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MARINE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE 21st CENTURY: CURRENT SITUATION AND TRENDS

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María Maestro at Universidad de Cádiz
María Maestro
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CONCLUSIONS
HYPOTHESES AND OBJECTIVES
RESULTS
INTRODUCTION
Trends in the management of MPAs
Declaration of MPAs
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS IN THE 21st CENTURY:
CURRENT SITUATION AND TRENDS
M. Maestro (maria.maestrocano@alum.uca.es), M.L. Pérez-Cayeiro (isa.perez@uca.es) y J.A. Chica Ruiz (adolfo.chica@uca.es)
Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz.
NAEu
AusNZ
O
LatC
ESEAs
CSAs
WAsNAf
SubAf
•Management plan
several years after
declaration
•Little information
•No management plan
•Ecosystem approach
•Damage by human
activities
•Management plan
•Sustainable
development
Before 2005
Protection of biodiversity
and fish resources
After 2010
Sustainability of fisheries
Analyse the current situation of the
MPAs
Determine if there are differences in
the declaration of MPAs across the
world
Asses the progress made in the
management of MPAs
MPAs are a useful tool for restoring the natural capital of the planet, and an ecosystem
approach is being introduced in the management of the marine environment, with the aim of
ensuring the supply of services that the oceans offer.
There is evidence that protection has begun to expand beyond national waters
The role of the MPAs is firmly established as a necessary instrument to re-establish climate
stability
There has been a paradigm shift in the management of MPAs at the international level. This evolution should
facilitate increasingly sustainable management compatible with socioeconomic development
Management based on ecosystems has been the prevailing tendency for international organisations. Most
developed countries value ecosystem services, however, in developing countries there are other priorities for
human well-being
The reasons that lead to the declaration of MPAs are being unified in different regions of the world
The conservation of coastal-marine areas is no longer an end in itself,but has
evolved towards more ambitious targets. However, most marine conservation
continues to be concentrated in national waters
The oceans remain one of the ecosystems most affected by the development of
human activities
International guidelines fulfill their purpose, and all regions are moving towards a
holistic management approach. However, there are differences between
countries that are more developed and those that are not
1
2
3
Galapagos National Park (Ecuador)
Natural Park of the Strait (Spain)
1934
First
MPA Everglades National Park (Florida)
1974
Regional Seas
Programme
1975
First
specific conference on MPA (Tokyo)
1982
United
Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1992
Convention
on Biological Diversity
1998
International
Year of the Oceans
2010
Aichi Targets
2012
2030
Agenda
Environmental crisis Deterioration of
marine ecosystems
METHODOLOGY
Increase in MPAs
Information has been extracted from the UNEP-WCMC database on the
evolution and current status of MPAs
The planet has been divided into eight regions
For each of the regions, information has been extracted from the United
Nations Statistical Division on the surface area of MPAs and the
percentage of their waters under protected national jurisdiction
Two MPAs have been selected for the eight regions
The reasons that led to the declaration of the MPA and its management
objectives have been identified
Progress that has been made in the management of MPAs during the 21st
century have been identified and evaluated
Growth in the coverage (%) of MPAs worldwide
Evolution of the coverage (%) of MPAs over time in different
regions of the world
•15.609 MPAs
•25 million km2
•6.97% world ocean
•16.02% AUNJ
•1.18% ABNJ
•20 largest MPAs 70%
Current status of MPAs within an international framework
Major milestones in marine conservation
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