Content uploaded by Neny Yuli Susanti
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Neny Yuli Susanti on Aug 02, 2022
Content may be subject to copyright.
How to Cite:
Muldaniyah, M., Saleh, U. K. S., Rajia, R., & Susanti, N. Y. (2022). Knowledge relationship of
pregnant women Primigravida and completeness of ANC visit with anxiety levels of mothers facing
childbirth. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(S1), 10184–10192.
https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS1.7400
International Journal of Health Sciences ISSN 2550-6978 E-ISSN 2550-696X © 2022.
Manuscript submitted: 27 March 2022, Manuscript revised: 18 April 2022, Accepted for publication: 9 May 2022
10184
Knowledge relationship of pregnant women
Primigravida and completeness of ANC visit
with anxiety levels of mothers facing childbirth
Muldaniyah
Institute of Health Science Graha Edukasi, Makassar, Indonesia
Email: Niamilda33@gmail.com
Ummi Kaltsum S. Saleh
Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Email: ummikaltsum13@gmail.com
Rajia
Institute of Health and Technology Buton Raya, Baubau, Indonesia
Email: r4jia10vinji@gmail.com
Neny Yuli Susanti
Ibrahimy University
Email: nenyyulisusanti@gmail.com
Abstract---Routine pregnancy check-ups are very important so that
problems experienced by pregnant women can be found as early as
possible and can be overcome, before they develop into a danger to
both the mother and the baby. The purpose of this study was to
determine the relationship between knowledge of primigravida
pregnant women and the completeness of ANC visits with the level of
maternal anxiety facing childbirth. The type of research used is a
cross sectional study. The sample in this study were pregnant women
in the third trimester who experienced anxiety during the fasting
month as many as 59 people with purposive sampling technique.
Based on the results of the chi-square analysis, p = 0.012 is smaller
than = 0.05, which means Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. Thus
there is a relationship between knowledge and the level of maternal
anxiety facing childbirth. Based on the results of the chi-square
analysis, p = 0.024 is smaller than = 0.05, which means Ho is rejected
and Ha is accepted. Thus, there is a relationship between the
completeness of ANC visits and the level of maternal anxiety facing
childbirth. It is hoped that they can improve services and skills in
dealing with anxiety facing childbirth and midwives can take prompt
10185
and appropriate action in accordance with their standards and
authority.
Keywords---Knowledge, Pregnant Women, Primigravida, ANC visit
equipment.
Introduction
Indonesia's National Making Prenancy Safe (MPS) Strategy Plan mentioned in
indonesia's health development technology plan is that pregnancy and childbirth
in Indonesia are safe, and babies are born alive and healthy. The mission of MPS
is to lower maternal and neonatal pain and death rates through activities that
promote maternal and newborn health. Routine pre-natal examination or
commonly called Antenatal care (ANC) visits is very important so that pregnant
women can be found problems as early as possible and can be overcome, before
developing into harm to the mother and the baby. Pregnant women should
undergo health checks at least four times during pregnancy, namely once in the
First Trimester of 0-14 weeks of pregnancy, once in the Second Trimester of
gestational age before 28 weeks and twice in the THIRD Trimester of pregnancy
28-36 weeks and after 36 weeks. (Bobak, 2013).
Pregnancy is a dream that is highly anticipated and expected by married couples.
In general, pregnancy develops normally and results in the birth of a healthy baby
quite a month through the birth canal. However, not all results of pregnancy and
childbirth will please a husband, mother and baby born healthy, but pregnant
women face emergencies with mild to severe degrees that can provide the danger
of discomfort, dissatisfaction, pain, disability and even death for pregnant women,
high risk, and low who experience complications in childbirth (Salmah. Dkk.
2012).
Since the time of pregnancy, the mother has experienced anxiety and anxiety.
Anxiety and anxiety during pregnancy are inevitable events and part of a process
of reasonable adjustment to the physical and psychological changes that occur
during pregnancy. This change occurs due to hormonal changes that will make it
easier for the fetus to grow and develop until the time of birth (Leary, 2014).
Pregnancy itself is grouped into three trimesters, namely the first trimester (0-3
months), the second trimester (4-6 months), and the third trimester (7-9 months).
In the first trimester, usually a mother easily depresses, which is caused by
increased frequency of urination, morning sickness, fatigue, and fatigue. When
the mother's gestational age enters the second trimester, it will stop, and will
come back again when the mother enters the gestational age in the trimester III
(Lestari, 2012).
A research study conducted by Rukmanah Fitriah (2018) at Tarakan Hospital
showed that of the 64 people who were used as respondents, as many as 41
people with an ANC level of knowledge and completeness with anxiety before
delivery. After being tested through the chi square test obtained nilaI α 0.014
which means Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. As for the third trimester,
10186
anxiety before delivery will appear. The question and shadow of whether it can
give birth normally, how to strain, whether something will happen during
childbirth, or whether the baby is born safely, will increasingly appear in the
minds of pregnant women. Pain at the time of delivery has long been the subject
of conversation for pregnant women. (Atkinson, 2011) outher research shows
there is a significant increase in the knowledge of pregnant women respondents
after being given counseling (Artika Dewie, Anna Veronica Pont, 2021).
Anxiety is a brief period of nervousness or fear that a person experiences when
faced with a difficult experience in life. Pregnancy can be a source of anxiety
stressors, especially in a mother who is unstable in her soul. Therefore, many
young mothers-to-be face the birth of their children with feelings of fear and
anxiety. With the age of pregnancy, the attention and thoughts of pregnant
women begin to be focused on something that is considered climax, so that the
anxiety and fear experienced by pregnant women will intensify at the time of
delivery. At the age of seven months and above, the level of anxiety of pregnant
women is increasingly acute and intensive as the birth of the baby approaches.
Fear before delivery topped the list of most commonly experienced mothers during
pregnancy (Saifuddin, AB. 2012). the main component that is key in the
development of performance management for midwives in midwifery care is
Professional Standards (Laila, Ahmad, Syarif, & Ahmar, 2021).
Worries and anxiety in pregnant women if not treated seriously will have an
impact and influence on the physical and psychic, both on the mother and fetus.
Pregnant women who experience anxiety or stress then the heart rate will
increase, and she will end the baby prematurely or smaller than other normal
babies and even have a miscarriage. One of the most important health service
efforts is to improve Maternal and Child Health, one of which concerns the
services and maintenance of pregnant women, for example with the Sayang Ibu
Movement Program (GSI). This GSI aims to improve the quality of life of women as
human resources, especially during pregnancy by planning a healthy and well-
planned pregnancy.
Research Method
This research is quantitative research. Researchers used a research design with a
cross sectional study method, which aims at Knowledge of Pregnant Women
Primigravida and Completeness of ANC Visits With Anxiety Levels of Mothers
Facing Childbirth at the Liukang Tupabbiring Health Center Pangkep Regency.
Populai in this study are all pregnant women who visited the antenatal room at
the Liukang Tupabbiring Health Center Pangkep regency as many as 105 people
and sample calculations as many as 59 people using the lameshow formula. The
data collected is primary data that is spreading questionnaires /questionnaires.
Data processing uses the Chi - Square Test at a 95% meaningful rate (p < 0.05)
(Agus, 2014)
Research Result
The results of this Univariate analysis are presented in the form of tables and
explanations as follows:
10187
Knowledge
Table 1
Frequency Distribution Based on Knowledge of Pregnant Women Primigravida
Third Trimester
Knowledge
Frequency
Percents (%)
Good
32
54,2
Less
27
45,8
Total
59
100,0
Source: Data Primer
Based on table 5.1 showed that of the 59 respondents, the knowledgeable as
many as 32 people (54.2%) and the knowledgeable less as many as 27 people
(45.8%).
Completeness of ANC Visit
Table 2
Frequency Distribution Based on Completeness of ANC Visits
Completeness of ANC Visit
Frequency
Percents (%)
Yes
37
62,7
No
22
37,3
Total
59
100,0
Source: Primary Data
Based on table 5.2 shows that of the 59 respondents, who have complete ANC
visits as many as 37 people (62.7%) and who do not have the completeness of
ANC visits as many as 22 people (37.3%).
Anxiety
Table 3
Frequency Distribution about Maternal Anxiety Levels Facing Childbirth
Anxiety Level
Frequency
Percents (%)
Light
44
74,6
So Heavy
15
25,4
Total
59
100,0
Source: Primary Data
Table 5.3 showed that of the 59 responders, 44 had mild anxiety levels (74.5%)
and severe anxiety of 15 (25.4%).
The results of this bivariate analysis are presented in the form of tables and
explanations as follows:
Bivariate analysis is used to get an idea of whether there is a relationship between
independent variables and dependent variables. Testing this research hypothesis
10188
using the Chi-Square test, if it is not eligible for the Chi-Square alternative test.
Testing research data using the help of the SPSS program version 16.00 for
Windows obtained the following analysis results:
Knowledge Relationship of Pregnant Women Primigravida with Anxiety
Levels
Table 4.
Knowledge Relationship of Pregnant Women Primigravida with Anxiety Levels of
Pregnant Women Facing Childbirth
Knowledge
Maternal Anxiety Levels
Facing Childbirth
Total
P Value
Light
Heavy
n
%
n
%
N
%
0.002
Good
29
49,2
3
5,1
32
73,5
Less
15
25,4
12
20,3
27
26,5
Total
44
74,6
15
25,4
59
100,0
Source: Primary Data
Table 5.4 showed that of the 59 people sampled, who were well-informed as many
as 32 people, there were 29 people (49.2%) who experienced mild anxiety and
severe anxiety as many as 3 people (5.1%). While the knowledgeable was less than
27 people, there were 15 people (25.4%) who experienced mild anxiety and who
experienced severe anxiety as many as 12 people (20.3%).
Based on the results of the chi-square analysis obtained p = 0.002 smaller than α
= 0.05, this means ho rejected and Ha accepted. Thus there is a relationship
between knowledge and the level of anxiety of mothers facing childbirth.
Relationship of ANC Visit Completeness with Maternal Anxiety Levels
Table 5.
Relationship of ANC Visit Completeness With Anxiety Levels Mother Faces
Childbirth
Completeness of ANC
Visit
Maternal Anxiety Levels
Facing Childbirth
Total
Nilai p
Light
Heavy
n
%
n
%
N
%
0.001
Complete
33
55,9
4
6,8
37
62,7
Incomplete
11
18,6
11
18,6
22
37,3
Total
44
74,6
15
25,4
59
100,0
Source: Primary Data
Table 5.5 showed that of the 59 people sampled, who had completed an ANC visit
of 37 people, there were 33 people (55.9%) who experienced mild anxiety, and who
experienced severe anxiety as many as 4 people (6.8%). While those who did not
have complete an ANC visit as many as 22 people, there were 11 people (18.6%)
10189
who experienced mild anxiety and who experienced severe anxiety as many as 11
people (18.6%).
Based on the results of the chi-square analysis obtained p = 0.001 smaller than α
= 0.05, this means ho rejected and Ha accepted. Thus there is a relationship
between the completeness of an ANC visit and the level of anxiety of the mother
facing childbirth.
Discussion
Knowledge Relationship of Pregnant Women Primigravida Trimester III With
Anxiety Levels
Knowledge will determine and influence a person's attitude in the face of
childbirth. Knowledge of childbirth has an important role with the relationship of
preparing pregnant women in the face of childbirth later. The unpreparedness of
pregnant women due to an unknown or lack of information about pregnancy and
childbirth, especially for primigravida mothers, can increase anxiety (Astuti. SR,
2011).
The period of pregnancy starts from conception until the birth of the fetus, where
the duration of normal pregnancy is 280 days or 40 weeks or 9 months 7 days
calculated from the first day of the last menstruation. In pregnant women in the
third trimester of psychological changes in the mother seem more komleks and
increased again than the previous trimester and none other than the condition of
pregnancy that is getting bigger. If pregnant women do not have good knowledge
and good childbirth preparations, the mother will easily experience anxiety
(Sarwono, 2012).
Anxiety of pregnant women is a psychological condition or unpleasant feelings
that threaten individuals during the womb of 7-9 months, where the object of
anxiety is not clear, due to physiological changes such as changes in body shape
or the uterus that is getting bigger and the stomach decreases and pressures felt
in the stomach that cause instability psychological conditions, such as feeling
afraid, Worried, anxious and ignorant of what will happen and what she should
do after her child is born (Tarwono, et al., 2014)
Knowledge is the result of a person sensing a certain object. If primigravida
mothers do not get information about the condition of their pregnancy this will
make primigravida mothers experience anxiety. The results showed that of the 59
people who were used as a sample, who were well-informed as many as 32 people,
there were 29 people (49.2%) who experienced mild anxiety and severe anxiety as
many as 3 people (5.1%). While the knowledgeable was less than 27 people, there
were 15 people (25.4%) who experienced mild anxiety and who experienced severe
anxiety as many as 12 people (20.3%). Based on the results of the chi-square
analysis obtained p = 0.002 smaller than α = 0.05, this means ho rejected and Ha
accepted. Thus there is a relationship between knowledge and the level of anxiety
of mothers facing childbirth.
10190
Relationship of ANC Visit Completeness with Maternal Anxiety Levels
Antenatala Care (ANC) ANC is an antenatal service provided to pregnant women.
Services are carried out to prepare for childbirth and birth in order to prevent
problems that arise during pregnancy. For this reason, the government makes
antenatal care service policies visited at least 4 times during pregnancy.
Compliance of pregnant women in conducting ANC visits can affect the anxiety
level of primigravida mothers in dealing with the labor process (Depkes RI, 2014)
The results showed that of the 59 people who were used as a sample, who had
complete ANC visits as many as 37 people, there were 33 people (55.9%) who
experienced mild anxiety, and who experienced severe anxiety as many as 4
people (6.8%). While those who did not have complete an ANC visit as many as 22
people, there were 11 people (18.6%) who experienced mild anxiety and who
experienced severe anxiety as many as 11 people (18.6%). Based on the results of
the chi-square analysis obtained p = 0.001 smaller than α = 0.05, this means ho
rejected and Ha accepted. Thus there is a relationship between the completeness
of an ANC visit and the level of anxiety of the mother facing childbirth.
Based on research conducted by Tina Ariesta (2014) at the Palangkaraya Health
Center, dominant has complete ANC visits but experiences anxiety facing
childbirth where obtained a value of α = 0.017 which means Ho was rejected and
Ha accepted.
Researchers concluded that at the time of antenatal care (ANC) midwife's visit
should be able to build a trusting relationship with pregnant women, midwives
must be able to detect problems and deal with them, midwives must be able to
take preventive measures such as tetanus nenatorum, iron deficiency anemia,
and midwives must explain all preparations for the birth of the baby and
readiness to face complications, as well as encourage the mother for nutritional
fulfillment, cleanliness and adequate rest. Briefing can be given in the second
trimester before entering the third trimester because the mother already feels
healthy. The mother's body has become accustomed to her pregnancy and the
mother has accepted her pregnancy and began to be able to use her energy and
thoughts more constructively so as to reduce anxiety in the face of the process of
marriage.
Conclusion
After the author conducts the study, the conclusion can be drawn as follows:
1) Based on the results of the chi-square analysis obtained p = 0.002 smaller
than α = 0.05, this means ho rejected and Ha accepted. Thus there is a
relationship between knowledge and the level of anxiety of mothers facing
childbirth.
2) Based on the results of the chi-square analysis obtained p = 0.001 smaller
than α = 0.05, this means ho rejected and Ha accepted. Thus there is a
relationship between the completeness of an ANC visit and the level of
anxiety of the mother facing childbirth.
10191
Suggestion
After conducting research and obtaining conclusions, researchers give some
suggestions as follows:
1) It is expected to improve services and skills in dealing with anxiety in the
face of childbirth and midwives can take swift and appropriate action in
accordance with their standards and authorities.
2) Mothers are expected to go immediately to the midwife or to the health
service if there are complaints or signs of danger in pregnancy or signs of
childbirth.
3) Expected in future research to examine other variables and use other
research methods.
Acknowledgments
Our deepest gratitude goes to all those who have contributed both materially and
morally in the process of preparing this research, aswell as deep gratitude to the
almighty God who has given the research team the opportunity in terms of time,
cost and compactness that is quite solid in the process of completion.
References
Agus, R, 2014. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data Kesehatan. Jogjakarta: Nuha Medik.
Arikunto. 2014. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Jakarta: PT.
Rineka Cipta
Artika Dewie, Anna Veronica Pont, H. (2021). Penyuluhan Berpengaruh terhadap
Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Senam Hamil. Ahmar Metastasis
Health Journal, 1(2), 43–48. Retrieved from http://journal.ahmareduc.or.id
/index.php/AMHJ/article/view/7/7
Astuti.SR, 2011. Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Dalam Menghadapi Persalinan. Jakarta:
Yayasan Bina Pustaka.
Atkinson, 2011. Kecemasan Menghadapi Persalinan. Jakarta : RIneka Cipta
Bobak, 2013. Buku Ajar Kperawatan Maternitas Edisi 4. Jakarta: EGC.
Depkes.RI, 2014. Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Ibu Multigravida. Jakarta:
Departement Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Laila, I., Ahmad, M., Syarif, S., & Ahmar, H. (2021). The Performance of Midwives
in Managing Childbirth Using a Digital Partograph. International Journal of Life
Sciences, 5(2), 26–35. Retrieved from
https://sciencescholar.us/journal/index.php/ijls/article/view/1219/592
Leary, 2014. Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Ibu Primigravida Menjelang Persalinan.
Jakarta: PT. Bina Pustaka.
Lestari, D. 2012. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan. Jakarta:
Salemba Medika.
Rukmanah Fitriah. 2013. Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Primigravida
Trimester III dan Kelengkapan Kunjungan ANC Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan
Ibu Menghadapi Persalinan di RSUD Tarakan
Saifuddin AB, 2012. Buku Panduan Praktis Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal dan
Neonatal. Yayasan Bina Pustaka: Jakarta.
Sarwono. 2012. Ilmu Kebidanan. Jakarta : EGC
Sarwono. P, 2013. Ilmu Kebidanan. EGC, Jakarta.
10192
Salmah. Dkk. 2012. Asuhan kebidanan Antenatal. Jakarta : EGC.
Tarwono, dkk, 2014. Kecemasan Kehamilan. Jakarta: Yayasan Bina Pustaka
Tina Ariesta. 2014. Hubungan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Primigravida Trimester III
dan Kelengkapan Kunjungan ANC Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu
Menghadapi Persalinan di RSUD Padjonga Dg. Ngalle Takalar
Wiknjosastro, 2013. Ilmu Kebidanan. Edisi Ketiga. Cetakan Keempat. Yayasan
Bina Pustaka Sarwono Prawiroharjo, Jakarta.
