating the largest meal in the morning may be effective methods for preventing long-term weight gain. Eating breakfast and lunch 5–6 h apart and making the overnight fast last 18–19 h may be a useful practical strategy.
Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico (SM) entre las enfermeras del Hospital Juan A. Fernández (HJAF) y determinar si trabajo, descanso, dieta y estado de salud son sus predictores.
Material y métodos: Para el primer objetivo, el diseño del estudio es descriptivo, observacional y transversal. Para el segundo, comparación de muestras independientes, multivariable, observacional y transversal. Se estudió a 192 enfermeras entre octubre de 2008 y marzo de 2009. Se les realizó una encuesta autoaplicable con indicadores que podrían ser predictores de SM. Se tomaron mediciones antropométricas, presión arterial y extracción sanguínea para analizar glucemia en ayunas, colesterol unido a lipoproteínas de alta densidad y triglicéridos plasmáticos.
Resultados: El 35 y el 41% del personal de enfermería tenían sobrepeso y obesidad respectivamente. Un 92% del total tenía obesidad centroabdominal. La prevalencia de SM hallada es del 33,3% (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 26,7%-40,5%). Las afectas de SM tenían una media de edad de 53 ± 9 años. En el análisis bivariable se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el SM y las variables edad, tiempo de ejercicio profesional, tiempo trabajado en turno de noche y estudios realizados.
Conclusiones: La prevalencia de SM de enfermeras del HJAF fue de 64/192 (33,3%; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 26,7%-40,5%). Frente a la edad, los indicadores tiempo trabajado durante turno noche y estudios realizados no muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Estos resultados indicarían que la edad es la variable más relevante para predecir la aparición de SM en la población de enfermeras.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a workshop on the relationship between body fatness and cancer, from which an IARC handbook on the topic will appear. An executive summary of the evidence is presented.
Aims:
Why are some healthy male shift workers (SWers) overweight [body mass index (BMI) >25 and <30] if not obese (BMI >30)? Seven risk factors potentially causing overweight and obesity were evaluated, namely (1) age, (2) physical/sports activity, (3) length of exposure to shift work (SW), (4) speed of shift rotation, (5) tolerance to SW, (6) internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms and (8) night eating (nocturnal nibbling). "New" as well as "old" data, acquired from longitudinal and individual time series of 5-56 days recording span, were reanalyzed. The data were analyzed from a set of field studies of 67 SWers and 53 non-shift workers (non-SWers). To estimate the respective weight of these factors, a multiple regression analysis (MRA) was used among other statistical tools. A similar age-related increase in BMI was validated (with p < 0.001) in both SWers and non-SWers. However, in SWers, desynchronization of rhythms increases the effect of age on BMI. Length of exposure to SW, tolerance to SW and speed of rotation do not seem to play a role as risk factors. Major effects are likely to relate to a sedentary lifestyle (lack of regular physical or sport activities) (MRA with p < 0.01), as well as, presumably, to a nocturnal nibbling of carbohydrates, which mimics the night eating syndrome.
Purpose: To analyze the differences in mindfulness level and emotional regulation skills, as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression subdimensions, according to sex and years of work experience in a sample of Italian nurses directly involved in the care of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Then, correlations were also performed in order to evidence relationships between the mindfulness tendency and the emotional regulation skills, both in cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, too. Design of study: Descriptive correlational study. Methods: In June 2020, an online questionnaire was administered. Data relating to sex and years of work experience, the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) in the cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression subdimensions were collected. Findings: Two hundred nurses were enrolled. Males recorded higher MAAS values compared to females (p = .001). No significant differences were registered in the MAAS scores according to years of work experience and regarding the ERQ subscales according to sex and work of experience, too. Also, any correlations were reported between MAAS and ERQ subscales. Conclusions: Future training on the basic principles of mindfulness and Emotion Regulation were considered a priority in nurses to better self-modulate their own beings, particularly during the pandemic period.
Background
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) infection provokes serious clinical consequences, which in many situations need hospitalization of the patient in Intensive Care Unit. Additionally, SARS-COV-2 infection can indirectly cause deaths in aged individuals as well as in patients with comorbidities.
Objective
To evaluate the effects of nutrition during the COVID-19 pandemic in both hospitalized patients and in the general population.
Methods
Authors searched Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google, and Institutional websites for medical subheadings terms and free full text referred to “SARS-CoV-2”, COVID-19”, “nutrition”, “immune system”, before 31st July 2020.
Results
A total of 20 articles describing different nutritional interventions for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection focusing on the general population have been included. Of these, 6 studies are dealing with nutritional interventions for patients with SARS-CoV2 infection and the others are focalized on a potential beneficial effect exerted by a Mediterranean-type diet, related to the supplementation of micronutrients and vitamins.
Conclusion
A correct lifestyle even including the consumption of nutrient largely present in MD, may be beneficial for preventing or improving prognosis in the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Background
The first wave of coronavirus disease 2019 was a global event for which nurses had limited time to prepare before receiving an influx of high-acuity patients and navigating new plans of care.
Objectives
To understand nurses’ lived experiences during the COVID-19 outbreak and to examine their resiliency.
Methods
A convergent mixed methods design was applied in this study. For the quantitative portion, resiliency was measured by using the Brief Resilience Coping Scale. Colaizzi’s phenomenological method was used for qualitative analysis.
Results
A total of 43 nurses participated in the study. The mean score on the Brief Resilience Coping Scale was 14.4. From 21 robust narratives, Colaizzi’s qualitative method yielded 5 themes to describe the experience of being a nurse during the pandemic.
Conclusions
Understanding the lived experience provides a unique lens through which to view nursing during a global pandemic, and it serves as a starting point to ensure future safeguards are in place to protect nurses’ well-being.
Background: the aim of this study was to evaluate the burnout syndrome among nurses who are engaged in the care of patients with coronavirus disease (cOviD-19). a cohort observational- survey study was carried among italian nurses who work in the italian intensive care Unit (icU) during the pandemic cOviD-19 period. MethODs: the questionnaire was published online on Google form, modules section, from March 25, 2020 to april 26, 2020. The questionnaire contained a first part of demographic data, as: gender, years of experience, if the nurse interviewed at the time of the pandemic cOviD-19 event was already working in an icU or if, due to the urgency of the context, he/she was transferred to an icU that was set up during this period. then, the Maslach Burnout inventory (MBi) questionnaire was administered to evaluate the burnout level among nurses who are in direct contact with critically ill patients with cOviD-19. resULts: 291 nurses answered the survey. With the MBi threshold values in mind, it can be seen that the clinical condition of burnout can be configured for all three dimensions, both for women and men. As regards the dimension of emotional exhaustion, female nurses are more exposed to the phenomenon than men (P<0.001). however, for the other two dimensions there are no statistically different differences between the two sexes (depersonalization: P=0.809; personal accomplishment: P=0.268). cOncLUsiOns: Burnout levels are high among nurses. surely the situation since cOviD-19 has accentuated the result, regardless of the years of experience or if the nurses have always worked in opposed intensive care units have been transferred due to the health emergency. also interesting is the aspect of the trend of burnout levels between female nurses who are they are more affected by emotional exhaustion than male nurses. © 2020 Edizioni Minerva Medica Online version at http://www.minervamedica.it
Background
A new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (COVID-19) infection was reported in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread, becoming a global health emergency. Literature shows how nursing work is particularly stressful and how this condition is closely connected to the development of anxiety disorders, sleep quality and can also influence eating behavior with consequent variations in BMI values.
Objective
The study aims to investigate and correlate the levels of anxiety, insomnia and Body Mass Index among nurses directly involved in the care of patients in the intensive care units with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
Method
An observatory study was conducted assessing and correlating the anxiety and insomnia levels and BMI values of each nurse before (until December 2019) and during (until May 2020) the pandemic.
Results
In total, 291 Italian nurses joined the study. There are no statistically significant differences between female nurses and male nurses for both groups of participants with or without anxiety (p=0.655). Female nurses with mild, moderate and severe insomnia levels were statistically more numerous than male nurses (p=0.025). For the same BMI differences, the levels of anxiety and insomnia were statistically significant between them (p<0.001).
Conclusion
Nurses engaged in the treatment of the most serious patients with Covid-19 are subjected to very high levels of stress due to the nature of the nursing job, shifting, poor rest, anxiety due to health emergency period and weight gain.
Objectives: We compared COVID-19 risk management, fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among frontline employees working within eldercare, hospital/rehabilitation, psychiatry, childcare and ambulance service and explored if group differences in fear of infection and transmission could be explained by differences in risk management. We also investigated the association of risk management with fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection among eldercare personnel.
Methods: We used cross-sectional questionnaire data collected by the Danish labour union, FOA . Data were collected 5½ weeks after the first case of COVID-19 was registered in Denmark. Data for the first aim included 2623 participants. Data for the second aim included 1680 participants. All independent variables were mutually adjusted and also adjusted for sex, age, job title and region.
Results: Fear of infection (49%) and fear of transmitting infection from work to the private sphere (68%) was most frequent in ambulance service. Fear of transmitting infection during work was most frequent in the eldercare (55%). Not all differences in fear of infection and transmission between the five areas of work were explained by differences in risk management. Among eldercare personnel, self-reported exposure to infection and lack of access to test was most consistently associated with fear of infection and fear of transmission, whereas lack of access to personal protective equipment was solely associated with fear of transmission.
Conclusion: We have illustrated differences and similarities in COVID-19 risk management within five areas of work and provide new insights into factors associated with eldercare workers' fear of infection and fear of transmission of infection.
Background:
The Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI) is a brief tool aimed to promptly assess primary care patients' overall physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. This study examines the relation between physical inactivity and sitting time (RADI) to cardiometabolic risk among primary care patients.
Methods:
Survey data and electronic medical record information were collated to explore the association between RADI scores (cumulative and sitting) to metabolic syndrome (and components) among women and men, using multivariable logistic regression.
Results:
Among women, the cumulative RADI score was not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the RADI sitting score was related to low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic syndrome. That is, a transition to a higher RADI sitting score by 1 unit (vs remaining in the score) was related with a 1.4 and 1.3 times higher odds for having low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.87) and metabolic syndrome (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.64), respectively. Among men, no significant relations were found.
Conclusions:
The RADI sitting score is positively and significantly related to high-density lipoprotein and metabolic syndrome among women, yet not men. Due to the RADI's potential clinical utility, future research should attempt to examine these relations in larger, more robust samples and adjudicated outcomes using a prospective design.
Background
The association of shiftwork and the risk of obesity in nurses has been inconsistent in the literature.
Objectives
We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize this association in nurses.
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception until April 2020 for studies that examined the relationship between shift work and obesity in nurses. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated using a fixed- or random-effect model. The quality of each study was evaluated by using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Two researchers independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. The whole process followed the PRISMA statement.
Results
We included 11 eligible studies with a total of 74,651 nurses in this study. All of the studies were found to be low or moderate risk of bias according to the ROBINS-I tool. The pooled estimate of the risk of obesity in shift work nurses as compared to non-shift work nurses did not achieve statistical significance (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.97–1.14). However, the risk of obesity was significantly higher in the sub-analysis of night-only shift work nurses (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.21). In a sub-analysis limited only to the studies of female nurses, the obesity risk was found not to be statistically significant (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.84–1.35). For different regions of study population, shift work was associated with a 36% increased risk of obesity in America (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.30–1.42) and 1% increased risk in Europe and Australia (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 1.00–1.03). The BMI cut-off for obesity varied in the included studies. When using a cut-off of BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² for obesity, our subgroup analysis shows a positive relationship between obesity and nurse shift work (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.03–1.20).
Conclusions
This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis confirming that shiftwork may play a significant role in the development of obesity among nurses, especially in America, Europe and Australia. This was found to be particularly true for night only shift work nurses. Implementation of health policies and a better night shift schedule are needed in the hospital's management to effectively protect nurses from obesity, and the health risks associated with it.
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 is the disease caused by the novel coronavirus originally from Wuhan, China. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood, but it is known to be contagious and deadly. Multiple symptoms and complications from the disease have been described, with the most common complaints being respiratory. Nursing care of patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 is largely supportive, but it should include a strong focus on mitigating the spread of infection to staff, other patients, and the community.
Background
Rotating night shift contributes to the development of metabolic syndrome and relevant diseases. However, the contribution of different aspects of rotating night shift is rarely studied.
Aim
To investigate the association of frequency and duration of rotating night shift with metabolic parameters.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in nurses. Socio-demographic characteristics, duration and frequency of rotating night shift, and metabolic parameters including body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose(FBG), blood pressure (BP), triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), were collected. Sleep quality and perceived stress were assessed with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Perceived Stress Scale respectively. Ratio of rotating night shift years to age (RRSYA) was calculated to present cumulative effect. Metabolic parameters were log-transformed and z-transformed in sequence. Multiple linear regressions were applied to explore the effect of frequency and RRSYA on metabolic parameters. Mediation analysis was used to estimate potential mediating effect of sleep quality and perceived stress.
Results
Frequency of rotating night shift was significantly associated with elevated FBG and BMI, and decreased LDL-C. RRSYA was significantly associated with higher BMI, TC, LDL-C, BP and FBG. Sleep quality exhibited significant mediating effect between rotating night shift features and FBG and BMI.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that frequency and RRSYA are associated with metabolic profile alterations, but the effects are different. Sleep quality appears to be an important mediator of the night shift’s metabolic effect. Proper shift arrangement and sleep quality assurance may reduce the negative metabolic changes.
Background:
Some studies indicated night shift work can be associated with the higher risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the effect of both rotating and extended night shift work (12-hr rotating night) on MetS has not been well-known. We aimed to examine and clarify the association among petrochemical workers.
Methods:
We recruited 1575 eligible workers in this study. According to shift work schedules the participants were divided into following groups: 12-hr fixed day and 12-hr rotating night. Biochemical data, including fasting blood sugar and lipid panel (TC, TG, LDL, and HDL) were determined by blood tests. Demographic data was obtained by interview at the time of blood pressure and anthropometric indices measurements. The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) was applied to identify subjects with MetS. The Logistic regression models were used to predict risk of MetS and its components between study groups.
Results:
The prevalence of MetS was showed 18.4% (290/1575). We found a significant difference between study groups in the prevalence of MetS (p < 0.05). The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in the 12-hr rotating night group in comparison to the 12-hr fixed day shift group according to unadjusted and full adjusted logistic regression models were estimated 1.26 (0.96, 1.65) and 1.34 (1.01, 1.76), respectively. Among MetS components, we observed the significant higher risk in TG and HDL (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
This study suggests 12-hr rotating night shift as the high-risk group for MetS. More studies needed to confirm our findings.
Objective:
It is known that total energy intake and its distribution during the day influences human anthropometric characteristics. However, possible association between variability in total energy intake and obesity has thus far remained unexamined. This study was designed to establish the influence of energy intake variability of each daily meal on the anthropometric characteristics of obesity.
Methods:
A total of 521 individuals of Czech Caucasian origin aged 16–73 years (390 women and 131 men) were included in the study, 7-day food records were completed by all study subjects and selected anthropometric characteristics were measured. The interquartile range (IQR) of energy intake was assessed individually for each meal of the day (as a marker of energy intake variability) and subsequently correlated with body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (%BF), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (cW).
Results:
Four distinct models were created using multiple logistic regression analysis and backward stepwise logistic regression. The most precise results, based on the area under the curve (AUC), were observed in case of the %BF model (AUC=0.895) and cW model (AUC=0.839). According to the %BF model, age (p<0.001) and IQR-lunch (p<0.05) seem to play an important prediction role for obesity. Likewise, according to the cW model, age (p<0.001), IQR-breakfast (p<0.05) and IQR-dinner (p <0.05) predispose patients to the development of obesity. The results of our study show that higher variability in the energy intake of key daily meals may increase the likelihood of obesity development.
Conclusions:
Based on the obtained results, it is necessary to emphasize the regularity in meals intake for maintaining proper body composition.
Goal:
Our study focuses on examining the relationship between the frequency and timing of meals and changes in BMI in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) which represents a relatively healthy population in North America.
Methodology:
A longitudinal analysis was undertaken using data from 48 673 individuals monitored over an average period of 7.43 ± 1.24 years. The number of meals per day, length of nighttime fasting, eating breakfast and timing of the largest meal of the day (breakfast 5-11 a.m., lunch noon-4 p.m. or supper/dinner 5-11 p.m.) were used as independent variables. The primary output was the change in body mass index (BMI) once in a year. Linear regression analyses were adjusted for all important demographic factors and lifestyle factors.
Results:
Consumption of 1 and 2 meals a day was associated with decrease in BMI (-0.04; 95% CI -0.06 to -0.03 and -0.02; 95% CI -0.03 to -0,01 kg.m-2 per year, respectively). On the other hand, consumption of 3 or more meals a day was associated with increase in BMI, in a linear relation (p < 0.001). BMI of those who skipped breakfast increased (0.029; 95% CI 0.021-0.037 kg.m-2 per year; p = 0.002) as compared to no BMI change in those who had breakfast (-0.0002; 95% CI -0.005 to + 0.004 kg.m-2 per year). Those, whose largest meal of the day was breakfast, recorded no significant change in BMI (-0.002 95% CI -0.008 to +0.004 kg.m-2 per year). On the contrary, the largest supper was associated with the greatest increase in BMI (0.034; 95% CI 0.029-0.040 kg.m-2 per year).
Conclusion:
Our results indicate that eating less frequently, consuming breakfast and having the largest meal in the morning hours may be effective measures to prevent weight gain.Key words: body mass index (BMI) - frequency and timing of meals - body mass regulation - breakfast.
Background:
Reported associations between shiftwork and health have largely been based on occupation-specific, or single sex studies that might not be generalizable to the entire working population. The objective of this study was to investigate whether shiftwork was independently associated with obesity, diabetes, poor sleep and well-being in a large, UK general population cohort.
Methods:
Participants of the UK Biobank study who were employed at the time of assessment were included. Exposure variables were self-reported shiftwork (any shiftwork and night shiftwork); and outcomes were objectively measured obesity, inflammation and physical activity and self-reported lifestyle, sleep and well-being variables, including mental health.
Results:
Shiftwork was reported by 17% of the 277168 employed participants. Shiftworkers were more likely to be male, socioeconomically deprived and smokers, and to have higher levels of physical activity. Univariately, and following adjustment for lifestyle and work-related confounders, shiftworkers were more likely to be obese, depressed, to report disturbed sleep, and to have neurotic traits. Shiftwork was independently associated with multiple indicators of poor health and wellbeing, despite higher physical activity, and even in shiftworkers that did not work nights. Shiftwork is an emerging social factor that contributes to disease in the urban environment across the working population.
Objective
Insomnia severity index (ISI) is a widely used scale in various demographic groups but its psychometric properties have not been established in a sample of Indian subjects. This study was conducted as a preliminary study to extend and confirm the applicability of ISI to an Indian population of university students and to establish its correlation with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).
Materials and methods
The study was conducted among the student population of Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, with due approval by the institutional ethical committee. Twenty-five poor sleepers with a mean age of 25.24±7.04 years and a BMI of 24.2±2.5 kg/m
Results
The test-retest reliability for ISI (intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC
Conclusion
The study findings suggest that ISI has excellent internal consistency, test-retest reliability and validity for the university population of poor sleepers in India. Hence, it can prove to be a good tool for screening insomnia in the current population.
Across the world, hospital nurses experience a high level of burnout. Exploring biochemical markers of burnout could help to understand physiological changes and may provide useful evidence for preventing burnout symptoms. The current study included 94 female nurses from one Chinese third-level hospital. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to investigate burnout symptoms: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, reduced professional efficacy, as well as the burnout average. The HPT axis was tested by checking blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Nonparametric tests showed that no significant difference in biochemical markers was found between the burnout and non-burnout groups. Spearman correlation analysis found that biochemical markers had no significant association with burnout symptoms, except weakly negative associations between reduced professional efficacy and blood pressure and heart rate. These findings show a rather poor correlation of the HPT axis on burnout symptoms. Expanding the biochemical index of the HPT axis, comparing well-defined samples and using longitudinal studies are recommended for further studies.