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ALGUNAS OBSERVACIONES SOBRE Trichogramma
Abstract
Poblaciones naturales de Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) frecuentemente han controlado plagas en el campo. Actualmente en Colombia se produce el parásito comercialmente para liberación en el campo con el fin de controlar varias especies de plagas lepidópteras. El presente estudio da a conocer algunas observaciones sobre Trichogramma que pueden ser útiles para su uso económico. En el laboratorio Trichogramma no parasitó posturas de Antigastra catalaunalis Duponchel (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) sobre follaje de ajonjolí, aunque parasitó el 63% de las mismas colocadas sobre papel. Las avispas caminaron con mucha dificultad sobre la superficie vellosa de las hojas y volaron después de pocos segundos sin encontrar las posturas de A. catalaunalis. En tabaco la vellocidad viscosa de la planta atrapó a los Trichogramma cuando éstas tocaron su superficie. En el algodonero se ha observado mayor parasitismo en posturas de Alabama argillacea (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) que en las de Heliothis spp (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Esto se debió a que Trichogramma recorrió con mayor frecuencia las hojas lisas de la planta, donde se encuentra la mayoría de las posturas de A. argillacea y recorrió con menor frecuencia los terminales vellosos, donde se halla la mayoría de las posturas de Heliothis. La relación entre el parasitismo de posturas de H. virescens (Fabricius) por Trichogramma en 5 plantas huéspedes silvestres fue inversa con la cantidad de tricomas viscosas en la planta. La proporción de hembras a machos mostró una relación directa con el número de Trichogramma que salieron de la postura del huésped, en 6 especies de huéspedes, por la siguiente ecuación: H = 1,04A - 0,46; donde H representa el promedio de hembras por macho, y A es el promedio de Trichogramma por postura de huésped. El uso de tela para liberar Trichogramma en el campo originó que muchos adultos del parásito se enredaran en las fibras. Este problema se evitó con el empleo de hojas plásticas y follaje liso del mismo cultivo en que se hizo la liberación.
... G. Hallman (1979) reported Trichogramma parasites are being produced commercially in Colombia for the control of various lepidopterous pests. The author presented some observations he has made that could affect the commercial use of these parasites. ...
These three books cover the sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) pest, predator, parasitoid, pathogen, pollinator, and scavenger descriptors. The books cover 766 insect, arachnid, nematode, mammal, bird, fungus, and virus species that have been recorded in sesame. Books 1 and 2 cover the pests; book 3 covers the beneficial predators, parasitoids, pathogens, pollinators, and scavengers. These books are a part of other published books which cover the descriptors of sesame seedlings, roots and stems, plants, leaves, flowers, capsules, capsule zones, cycle, seeds, seed components, agronomic and administrative, and weeds. There are volumes still in draft on abiotic (physical) and biotic (diseases) stresses. There is also a sesame bibliography. This series of documents are not intended to be read from front to back, but rather to be used like an encyclopedia.
KEYWORDS: sesame, Sesamum indicum, pest, predator, parasitoid, pollinator, scavenger.
... Working paper 1 G. Hallman (1979) reported Trichogramma parasites are being produced commercially in Colombia for the control of various lepidopterous pests. The author presents some observations he has made that could affect the commercial use of these parasites. ...
Part 2. The project started with the 17 insect pests affecting sesame in the 2004 IPGRI and NBPGR Descriptors for Sesame (Sesamum spp.). Reviewing over 350 documents produced another 282 insect pests. There are probably more to add in the future. This has been broken into 2 parts due to the sizes of the file in Word.
Part 1. The project started with the 17 insect pests affecting sesame in the 2004 IPGRI and NBPGR Descriptors for Sesame (Sesamum spp.). Reviewing over 350 documents produced another 282 insect pests. There are probably more to add in the future. This has been broken into 2 parts due to the sizes of the file in Word.
The biology and morphology of the early stages of 22 species of Eumaeini (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Theclinae) are presented. Observations were collected through the inspection of inflorescences in the field and the rearing of 214 larvae in laboratory. Allosmaitia strophius (Godart) associated with Malpighiaceae species and the polyphagous Strymon mulucha (Hewitson) were the most frequently collected species. Detritivory was observed in two species, Electrostrymon endymion (F.) and Kisutam syllis (Godman & Salvin), and myrmecophily in four other species, A. strophius, Ministrymon azia (Hewitson), Parrhasius polibetes (Stoll), and S. mulucha. Cannibalism was observed in A. strophius; in addition, the pupa of this and of three other species produced audible sounds. Paiwarria aphaca (Hewitson) was highlighted because of the great difference observed between its first and last instars, as well as the marked difference between that species and the larvae of Paiwarria umbratus (Geyer) documented in Costa Rica. Larvae of Calycopis mimas (Godman & Salvin) displayed "bungee jumping" behavior when stimulated. Parasitoids (Diptera, Hymenoptera) attacked 21 larvae of eight species, A. strophius, K. syllis, M. azia, Pai. aphaca, P. polibetes, Rekoa marius (Lucas), S. mulucha, and Tmolus venustus (H.H. Druce). Illustrations of immatures and parasitoids are provided.
Field data of counts of eggs and larvae of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in 12 uncultivated plants in Tolima, Colombia, were used to conduct analyses of variance of the relative importance of the 12 for the insect. Analyses were based on the number of eggs and larvae found per terminal and per 5 g of terminal material of each host.
Regardless of the analysis, more eggs and larvae of H. virescens were found on Desmodium tortuosum (Sw) DC (Papilionaceae) than on the other 11 hosts. In general, more eggs were found on pubescent plants, especially those with glandular trichomes.
A relatively high ratio of larvae:eggs for Ipomea triloba L. (Convolvulaceae) was interpreted to mean that larvae of H. virescens migrated to this plant from eggs laid on other hosts.
The removal rate of eggs from seven hosts due to unknown reasons was estimated to differ between the seven.
The sesame leafroller,Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel), is a recently introduced pest of sesame,Sesamum indicum L. (Pedaliaceae), in the New World. It is presently the chief pest of this crop in Colombia. Four parasites have been found attackingA. catalaunalis in Colombia:Euplectrus sp.[Hym.: Eulophidae], Bracon sp.(Hym.: Braconidae], Spilochalcis sp., andBrachymeria sp.[Hym.: Chalcididae], but they do not appear to exercise significant control of the insect. A literature search resulted in a list of 19 insect
and 1 nematode parasites. Some of these parasites are widespread and well known, and an attempt should be made to have them
sent to Colombia. Some also parasitize other important pests in that country.
Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel), insecte récemment introduit au Nouveau Monde, s'attaque au sésame. Il est même devenu le principal ravageur de cette culture
en Colombie où 4 parasites furent identifiés:Euplectrus sp.(Hym.: Eulophidae), Bracon sp.(Hym.: Braconidae), Spilochalcis sp., etBrachymeria sp.(Hym.: Chalcididae). Cependant, ces derniers n'apparaissent pas exercer un contrôle significatif de l'insecte. Une revue de la littérature a
permis d'identifier une liste de 20 parasites qui agissent surA. catalaunalis, soit 19 insectes et 1 nématode. Comme certains de ces parasites sont très répandus et bien connus, un effort devrait être
fait pour en envoyer en Colombie. Cette opération serait des plus bénéfiques puisque certains des parasites s'attaquent également
à d'autres insectes nuisibles dans ce pays.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.