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Experimental Study of Structural Behaviour of Beam using Ultra High Performance Concrete
Abstract
UHPC (ultra-high performance concrete) is a relatively new type of concrete that exhibits mechanical properties that are far superior to those of conventional concrete and high performance concrete. The main characteristics that distinguish UHPC from conventional reinforced concrete are the improved compressive strength, the tensile strength, the addition of steel fibres, and the resistance to corrosion and degradation. The mechanical properties of UHPC allow for smaller, thinner, lighter sections to be designed while strength is maintained or improved. The use of UHPC has been limited to a few structure applications due to the high cost of the materials and the lack of established design guidelines. As the construction of super-high structures and long span structures increases all over the world, strength and stiffness of structures are being improved by applying Ultra-high strength concrete. With such trends, demands to use 100Mpa or Ultrahigh strength concrete more than that are anticipated to spread out. Reinforced concrete is being used extensively in the construction industry all over the world. The use of Ultra high strength concrete has increased due to its obvious advantages like increased modulus of elasticity, chemical resistance, freeze thaw resistance, lower creep shrinkage and lower permeability.
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Study provides preliminary results of experimental study of tile grout material behavior. Experiments were performed with the use of microCT, three point bending test and methods for chemical analysis. It was proven that material behave very elastic and the suitability of the combination of used methods.
A new class of concrete that exhibits greatly improved strength and durability properties has recently been developed. The Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) tested in this research is a steel fiber reinforced concrete consisting of an optimized gradation of fine powders and a very low water/cement ratio. The research discussed herein provides a thorough characterization of the UHPC material properties examined at the Federal Highway Administration's Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center. Strength testing has produced results significantly greater than those established for conventional concretes. Compressive strengths range from 18 ksi for ambient air cured UHPC to 28 ksi for steam cured UHPC. Tensile strength tests have been completed using both direct tests such as the mortar briquette and an indirect test, namely the split cylinder. Tensile strengths range from 0.9 to 1.7 ksi depending on the curing procedure and the test method employed. Durability testing has also demonstrated the enhanced characteristics of UHPC. Rapid chloride penetration results have ranged from extremely low to very low, and the freeze-thaw and scaling results indicate that UHPC exhibits a high resistance to this form of environmental attack.
The next generation of high-performance concrete, know as ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC), is currently being evaluated at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Structures Laboratory. The lab is testing two AASHTO Type II prestressed concrete girders fabricated from UHPC to characterize their structural behavior and determine how well the current AASHTO design provisions represent that behavior. UHPC is a steel fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete. This newly developed material typically reaches a compressive strength of 200 MPa (30 ksi), which is more than twice that of any high-performance concrete used to date for U.S. bridge construction.
The science and technology of concrete have been based almost exclusively on empirical knowledge. The description of concrete properties and behavior was therefore by necessity mostly of qualitative nature. The author, a recognized expert in the field, has attempted to present a very special state-of-the-art report in such a way that it can point in the direction of rationalizing the theory. The overall goal can be stated as follows: Given the properties of the various components of concrete, the mix proportions, etc., can one compute important properties, such as strength, of the end product? The quantitative approach mentioned in the subtitle is meant to assist in achieving this objective. It is so ambitious an undertaking that it could not succeed. In fact, judging from the preface, it can be assumed that the author himself did not expect to succeed, but rather be content with setting the stage for other researchers to take off from. The book fills an important void in the specialized concrete literature. The lack of rational relationships in this empirical science makes it very difficult to teach to students and to present it in an interesting manner. Yet, it is not written with the undergraduate student in mind. The enormous collection of data from the literature makes it a treasure trove for researchers and, to a lesser extent, for practicing engineers. For simple relationships such as those between cube strength and cylinder strength, this is the book to look for. The 75-page bibliography is impressive. The intentional limitation of the book`s scope to concrete limits its applicability, especially since it is now being recognized that properties of concrete other than strength may be equally if not more important than strength.
Effects of Casting Direction on the Mechanical Properties of CARDIFRC®
- T Stiel
- B Karihaloo
- E Fehling
Stiel, T., B.Karihaloo, and E. Fehling, "Effects of Casting Direction on the Mechanical Properties of CARDIFRC®,"
Proceedings of the International Symposium on UltraHighPerformance Concrete, Kassel, Germany, September 13-15, 2004, pp.
481-493 Paper 1
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
ASTMC39, "Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens," American Society for
Testing and Materials Standard Practice C39, Philadelphia, PA, 1994.Paper 2
American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Practice C1437
ASTMC1437, "Standard Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar,"American Society for Testing and Materials
Standard Practice C1437, Philadelphia, PA, 2001. Pp.41-93.Paper 3
Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-inch or [50-mm] Cube Specimens)
ASTMC109, "Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-inch or [50-mm] Cube
Specimens)," American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Practice C109, Philadelphia, PA, 1998. pp. 5361.Paper 4
Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression
ASTMC469, "Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression,"
American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Practice C469, Philadelphia, PA, 1994. pp. 31-50. Paper 5