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20a. effects-of-dichlorvos-inhalation-on-the-kidney-in-adult-wistar-rats

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Abstract: Dichlorvos, (2, 2, dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate; DDVP), is an organophospharous compound used as insecticides and pesticides in homes and farms. It constitutes the active ingredient of Ota-piapia or Madarar piapia, a locally formulated insecticide in Nigeria. It is absorbed into the body via inhalation, dermal or oral routes and metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidney. The frequency of renal failure is on the increase. The study aimed at assessing the effects of dichlorvos on the histology of the renal cortices in Adult Wistar Rats. Twenty - five adult wistar rats weighed about 195 – 400g were randomly selected and divided into five groups, two positive and negative groups and three treated groups exposed to 11.25mg/m3, 7.50 mg/m3, and 3.75 mg/m3, of dichlorvos in 96% (purity) ethanol solution and experimented for 28 days. The animals were sacrificed twenty four hours after the last exposure, the blood and the kidney tissues were collected for serum and histopathological analyses. The slides were observed under light microscope while the blood was run for serum analysis. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Post – hoc test (Tukey) was conducted for the serum analysis. Graded degenerations in kidney cellularity were observed. There was significant difference (P < 0.001) in the serum electrolytes across the groups. Prolonged use of dichlorvos could be injurious to the architecture of renal cortex that might lead to renal failure.
... Reports show that there were alterations in the microanatomy of the liver of rats exposed to dichlorvous, revealing the massive necrosis of hepatocytes which are replaced with fibrous tissues. Another study by Brown et al., demonstrated the acute toxicity of dichlorvous on haematological parameters, inducing anemia, decreasing blood volume and packed cell volume, increasing the total white blood cell and platelet count [18] and Tela et al., showed that prolonged exposure to dichlorvous is injurious to the architecture of renal cortex which can result into renal failure [19]. In this study, 20 adult albino rats comprising of all males were used as working models to evaluate the effect of the long exposure to dichlorvous on the histology of the lungs. ...
... The groups that were exposed to dichlorvous inhalation daily for three and six hours, groups B and C respectively, showed an insignificant decrease at P>0.05 in body weight which differ from the control group. This is also in line with work done by Tela et al., who reported reduction in body weight when overweight adult rats were exposed to dichlorvous inhalation [19]. ...
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