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Development of digital technology-based nursing service innovation in the pandemic era

April 2022
Community Empowerment 7(4):763-768

DOI:10.31603/ce.6417

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CC BY-NC 4.0

Authors:

Yulis Dewi

Airlangga University

Nursalam Nursalam

Airlangga University

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Optimizing health services during the pandemic is something that hospitals must do in order to keep improving service quality. This community service aims to educate nurses on how to use digital technology-based nursing services in the pandemic. Health education is provided through webinars, as a method of implementing this community service program. The majority of webinar participants (60%) had sufficient knowledge based on the results of the pretest. Following the presentation of the material, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in knowledge, with 182 participants (90%) having excellent knowledge. Nursing services are benefiting from digital innovation not only in terms of workforce management, but also in terms of changing the way care is delivered. Nurses are crucial in the adoption of digital tools and information technology to improve patient care. This is due to the fact that the quality of digital care delivery has risen to the forefront of healthcare and is being scrutinized more than ever before.

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COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT

Vol.7 No.4 (2022) pp. 763-768

p-ISSN: 2614-4964 e-ISSN: 2621-4024

763

Development of digital technology-based nursing service

innovation in the pandemic era

Yulis Setiya Dewi1, Nursalam1, Ahsan2, I Ketut Eddy Purnama3, Tomoko Hasegawa4,

Arina Qona’ah1, Rifky Octavia Pradipta1, Hidayat Arifin5, Gusmaniarti6

1 Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

2 Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia

3 Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia

4 University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan

5 Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia

6 Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

arina-qonaah@fkp.unair.ac.id

https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.6417

Abstract

Optimizing health services during the pandemic is something that hospitals must do in order to

keep improving service quality. This community service aims to educate nurses on how to use

digital technology-based nursing services in the pandemic. Health education is provided through

webinars, as a method of implementing this community service program. The majority of webinar

participants (60%) had sufficient knowledge based on the results of the pretest. Following the

presentation of the material, it can be concluded that there has been an increase in knowledge,

with 182 participants (90%) having excellent knowledge. Nursing services are benefiting from

digital innovation not only in terms of workforce management, but also in terms of changing the

way care is delivered. Nurses are crucial in the adoption of digital tools and information

technology to improve patient care.

Keywords: Nursing services; Digital technology; Real time monitor sensors; Covid-19

Pengembangan inovasi pelayanan keperawatan berbasis

teknologi digital di era pandemi

Abstrak

Optimalisasi pelayanan kesehatan di masa pandemi merupakan hal yang harus

dilakukan oleh rumah sakit guna tetap meningkatkan mutu pelayanan. Pengabdian

masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi kepada perawat mengenai

pelayanan keperawatan berbasis teknologi digital yang dapat digunakan di masa

pandemi. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pendidikan

kesehatan yang diberikan melalui webinar yang diselenggarakan secara online.

Berdasarkan hasil pre-test, mayoritas peserta webinar (60%) memiliki pengetahuan yang

cukup. Setelah pemberian materi, dapat disimpulkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan

dimana 182 peserta (90%) memiliki pengetahuan yang baik. Inovasi digital dalam

pelayanan keperawatan tidak hanya berpengaruh dalam manajemen tenaga kerja, tetapi

juga sebagai dasar untuk mengubah cara pemberian perawatan. Perawat memainkan

peranan penting dalam implementasi sarana digital dan informatika untuk

meningkatkan perawatan pasien.

Kata Kunci: Pelayanan keperawatan; Teknologi digital; Real time monitor censors; Covid-19

Community Empowerment

764

1. Pendahuluan

Optimalisasi pelayanan kesehatan di masa pandemi merupakan hal yang harus

dilakukan oleh rumah sakit guna tetap meningkatkan mutu pelayanan. Upaya dalam

mempertahankan mutu pelayanan yang tidak disertai dengan dukungan sarana

prasarana dan sumber daya yang memadai akan menimbulkan masalah. Salah satu

masalah yang terjadi adalah tingginya angka kejadian Covid-19 pada tenaga kesehatan

(Olesen et al., 2020). Hal ini dapat dipicu oleh belum adanya standar yang ketat dalam

Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (PPI) untuk Covid-19 di rumah sakit,

manajemen tata ruang perawatan. Pengaturan serta fungsi dari tata ruang perawatan

pasien Covid-19 memerlukan sistem yang terintegrasi antara proses perawatan dan

monitoring (Zanardo et al., 2020). Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk

memberikan edukasi kepada perawat mengenai pelayanan keperawatan berbasis

teknologi digital yang dapat digunakan di masa pandemi.

Data yang diperoleh dari World Health Organization (WHO) menyebutkan bahwa

sebanyak 14% dari total pasien Covid-19 dialami oleh tenaga kesehatan (Rathnayake et

al., 2021). Di beberapa negara, jumlah infeksi Covid-19 pada tenaga kesehatan

mencapai 35% dari total kasus (Bohlken et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020). Di Indonesia, data

per Januari 2021 didapatkan sebanyak 647 tenaga kesehatan meninggal karena

terinfeksi virus Covid-19 yang terdiri dari 289 dokter, 221 perawat, 84 bidan, 27 dokter

gigi, 15 orang petugas laboratorium dan 11 orang apoteker. Jumlah ini termasuk

kategori tiga besar kasus Covid-19 pada tenaga kesehatan yang ada di Asia (Setiawan

& Nurwati, 2020).

Paparan Covid-19 pada tenaga kesehatan dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik dari Covid-19

yang memiliki ukuran partikel antara 80-160 nanometer. Partikel ini ditransmisikan

melalui airbone mikroskopis dan aerosol droplet. Droplet dan partikel kecil dalam

spektrum luas akan terbentuk pada saat batuk atau bersin dan bahkan saat berbicara

atau bernafas. Sebagian besar droplet yang dihasilkan akan jatuh dan mengenai benda

pada area sekitar yang dapat bertahan dalam hitungan jam atau bahkan dua hingga

tiga hari (Kim et al., 2020). Selain itu, tingginya angka kejadian Covid-19 pada tenaga

kesehatan juga disebabkan oleh tindakan medis misalnya intubasi takea, ventilasi non-

invasif, trakeotomi, dan resusitasi jantung paru (Daryai et al., 2020).

Upaya yang dilakukan untuk menurunkan kasus Covid-19 pada tenaga kesehatan

adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi berbasis digital dalam memberikan pelayanan

keperawatan kepada pasien. Pemanfaatan teknologi digital dapat digunakan untuk

monitoring suhu ruangan dan kelembapan pada ruangan isolasi pasien (Shahrvini et

al., 2021). Selain itu, monitoring juga dilakukan terintegrasi dengan parameter lain

misalnya suhu dan tekanan udara. Monitoring ini dapat dilakukan dalam jarak jauh

melalui akses dengan menggunakan remote berbasis Internet of Things (IOTs). Hal ini

diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan pada pasien Covid-19 terutama yang

dirawat di ruang isolasi.

2. Metode

Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah pendidikan

kesehatan yang diberikan melalui webinar yang diselenggarakan secara online.

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Pembicara pada webinar ini adalah pelaksana kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang

memiliki keahlian dalam bidang critical care dan Kepala Bidang Keperawatan dari RS

Universitas Airlangga dan RS Haji Surabaya. Tema yang diangkat dalam webinar

adalah “Pengembangan Inovasi Pelayanan Keperawatan Berbasis Teknologi Digital di

era Pandemi Covid-19”. Materi yang disampaikan pada webinar yang diselenggarakan

pada Jum’at, 26 November 2021 adalah manajemen pelayanan keperawatan dan real

time monitor sensor berbasis IoTs dalam keperawatan. Peserta pengabdian masyarakat

adalah perawat dan mahasiswa keperawatan dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia.

Penilaian terhadap keberhasilan dari pendidikan kesehatan dilakukan dengan

memberikan pre-test dan post-test kepada peserta sebelum dan sesudah penyampaian

materi melalui Google Form.

3. Hasil dan Pembahasan

Pelaksanaan webinar “Pengembangan Inovasi Pelayanan Keperawatan Berbasis

Teknologi Digital di Era Pandemi Covid-19” diikuti oleh mahasiswa dan perawat

sejumlah 202 peserta (Gambar 1). Mahasiswa yang menjadi peserta berasal dari

Universitas Airlangga, Universitas Kadiri, Universitas Muhammadiyah Lamongan,

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya,

Universitas Sahid Surakarta, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Universitas Sari Mulia

Banjarmasin, Universitas Karya Husada, IIK Bhakti Kediri, Poltekkes Kemenkes

Malang, STIKES Indramayu, Stikes Cendekia Utama Kudus, Stikes Centama Kudus,

Stikes BHM Madiun, ITKes Wiyata Husada Samarinda. Sedangkan perawat rumah

sakit yang menjadi peserta webinar diantaranya adalah Rumah Sakit Darmo Surabaya,

Klinik K3 PT. PHC Surabaya, Rumah Sakit Premier, RSAL dr Ramelan Surabaya,

RSUD Bangil, RSUD Buleleng, RSUD dr Koesma Tuban, RSUD Ngimbang, dan RSUD

Dr. Soetomo Surabaya.

Gambar 1. Webinar inovasi pelayanan keperawatan berbasis teknologi digital

Peserta yang mengikuti webinar diminta untuk mengikuti pre-test dan post-test sebagai

upaya untuk menentukan pengetahuan awal dan evaluasi terhadap pemahaman

materi webinar. Berdasarkan hasil pre-test, mayoritas peserta webinar (60%) memiliki

pengetahuan yang cukup, sebanyak 27 persen memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan 13

persen memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang terhadap pelayanan keperawatan berbasis

teknologi digital. Setelah pemberian materi, peserta diminta untuk mengerjakan post-

test. Berdasarkan hasil post-test, sebanyak 182 peserta (90%) memiliki pengetahuan

yang baik, 17 peserta (8%) memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup dan 3 peserta (2%) masih

memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang.

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Perkembangan teknologi digital mempengaruhi seluruh aspek kehidupan termasuk

dalam pelayanan kesehatan terutama layanan keperawatan. Salah satu diantaranya

adalah peningkatan penggunaan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan sistem robot untuk

monitoring kondisi pasien dan meningkatnya ketergantungan pada telehealth dan

model perawatan virtual lainnya, terutama dalam menanggapi pandemi Covid-19.

Meskipun kemajuan substansial sampai saat ini terus berkembang, tantangan dalam

penggunaan teknologi digital keperawatan tetap ada. Salah satunya adalah adanya

kekhawatiran jika perawat tidak mampu mengikuti perubahan cepat dalam teknologi

digital dan dampaknya terhadap masyarakat. Hal ini dapat membatasi manfaat

potensial yang ada dalam implementasinya ke layanan praktik keperawatan dan

perawatan pasien. Tantangan ini harus ditanggapi oleh perawat dengan mempercepat

proses transformasi pelayanan secara digital, sehingga dapat menanggapi tantangan

global kompleks yang saat ini dihadapi sistem kesehatan dan masyarakat.

Pengabdian masyarakat yang dilaksanakan menjadi salah satu cara untuk

meningkatkan pengetahuan dan memberikan gambaran bagaimana perawat dapat

berkontribusi dalam memanfaatkan teknologi dalam pelayanan. Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa keperawatan harus mempercepat transformasi ke pelayanan

yang dilakukan secara digital dengan berinvestasi dalam pendidikan, penelitian, dan

praktik inovasi teknologi. Perawat harus meningkatkan keterampilan dalam ilmu data

dan topik kesehatan digital lainnya untuk memastikan teknologi yang muncul seperti

AI dikembangkan dengan tepat dan aman untuk praktik keperawatan dan perawatan

pasien. Keperawatan harus berinvestasi dan memimpin perkembangan kesehatan

digital dan berkolaborasi dengan orang lain untuk mengembangkan dan memberikan

alat digital yang dibutuhkan pasien dan masyarakat. Perawat harus memperjuangkan

teknologi di semua bidang praktik profesional, menciptakan peluang kepemimpinan

dalam kesehatan digital, dan menginformasikan kebijakan kesehatan (Booth et al.,

2021).

Contoh penggunaan teknologi menunjukkan bagaimana teknologi digital telah

membawa manfaat bagi praktik dan pendidikan keperawatan (Krick et al., 2019)

Misalnya, program telehealth di mana perawat menyediakan pemantauan harian,

pembinaan, dan triase pasien dengan beberapa penyakit kronis telah membantu

mengurangi penerimaan unit gawat darurat perangkat seluler, khususnya smartphone

dan aplikasi kesehatan, memungkinkan perawat untuk menawarkan saran jarak jauh

tentang manajemen nyeri kepada pasien remaja penderita kanker (L. Jibb et al., 2020; L.

A. Jibb et al., 2017) dan melengkapi aspek pendidikan keperawatan dengan

memberikan solusi pedagogis inovatif untuk penyampaian konten dan peluang

pembelajaran jarak jauh (Buchanan et al., 2020; Chuang et al., 2018).

Inovasi pelayanan juga perlu disosialisasikan terutama dalam tatanan manajemen. Hal

ini kaitannya dengan pelaksanaan inovasi yang memerlukan kebijakan bagi beberapa

unit di rumah sakit serta proses pengelolaannya. Penggunaan IoTs dalam monitoring

ruangan pasien Covid-19 memungkinkan perawat untuk memonitor secara realtime

dengan menggunakan device baik device ruangan ataupun personal device. Upaya ini

digalakkan untuk mencegah adanya perkembangan infeksi pada ruangan Covid-19.

Salah satu contohnya adalah melalui kelembapan udara yang tidak dikontrol dapat

meningkatkan akumulasi bakteri pada ruangan.

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Pemanfaatan alat realtime monitor dapat memudahkan pekerjaan perawat dengan

memberikan laporan secara berkala mengani kondisi lingkungan ruang perawatan

pasien. Perawat dapat fokus untuk melakukan perawatan kepada pasien. Peran dan

dukungan dari tatanan manajemen sangat diperlukan karena inovasi ini dapat terus

berkembang dengan terus menyesuaikan keadaan dan situasi di rumah sakit.

4. Kesimpulan

Inovasi digital dalam pelayanan keperawatan tidak hanya berpengaruh dalam

manajemen tenaga kerja, tetapi juga sebagai dasar untuk mengubah cara pemberian

perawatan. Perawat memainkan peranan penting dalam implementasi sarana digital

dan informatika untuk meningkatkan perawatan pasien, terutama di lingkungan

Covid-19 di mana kualitas pemberian perawatan digital telah menjadi yang terdepan

dalam perawatan kesehatan dan berada di bawah pengawasan yang lebih ketat dari

sebelumnya.

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Jan 2021
BMC Med Educ

Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated a sudden transition to remote learning in medical schools. We aimed to assess perceptions of remote learning among pre-clinical medical students and subsequently to identify pros and cons of remote learning, as well as uncover gaps to address in ongoing curricular development. Methods A survey was distributed to first- and second-year medical students at the University of California San Diego School of Medicine in March 2020. Frequencies of responses to structured multiple-choice questions were compared regarding impacts of remote learning on quality of instruction and ability to participate, value of various remote learning resources, living environment, and preparedness for subsequent stages of training. Responses to open-ended questions about strengths and weaknesses of the remote curriculum and overall reflections were coded for thematic content. Results Of 268 students enrolled, 104 responded (53.7% of first-year students and 23.9% of second-year students). Overall, students felt that remote learning had negatively affected the quality of instruction and their ability to participate. Most (64.1%) preferred the flexibility of learning material at their own pace. Only 25.5% of respondents still felt connected to the medical school or classmates, and feelings of anxiety and isolation were noted negatives of remote learning. Most second-year students (56.7%) felt their preparation for the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 exam was negatively affected, and 43.3% felt unprepared to begin clerkships. In narrative responses, most students appreciated the increased flexibility of remote learning, but they also identified several deficits that still need to be addressed, including digital fatigue, decreased ability to participate, and lack of clinical skills, laboratory, and hands-on learning. Conclusions Videocasted lectures uploaded in advance, electronic health record and telehealth training for students, and training for teaching faculty to increase technological fluency may be considered to optimize remote learning curricula.

Predicted Influences of Artificial Intelligence on the Domains of Nursing: A Scoping Review (Preprint)

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2020

Background Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to transform the health system, yet little research to date has explored its influence on nurses—the largest group of health professionals. Furthermore, there has been little discussion on how AI will influence the experience of person-centered compassionate care for patients, families, and caregivers. Objective This review aims to summarize the extant literature on the emerging trends in health technologies powered by AI and their implications on the following domains of nursing: administration, clinical practice, policy, and research. This review summarizes the findings from 3 research questions, examining how these emerging trends might influence the roles and functions of nurses and compassionate nursing care over the next 10 years and beyond. Methods Using an established scoping review methodology, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central, Education Resources Information Center, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched. In addition to the electronic database searches, a targeted website search was performed to access relevant gray literature. Abstracts and full-text studies were independently screened by 2 reviewers using prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included articles focused on nursing and digital health technologies that incorporate AI. Data were charted using structured forms and narratively summarized. Results A total of 131 articles were retrieved from the scoping review for the 3 research questions that were the focus of this manuscript (118 from database sources and 13 from targeted websites). Emerging AI technologies discussed in the review included predictive analytics, smart homes, virtual health care assistants, and robots. The results indicated that AI has already begun to influence nursing roles, workflows, and the nurse-patient relationship. In general, robots are not viewed as replacements for nurses. There is a consensus that health technologies powered by AI may have the potential to enhance nursing practice. Consequently, nurses must proactively define how person-centered compassionate care will be preserved in the age of AI. Conclusions Nurses have a shared responsibility to influence decisions related to the integration of AI into the health system and to ensure that this change is introduced in a way that is ethical and aligns with core nursing values such as compassionate care. Furthermore, nurses must advocate for patient and nursing involvement in all aspects of the design, implementation, and evaluation of these technologies. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/17490

Perception and attitudes of medical students on clinical clerkship in the era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2020
Med Educ Online

Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been placing severe strain on global healthcare systems and medical education programs, leading to growing demands for medical students to assume the role of preliminary healthcare providers. Objectives To assess the perception and attitudes of medical students about clinical clerkship training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design A cross-sectional survey with web-based 3-fields/14-items questionnaire was conducted, from April 7 to 14, 2020, to evaluate their self-assessed perception and attitudes on clerkship training of hospital practice under the COVID-19 outbreak and spread among 161 (78 on pre-clerkship course, 83 on clinical clerkship course) medical students at Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. Results Of the 151 medical students who completed the survey, 81 students (53.7%) considered themselves familiar with COVID-19. Although the students were concerned about the spread of the virus during clinical clerkship training, 118 (78.1%) students preferred the clerkship training in a hospital practice. The students in the clinical clerkship program preferred this over those in the pre-clerkship program (85.7% vs. 70.2%, P = 0.03), primarily because a clinical clerkship could not be replaced by an online class during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, their responses indicated, in order of significance, fear of not completing the clerkship course on time, willingness to participate as a preliminary healthcare provider in pandemic, the potential waste of tuition, and belief that a hospital is rather safe. The change in the academic calendar had not a positive impact on the lifestyles of many students. Conclusions In circumstances such as the COVID-19 pandemic, educational strategies to clinical clerkship training for medical students should be developed to provide them with the opportunity to be actively involved in hospital practice under strict safety guidance focused on preventing virus infection and transmission.

Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2020
J HOSP INFECT

Pain Squad+ smartphone app to support real-time pain treatment for adolescents with cancer: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2020

Introduction Pain negatively affects the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of adolescents with cancer. The Pain Squad+ smartphone-based application (app), has been developed to provide adolescents with real-time pain self-management support. The app uses a validated pain assessment and personalised pain treatment advice with centralised decision support via a registered nurse to enable real-time pain treatment in all settings. The algorithm informing pain treatment advice is evidence-based and expert-vetted. This trial will longitudinally evaluate the impact of Pain Squad+, with or without the addition of nurse support, on adolescent health and cost outcomes. Methods and analysis This will be a pragmatic, multicentre, waitlist controlled, 3-arm parallel-group superiority randomised trial with 1:1:1 allocation enrolling 74 adolescents with cancer per arm from nine cancer centres. Participants will be 12 to 18 years, English-speaking and with ≥3/10 pain. Exclusion criteria are significant comorbidities, end-of-life status or enrolment in a concurrent pain study. The primary aim is to determine the effect of Pain Squad+, with and without nurse support, on pain intensity in adolescents with cancer, when compared with a waitlist control group. The secondary aims are to determine the immediate and sustained effect over time of using Pain Squad+, with and without nurse support, as per prospective outcome measurements of pain interference, HRQL, pain self-efficacy and cost. Linear mixed models with baseline scores as a covariate will be used. Qualitative interviews with adolescents from all trial arms will be conducted and analysed. Ethics and dissemination This trial is approved by the Hospital for Sick Children Research Ethics Board. Results will provide data to guide adolescents with cancer and healthcare teams in treating pain. Dissemination will occur through partnerships with stakeholder groups, scientific meetings, publications, mass media releases and consumer detailing. Trial registration number NCT03632343 ( ClinicalTrials.gov ).

The prevalence and influencing factors for anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional survey

Preprint

Full-text available

Mar 2020

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus has been sustained in China since December 2019, and could become a pandemic if we do not contain it. The mental health of frontline medical staff is a concern. In this study, we aimed to identify the influencing factors on medical worker anxiety in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among medical staff from 10th February 2020 to 20th February 2020 in China using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) to assess anxiety, using the criteria of normal (≤49), mild (50-59), moderate (60-70) and severe anxiety (≥70). We used multivariable linear regression to determine the factors (e.g., having direct contact treating infected patients, being a medical staff worker from Hubei province, being a suspect case) for anxiety. We also used adjusted models to confirm independent factors for anxiety after adjusting for gender, age, education and marital status. Results: Of 512 medical staff from China, 164 healthcare workers (32.03%) had had direct contact by treating infected patients. The prevalence of anxiety was 12.5%, with 53 workers suffering from mild (10.35%), seven workers from moderate (1.36%) and four workers from severe anxiety (0.78%). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, education and marital status), medical staff who had had direct contact treating infected patients saw higher anxiety scores than those who had not had direct contact (βvalue=2.33, CI: 0.65 -4.00; p=0.0068). Similar things were observed in medical staff from Hubei province, compared with those from other parts of China (βvalue=3.67, CI: 1.44 -5.89; p=0.0013). The most important variable was suspect cases with high anxiety scores, compared to non-suspect cases (βvalue=4.44, CI: 1.55 -7.33; p=0.0028). Conclusion: Our results highlight that government authorities should make early detection of the high risk of anxiety among medical staff a priority, and implement appropriate psychological intervention programs, to prevent medical staff from developing psychological disorders that could potentially exert an adverse effect on combating the COVID-19 epidemic.

Management of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, in the radiology department

Article

Apr 2020
Radiography

Objectives From December 2019, a novel coronavirus named COVID-19 was reported in China. Within 3 months, the World Health Organization defined COVID-19 as a pandemic, with more than 370,000 cases and 16,000 deaths worldwide. In consideration of the crucial role of diagnostic testing during COVID-19, the aim of this technical note was to provide a complete synthesis of approaches implemented for the management of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients. Key Findings The planning of a robust plan to prevent the transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members should be fundamental in each radiology service. Moreover, the speed of spread and the incidence of the pandemic make it necessary to optimize the use of personal protective devices and dedicated COVID-19 equipment, given the limited availability of supplies. Conclusion In the management of radiographic and CT imaging, staff should take special precautions to limit contamination between patients and other patients or professionals. Implications for practice An isolated imaging room should be dedicated to suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, including radiography and CT scanners. This paper will provide guidance concerning disposable protective gear to be utilized, as well as on the cleaning and sanitation of radiology room and equipment.