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Editorial:The ascent of green crime: Exploring the nexus between the net zero transition and organized crime
Abstract
Green crime, net zero, organized crime, decarbonisation, renewable energy, heat pumps
In the period following the Industrial Revolution, the changing production and consumption patterns and the effects of companies on the environment have also changed. As a result of the large-scale production of many established factories and production units, they have had a large share in the pollution of the environment by producing waste at the same rate. Pollution has started to originate from both the production facilities and the wastes of the end user, so polluting factors have now penetrated a much wider geography than before. As a result of increasing environmental pollution, it is seen that the wastes produced by companies and the negative externalities they cause are being questioned at the social level. Developing environmental awareness enables businesses to adopt an attitude that is sensitive to nature, which is also known as green management, that protects and sustains all living and non-living assets, and aims to minimize or even eliminate the environmental and economic damages caused to the environment during production. As a result of the adoption of the green management approach, the increase in low carbon energy demand reduces the demand for oil and gas in the energy sector, pushing the use of traditional energy sources into question. In this direction, the possibility of fraud is more likely in enterprises operating in the energy sector, especially in gas and oil producing enterprises. In this study, firstly, the concept of fraud was discussed in detail; afterward, examples of fraud that occurred in the energy sector are included. The potential fraud possibilities that the businesses in the sector may encounter were evaluated and in the conclusion part of the study, prevention methods were discussed.
Despite the presence of organized crime in northeastern Mexico, the region has a functioning economy that attracts new investment to energy projects, especially those involving fossil fuels. This may be because legal and illegal markets there tend to overlap and function under hybrid governance schemes. The hybridization of governance is an expression of the fact that legality and illegality are embedded in contemporary capitalist markets. This embeddedness is not an abnormal condition but the way in which societies deal locally with organized crime, and violence serves as the primary regulatory mechanism in disputed territories and markets.
A pesar de la presencia del crimen organizado en el noreste de México, la región tiene una economía funcional que atrae nuevas inversiones a proyectos energéticos, especialmente aquellos relacionados con combustibles fósiles. Esto puede deberse a que, ahí, los mercados legales e ilegales tienden a solaparse y funcionar en el marco de los sistemas de gobernanza híbrida. La hibridación de la gobernanza es una expresión del hecho de que la legalidad y la ilegalidad están incrustadas en los mercados capitalistas contemporáneos. Dicha incrustación no es una condición anormal, sino la forma en que las sociedades se ocupan localmente del crimen organizado, y la violencia sirve como el principal mecanismo regulador en los territorios y mercados en disputa.
Purpose
– This article purports to show that an adequate anti-money laundering (AML) regime must be integrated into the carbon emissions market industry in order for it to function effectively, meet its intended goals, and prevent criminals from developing innovative methods to take advantage of particular vulnerabilities this unique market type has created.
Design/methodology/approach
– This article discusses the formation of the international carbon emissions marketplace. It posits that critical to the formation and effective operation of any carbon emissions trading market is the simultaneous coexistence of an AML regime preventing criminals from taking advantage of legislative deficiencies. Lastly, the article formulates and analyzes emerging criminal typology threats to which current, developing, and future carbon emissions markets are and will be subject.
Findings
– Under the EU ETS, effective AML safeguards were not initially included in the implementation and formation of the EU's carbon emissions trading market, subjecting it to numerous threats and abuses from criminals. The lack of an effective AML regime has resulted in novel and unique criminal typology threats that are currently emerging and need to be addressed to prevent abuses in new and existing carbon emissions trading markets.
Research limitations/implications
– The EU has recently started addressing its lack of effective AML safeguards in its carbon emissions trading market. As such, the adequacy of legislative developments needs to be examined over time. Additionally, because many of the emerging criminal typologies identified are based on recent and limited data, further research on the extent of criminality that is actually occurring is recommended.
Originality/value
– Because emerging criminal typology threats in carbon emissions trading markets has not been researched at the scholarly level, this article is unique and has substantial value to the AML community.
The ten point plan for a green industrial revolution
- Hm Government