Reading and Writing the Electronic Book
... İçindekiler, dizin, sözlük ve farklı türde aramalara olanak veren araçların e-okuyucu yazılımına entegre edilmesi gerekmektedir. Ancak bu araçların hiçbir durumda okumanın akşınını bozacak veya okumanın birincil amaçlarının önüne geçecek bir konuma taşınmaması gerekmektedir (Browne ve Coe, 2012;Marshall 2010). ...
Yalnızca ekrandan okuma yapmak üzere geliştirilmiş olan e-okuyucu cihazların akademik çevrelerde yeterince tanınmadığı ve potansiyeli ölçüsünde kullanılmadığı görülmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra e-okuyucuların akademik okumaya ilişkin yetersizliklerinin bulunduğuna işaret eden araştırma sonuçları da vardır. Özel durum yönteminin kullanıldığı bu araştırmada, akademik okumaya yönelik ideal bir e-okuyucu cihaz tasarımına odaklanılmaktadır. 18 haftada tamamlanan araştırmanın katılımcıları lisansüstü eğitim gören dört öğretim teknoloğudur. Katılımcılardan e-okuyucu cihazlar konusunda sahip oldukları bilgi ve deneyimden yola çıkarak akademik okuma için ideal bir e-okuyucu tasarımı yapmaları istenmiştir. Veriler odak grup görüşmeleri ve ‘E-okuyucu Tasarım Formu’ aracılığı toplanmış ve ayrı ayrı içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular birbirini destekleyecek şekilde sunulmuştur. Araştırma ile ortaya konulan sonuçların akademik okuma için geliştirilecek bir cihazın hangi özelliklere sahip olması gerektiği ve akademik okuma için uygun e-okuyucu seçiminde nelere dikkat edilmesi gerektiği konularında yol gösterici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
... • Exercises which can be done are scanning newspapers, and identifying quick answers to questions raised by the teacher. Both skimming and scanning are reading techniques crucial to developing new literacy skills (Cambre et al., 1992;Marshall, 2009). ...
Improving literacy skills has been of interest to researchers and it is strongly correlated with academic success. Investment in the education literacy is crucial even now or, more precisely, even more now, as it represents a significant part of preparing students for their independent learning and future work. In today's technologically driven, knowledge-based culture, young people need to be expert readers, writers, and thinkers to contend, compete, and succeed in the global economy. Higher education is evolving dynamically worldwide. After the medical crises during COVID-19 pushed faculty and higher education to shift to a totally digital environment, while facing economic and social insecurity, fast-paced changing labor work demands urged higher education to questioning its missions and roles. Digital technologies tremendously changed learning environment, especially the way knowledge is conveyed, transferred, and build up, as well as the way information is created, stored, and distributed.
This article examines the complex dynamics of an increasingly digitized reading culture with particular emphasis on changing configurations of ownership and privacy. The analytical point of departure is Amazon, its popular e-reading device Kindle, and Amazon’s connection to the popular social network site for readers, Goodreads. First, the configurations of technologies and practices which make up networked reading culture are described and discussed. Second, the article assesses the implications of digitization on the personal experience of consuming books, where issues relating to ownership, intimacy and privacy are especially relevant.
Libraries increasingly offer much of their collection online, rendering it invisible or unavailable to readers who, for reasons of information experience, prefer to browse the shelves. Although the evidence that shelf browsing is an important part of information behavior is increasing, information browsing as a behavior is somewhat of a black box (in contrast to web browsing, which is relatively well understood). It seems likely from early work that browsing is not, in fact, a monolithic behavior, but rather a set of behaviors and goals. The typologies presented in these works, however, are of a too high level to offer much insight into what support is needed for successful online browsing. In contrast, a recent spate of speculative browsing technologies meet some browsing needs, but offer little theoretical understanding of how systems support browsing. The major contribution of this article is a new typology of library browsing behavior based on recent observations of browsing behavior in libraries. The secondary contribution is an understanding of the interface features that would support these types of information browsers in an online environment.
The study has two main parts: the first one reviews the current scholarship and theories about the materiality of text in print and digital form exemplified in the works of Johanna Drucker, Jerome McGann, Matthew Kirschenbaum, G. Thomas Tanselle and D. F. McKenzie and then presents a hybrid model of materiality that is comprehensive and practical. This model is designed to make the most use of the capacities of the digital medium and it stems from an understanding of the material repercussions of the migration from print to digital. The second part elaborates on the elements of the codex book and overviews the history of the novel genre. This is to prepare a basis for a prototype for digitizing novels, called iNovel. The last part of the study presents a detailed description of the prototype and its different tools. This prototype serves as a realization of the theoretical model described earlier. L’étude comporte deux principaux volets: le premier examine l’érudition et les théories actuelles au sujet de la matérialité du texte imprimé et numérique illustrés dans les travaux de Johanna Drucker, Jerome McGann, Matthew Kirschenbaum, G. Thomas Tanselle et D. F. McKenzie, et présente ensuite un modèle hybride de matérialité à la fois complet et pratique. Ce modèle est conçu pour exploiter au maximum les capacités du médium numérique et il découle de la compréhension des répercussions matérielles de la migration de l’imprimé au numérique. Le deuxième volet décrit les éléments du livre codex et fait un survol de l’histoire du roman. Cela a pour but de préparer une base pour un prototype de numérisation de romans, appelé iNovel. La dernière partie de l’étude présente une description détaillée du prototype et des ses différents outils. Ce prototype sert de réalisation du modèle théorique décrit plus haut. Mots-clés: Textualité numérique; Numérisation; Matérialité; Romans numériques
The dominance of desktop computers for much of the past 30 years has meant the study of physical workspaces focused on the ergonomics of the machine and its surrounds, rather than design. The recent explosion of laptop, tablet and powerful mobile computing means that workspaces have new flexibility and constraints. We return to the early study of physical workspaces that informed the design of the desktop GUI and numerous digital workspace systems. Focusing on information work by students in libraries, we show that the allocation of physical space and devices to tasks is subtle and multi-faceted, and even transient workspaces show patterns that help the user manage complex tasks. We focus on the materiality of physical workspaces, as how itcaninform primary design considerations for workspace systems.
What does it mean for a reader to borrow an ebook? Ebook technology means that borrowing can take different forms, for example printing and reading. We do not know, though, which of these options readers actually use. Ebook technology generates logs that allow us to understand ebook borrowing patterns over time, both by individual readers and in aggregate. Despite the ready availability of ebook logs, this area remains under-researched. In this paper we present an exploratory log analysis of ebook borrowing, comparing printing and reading, discovery patterns, single- and multiple-book sessions and identifying specific borrowing patterns.
Researchers in education are interested in modeling of learner’s profile
and adapt their learning experiences accordingly. When learners read and interact
with their reading materials, they do unconscious practices like annotations which
may be, a key feature of their personalities. Annotation activity requires readers
to be active, to think critically and to analyze what has been drawn up, and to
make explicit annotations in the margins of the text. Readers make annotation traces
through underlining, highlighting, scribbling comments, summarizing, asking questions, expressing confusion or ambiguity, and evaluating the reading content. In
this paper, we present a semi-automatic approach to building learners’ personality
profiles based on their annotation traces yielded during an active reading session.
The experimental results show the system’s efficiency to measure, with reasonable
accuracy, the scores of a learner’s conscientiousness and neurotics traits.
The manipulation of video content is still a difficult task due to its complexity and richness. This paper applies pen-based technology to video editing, with the goal to improve such interaction. In this research, digital ink is replaced by video content, aiming to provide a more familiar and creative interaction for video editing and to study how pen gestures can be used on this context as well as what kind of changes are needed in the interface. The concept was implemented in a Tablet PC prototype and evaluated by expert and non-expert users. The user feedback shows that this approach proved to be natural and at the same time to foster user creativity as measured by the Creative Support Index.
This paper describes a longitudinal ethnographic analysis of space usage in an academic library. We focus on group work, identifying a range of group types and activities. We address how the library space and users' technology choices impact the flow of information within groups, and finally identify some implications for both space and technology design.
Browsing is a part of book seeking that is important to readers, poorly understood, and ill supported in digital libraries. In earlier work, we attempted to understand the impact of browsing on book borrowing by examining whether books near other loaned books were more likely to be loaned themselves, a phenomenon we termed the neighbour effect. In this paper we further examine the neighbour effect, looking specifically at size, interaction with search and topic boundaries, increasing our understanding of browsing behaviour.
Evaluation is central in research and development of information retrieval (IR). In addition to designing and implementing new retrieval mechanisms, one must also show through rigorous evaluation that they are effective. A major focus in IR is IR mechanisms’ capability of ranking relevant documents optimally for the users, given a query. Searching for information in practice involves searchers, however, and is highly interactive. When human searchers have been incorporated in evaluation studies, the results have often suggested that better ranking does not necessarily lead to better search task, or work task, performance. Therefore, it is not clear which system or interface features should be developed to improve the effectiveness of human task performance. In the present article, we focus on the evaluation of task-based information interaction (TBII). We give special emphasis to learning tasks to discuss TBII in more concrete terms. Information interaction is here understood as behavioral and cognitive activities related to task planning, searching information items, selecting between them, working with them, and synthesizing and reporting. These five generic activities contribute to task performance and outcome and can be supported by information systems. In an attempt toward task-based evaluation, we introduce program theory as the evaluation framework. Such evaluation can investigate whether a program consisting of TBII activities and tools works and how it works and, further, provides a causal description of program (in)effectiveness. Our goal in the present article is to structure TBII on the basis of the five generic activities and consider the evaluation of each activity using the program theory framework. Finally, we combine these activity-based program theories in an overall evaluation framework for TBII. Such an evaluation is complex due to the large number of factors affecting information interaction. Instead of presenting tested program theories, we illustrate how the evaluation of TBII should be accomplished using the program theory framework in the evaluation of systems and behaviors, and their interactions, comprehensively in context.
This article considers the challenges and opportunities associated with the production and reception of electronic editions of Renaissance drama. Chief amongst these challenges are the long shadows cast by the cultural, scholarly, and economic investments in Shakespeare, and the institutions, conventions, and scholarly status of print publishing. This article argues that electronic editions force us to rethink existing publishing models and notions of scholarship, to recognize that digitizing primary materials alone is no substitute for critical editions, and to acknowledge that, despite the challenges associated with them, electronic editions will play a far greater role in expanding the canon of Renaissance drama as taught, studied, and performed than their print counterparts.
As multitouch phones and tablets become more popular, multitouch technologies receive increasing attention. The underlying interaction paradigm of such devices is the space on which objects are manipulated by the user's fingertips. It is natural that hypertext narratives find their way from primarily mouse-driven interaction to spatial structures and visually rich presentations. In this article we propose three features for multitouch hypertext narrative applications: (i) Native multitouch support and direct manipulations of fictive objects; (ii) using the space as a structuring mechanism rather than a means for presentation; and (iii) supporting presentation of visually rich objects. Our prototype, TouchStory, is a novel tool specialized for authoring and reading hypertext narratives that integrates these features.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the ways in which users can navigate within nonfction ebooks by browsing, searching and using indexes and to consider potential improvements. DESIGN & METHODS: This article is based on a review of the literature, investigation of browse, search and index functionality in a variety of reading devices, and involvement in the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF) EPUB Indexes Working Group. The research includes all nonfction ebooks that are readable on portable devices, but does not include retrieval of ebooks. RESULTS: Ebook navigation depends on searching, browsing and using indexes. For some books and some reading devices these navigation methods do not work as well as they should, and problems with navigation defect readers from their main purpose. Future developments that will enable ebooks to provide the key navigation features available in print books (pbooks) as well as additional tools based on the ability to search electronic text were identifed. CONCLUSIONS: Ebooks are not just digitised pbooks. They may have additional features but may also be missing components such as indexes and images. Developments in ebooks, including the EPUB standard, and ongoing improvements in ereader hardware, mean that ebook navigation through browse, search, and indexes has the potential to become less intrusive and more helpful to readers.
Digital library research has demonstrated the impact of content presentation on both search and reading behaviours. In this paper, we scrutinise the influence of ebook presentation on user behaviour, focussing on document thumbnails and the first page view. We demonstrate that flaws in presentation increase the volume of short time-span reading, and reduce the likelihood of long-span reading when compared to other documents. This reflects other patterns of information seeking behaviour that demonstrate increased short-term reading when information content is uncertain, and suggests an ineffective use of reader time on less useful content.
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