Chapter

Wissenschaftstheoretische Grundlagen

April 2022

DOI:10.1007/978-3-658-34287-6_25

In book: Evolutorische Ökonomik, Konzepte, Wegbereiter und Anwendungsfelder (pp.349-359)

Authors:

Lambert T. Koch

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

Walter Otto Otsch

Cusanus Hochschule für Gesellschaftsgestaltung

Cusanus Hochschule für Gesellschaftsgestaltung

Der Artikel verbindet Grundpositionen der Wissenschaftstheorie und ihrer Geschichte mit Grundpositionen der Philosophie und ihrer Geschichte, insbesondere mit ihrer Erkenntnistheorie (Teil I). Für die evolutorische Ökonomik wird dabei vor allem auf die Frage eingegangen, auf welche Weise Wissen in den Wissenschaften generiert werden und wie sich Wissen weiter entwickelt (Teil II). Im letzten Teil wird erörtert, ob und wie die Wissenschaftsentwicklung der ökonomischen Theorie selbst als evolutorischer Prozess verstanden werden kann.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

Lakatos’ Mitigated Scepticism in the Philosophy of Mathematics

January 2002

Teun Koetsier

Lakatos liked to view his work in the philosophy of mathematics against the background of the traditional epistemological battle between dogmatists and sceptics. Dogmatists are those who hold A) that we can attain truth and B) that we can know that we have attained truth. Sceptics are those who hold A) that we cannot attain truth, or at least B) that we cannot know that we have attained truth. ... [Show full abstract] Lakatos himself represented a form of mitigated scepticism (often called critical fallibilism). Like the sceptics, he held A) that we cannot attain truth, or at least B) that we cannot know that we have attained truth, but he held in addition — and in this respect he distinguished himself from extreme sceptics — C) that we can improve our knowledge and know that we have improved it.

Article

Computing as Engineering

January 2009 · JOURNAL OF UNIVERSAL COMPUTER SCIENCE

Matti Tedre

Computing as a discipline is often characterized as a combination of three major traditions: theoretical, scientific, and engineering tradition. Although the three traditions are all considered equally necessary for modern computing, the engineering tradition is often considered to be useful but to lack intellectual depth. This article discusses the basic intellectual background of the ... [Show full abstract] engineering tradition of computing. The article depicts the engineering aims manifest in the academic field of computing, compares the engineering tradition with the other traditions of computing as a discipline, and presents some epistemological, ontological, and methodological views concerning the engineering tradition of computing. The article aims at giving the reader an overview of the engineering tradition in computing and of some open questions about the intellectual foundations and contributions of the engineering tradition in computing.

Chapter

Donald Schön

January 2009

Donald Alan Schön was a pre-eminent scholar of professional practice and learning. He is most celebrated for his work on the reflective practitioner and on organisational learning. He made significant contributions to the fields of education, management, urban planning, and design. His original intellectual home, however, was philosophy and throughout his career he regarded himself as a ... [Show full abstract] “displaced philosopher” (Waks 2001, p. 37). He wrote his Ph.D. thesis on the philosopher John Dewey's theory of inquiry, and as Sanyal (1998, p. 6) notes, “the Deweyian notion that all knowledge derives from practice remained at the heart of Don's formulation of the epistemological foundation of effective practice”.

Article

10 - Verification vs. Falsification

April 2022

Richard Ned Lebow

What do we mean by theory in international relations? What kinds of knowledge do theories seek? How do they stipulate it is found? How should we evaluate any resulting knowledge claims? What do answers to these questions tell us about the theory project in IR, and in the social sciences more generally? Lebow explores these questions in a critical evaluation of the positivist and interpretivist ... [Show full abstract] epistemologies. He identifies tensions and problems specific to each epistemology, and some shared by both, and suggests possible responses. By exploring the relationship between the foundations of theories and the empirical assumptions they encode, Lebow's analysis enables readers to examine in greater depth the different approaches to theory and their related research strategies. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations theory and philosophy of social science.

Article

Hermeneutics and translation: The question of "the appropriation" or the relation of the "one's own"...

January 2004

J.E. Wilhelm

The author examines the problematic of "appropriation" and the question of making "one's own" what was "alien" in the tradition of hermeneutic philosophy in relation to translation, from Friedrich Schleiermacher to Hans-Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricœur. If hermeneutics is translation, according to the great philosophers of the tradition, it is crucial to examine how translation can be the model of ... [Show full abstract] interpretation. The text as writing, requiring reading and therefore interpretation, is an essentiel dimension of hermeneutics and the point, according to the author, where hermeneutics and translation studies meet. In seeking to describe understanding and the concept of "meaning," hermeneutic philosophy, for the author, can contribute to the epistemological foundation of translation studies.

Chapter

Sachregister

January 2016

Oliver R. Scholz

Menschen sind Wesen, die etwas verstehen (oder mißverstehen) können. Das Buch behandelt die Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Theorie des Verstehens und der Interpretation. Eine Reise durch Formen hermeneutischer Reflexion führt von den Verfahren der Allegorese über die Hermeneutica generalis der Neuzeit bis zur Analytischen Philosophie der Sprache und der Philosophischen Hermeneutik H.-G. Gadamers. ... [Show full abstract] Bei allen Diskontinuitäten wird seit dem 17. Jahrhundert ein zusammenhängendes Projekt erkennbar, das die Bezeichnung "allgemeine Hermeneutik" verdient. Die Hermeneutik ist eine Disziplin der theoretischen Philosophie, eng verzahnt mit der Erkenntnistheorie, der Sprach- und Zeichenphilosophie, der Philosophie des Geistes sowie der Methodologie. Der Allgemeinheitscharakter der Hermeneutik hat zwei Aspekte. Sie hat einen weiten Gegenstandsbereich: alle Phänomene, bei denen ein Unterschied zwischen Richtig-und Falschverstehen intersubjektiv etabliert ist. Zudem sind allgemeine Grundsätze der Interpretation in Geltung, unter denen Prinzipien der hermeneutischen Billigkeit oder Nachsicht prominent sind: Wahrheits-, Konsistenz-und Rationalitätsunterstellungen. Im zweiten Teil wird der Status allgemeiner Interpretationsprinzipien geklärt: Sie sind Präsumtionsregeln mit widerleglichen Präsumtionen. Die hermeneutischen Präsumtionen sind konstitutive Bedingungen für die Praxen der Verständigung mit Zeichen und der alltagspsychologischen Erklärung von Handlungen sowie für die Anwendung der dabei zentralen Begriffe ("propositionale Einstellung", "Bedeutung", "Handlung" etc.). Im dritten Teil wird am Beispiel des Sprachverstehens vorgeführt, wie die Untersuchung zentraler Verstehensformen vonstatten gehen kann. Am Leitfaden des Verstehensbegriffs wird eine Neuorientierung der Sprachphilosophie vorgenommen.

Article

Philosophy of education as Philosophy: A metaphilosophical inquiry

August 2007 · Educational Theory

George Pollack

Abstract What is the philosophical status of the philosophy of education? Is it philosophy, no different from the philosophy of science and the philosophy of mind? Much depends on where these latter derive their philosophical bona fides from. There are two ways of viewing the matter. On one account, they are subdivisions of the veritable philosophy branches of metaphysics and epistemology. It ... [Show full abstract] being impossible to view philosophy of education as comparably emanating from any of the philosophical originals, this approach effectively deprives it of proper philosophical standing. On the other account, nonoriginal philosophy branches may be viewed as attaining philosophihood, each on its own. Such a purview provides the maneuverability needed to countenance the philosophical nature of philosophy of education as well. Still, George Pollack argues in this essay that if it is to fully accommodate philosophy of education, philosophy will need to be reconceived to include the unearthing of the philosophical foundations of a social practice.

Article

16 - International Relations as an Ethical Practice

April 2022

Richard Ned Lebow

What do we mean by theory in international relations? What kinds of knowledge do theories seek? How do they stipulate it is found? How should we evaluate any resulting knowledge claims? What do answers to these questions tell us about the theory project in IR, and in the social sciences more generally? Lebow explores these questions in a critical evaluation of the positivist and interpretivist ... [Show full abstract] epistemologies. He identifies tensions and problems specific to each epistemology, and some shared by both, and suggests possible responses. By exploring the relationship between the foundations of theories and the empirical assumptions they encode, Lebow's analysis enables readers to examine in greater depth the different approaches to theory and their related research strategies. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations theory and philosophy of social science.

Article

Epistemology (Prentice-Hall Foundations of Philosophy Series) by Richard Feldman

January 2006 · Tijdschrift voor Filosofie

Leon Horsten

Chapter

Direct Perceptual Realism II: Non‐Conceptual Content

October 2006

Robert Alan Hanna

This book argues for the importance of Kant's theories of the epistemological, metaphysical, and practical foundations of the ‘exact sciences’ — relegated to the dustbin of the history of philosophy for most of the 20th century. It has two aims, one negative and one positive. Its negative aim is to develop a Kantian critique of scientific naturalism. Its positive and more fundamental aim is to ... [Show full abstract] work out the elements of a humane, realistic, and nonreductive Kantian account of the foundations of the exact sciences. According to this account, the essential properties of the natural world are directly knowable through human sense perception (empirical realism), and practical reason is both explanatorily and ontologically prior to theoretical reason (the primacy of the practical).

Article

Chapter 34 Remarks on the Foundations of Agent-Based Generative Social Science

December 2006 · Handbook of Computational Economics

Joshua M Epstein

This chapter treats a variety of epistemological issues surrounding generative explanation in the social sciences, and discusses the role of agent-based computational models in generative social science.

Book

The Plausibility of Future Scenarios: Conceptualising an Unexplored Criterion in Scenario Planning

July 2020

Ricarda Schmidt Scheele

What does plausibility mean in relation to scenario planning and how do users of scenarios assess it? Despite the concept's ubiquity, its epistemological and empirical foundations remain unexplored in previous research. Ricarda Schmidt-Scheele offers an interdisciplinary perspective: she presents approaches from philosophy of sciences, cognitive psychology, narrative theory and linguistics, and ... [Show full abstract] tests key hypotheses in an experimental study. A conceptual map lays out indicators for scenario plausibility and explains how assessments vary across scenario methods. This helps researchers and practitioners to better understand the implications of their methodological choices in scenario development.