DASHAMOOLA: A SYSTEMATIC OVERVIEW

Abstract

Ayurveda is a science of life that has been around for thousands of years. According to Ayurveda, Dash means ten and Moola means Roots. Dashmoola contains ten roots of different ten plants which are taken in equal proportion. Generally it is considered as a combination of Brihat Panchamoola and Laghu Panchamoola. In the ten roots five roots are of trees and five roots are of shrubs. The roots of five trees are known as Brihat Panchmoola and the roots of shrubs are known as Laghu panchmoola. Brihat Panchmoola contains Bilva, Gambhari, Agnimantha, Patala, Shyonaka whereas Laghu Panchmoola contains Brahati, Gokharu, Kantakari, Prishniparni, Shalaparni The combination of these ten roots is used widely in Ayurveda which acts on Vata and Dosha and reduces its aggravation Nerves, muscles, bones, and joints are all linked to a variety of diseases. It's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties are all potent. In ayurvedic medicine, the polyhrebal combination is one of the most common ingredients used to prepare many forms of medicine used for treatment of various ailments, especially Vata Roga. The health benefits of Dashmoola are huge in number and the major issues among them include: Arthritis, asthma, headache, puerperal problems, parkinsons disease, gout, muscle spasm, lower back ache.

Full text

DASHAMOOLA: A SYSTEMATIC OVERVIEW
Poonam P. Taru
1 *
, Sabeena Sayed
1
, Pournima Kute
2
, Malan Shikalgar
2
, Dhanshree
Kad
3
, Archana Gadakh
4
Affiliation
1. Assistant Professor in Pharmacognosy at Vishwakarma University School of Pharmacy,
Kondhwa, Pune
2. PES Modern College of Pharmacy (For Ladies), Moshi, Pune
3. Assistant Professor in Pharmaceutical chemistry at PES Modern College of Pharmacy
(For Ladies), Moshi, Pune
4. Assistant Professor in Pharmaceutics at PES Modern College of Pharmacy (For Ladies),
Moshi, Pune
Abstract: Ayurveda is a science of life that has been around for thousands of years. According to
Ayurveda, Dash means ten and Moola means Roots. Dashmoola contains ten roots of different ten
plants which are taken in equal proportion. Generally it is considered as a combination of Brihat
Panchamoola and Laghu Panchamoola. In the ten roots five roots are of trees and five roots are of
shrubs. The roots of five trees are known as Brihat Panchmoola and the roots of shrubs are known
as Laghu panchmoola. Brihat Panchmoola contains Bilva, Gambhari, Agnimantha, Patala,
Shyonaka whereas Laghu Panchmoola contains Brahati, Gokharu, Kantakari, Prishniparni,
Shalaparni The combination of these ten roots is used widely in Ayurveda which acts on Vata and
Dosha and reduces its aggravation Nerves, muscles, bones, and joints are all linked to a variety of
diseases. It's anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties are all potent. In ayurvedic
medicine, the polyhrebal combination is one of the most common ingredients used to prepare many
forms of medicine used for treatment of various ailments, especially Vata Roga. The health
benefits of Dashmoola are huge in number and the major issues among them include: Arthritis,
asthma, headache, puerperal problems, parkinsons disease, gout, muscle spasm, lower back ache.
Keyword: Dashmoola, Gokharu, Bael, Shalaparni, Tridosha etc.
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Introduction:
Ayurveda, the traditional medicinal system of India, is known around the world. Plants, animals,
minerals, and metals are all included in Ayurvedic formulas. Dashmoola is thought to be one of
the most powerful combinations of several plants utilized in Ayurveda. Dashmoola, according to
Ayurveda, works primarily on the Vata Dosha, reducing its aggravation. It also affects the Pelvis,
Bladder, Colon, Kidney, Bones, Ears, and lower limbs, which are all Vata organs.
Dash means ten and Moola means Roots. Thus, Dashmoola means ten roots. In the ten roots five
roots are of trees and five roots are of shrubs. The roots of five trees are known as Brihat
Panchmoola and the roots of shrubs are known as Laghu panchmoola. Dashmoola is prepared by
mixing the equal parts of these roots. Dashamoola is a group of ten herbs Bilva, Patala,
Agnimantha, Shyonaka, Gambhari, Brahati, Gokharu, Kantakari, Prishniparni, Shalaparni. The
Dasmoola is a balancer of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha known as Tridosha Nashak. Vata Vyadhi, or
inflammation, is treated by this medicine well. In ayurvedic medicine, the polyhrebal combination
is one of the most common ingredients used to prepare many forms of medicine used for treatment
of various ailments, especially Vata Roga.
Brihat panchamula (5 roots of trees)
No. Botanical Name Common
Name
Family
1 Aegle marmelos Bilva Rutaceae
2 Premna obtusifolia/ Clerodendrum phlomidis Agnimantha Verbenaceae
3 Gmelina arborea Gambhari Verbenaceae
4 Oroxylum indicum Shyonak Bignoniaceae
5 Stereospermum suaveolens Patala Bignoniaceae
Laghu panchamoola (5 roots/whole plant of shrubs)
No. Botanical Name Common Name Family
6 Desmodium gangeticum Shalparni Fabaceae
7 Uraria picta Prishniparni Fabaceae
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8 Solanum indica Brihati Solanaceae
9 Solanum xanthocarpum Kantakari Solanaceae
10 Tribulus terrestris Gokshuru Zygophyllaceae
Ayurvedic action of dashmoola: Dashmoola mainly act as toxin digester, it is used in Asthma and
in inflammation, also Increases strength and it reduces Fever.
1.Agnimantha ( Agnimantha, Premna Serratifolia):
Synonym: Sanskrit: Agnimantha, Ganiparnika, Jjaya, Vaijayanti, Arani, Bengali: Bhut-bhiravi,
Guajarati: Mothi-arni, Hindi: Agetha. Agnimantha is an important Ayurvedic drug used in several
Ayurvedic preparations. The roots of Agnimantha Premna integrifolia Linn can be used to identify
and authenticate distinct species of P. integrifolia as well as different Agnimantha sources. Since
then, agnimantha has been known by other botanical names, including Clerodendrum phlomidis
Linn. f., which belongs to the Verbenaceae family.
1
In addition to its common distribution along
the coasts of India and the Andaman Islands, Agnimantha can also be found in the plains of Assam
and in the Khasi mountains.
2
Tarkari and Agnimantha were enumerated separately by Acharya
Sushruta in the Varunadi Gana
3
. The stem bark includes many chemical elements such as
Premnacorymboside A, scutellarioside II, quercetin-3-rutinoside, and leonuriside A
4
. Roots
contains Alkaloid such as premnine, ganikarine, premnazole.
5
1β, 3α, 8β-trihydroxy-pimara-15-
ene; 6α, 11, 12, 16-tetrahy-dxy-7-oxo-abieta-8, 1, 13-triene; 2α, 19-dihydroxypri -mara-7, 15-
diene were found in root bark.
6
therapeutic uses :
Among the root and leaves of plants, the roots and leaves are most often used to treat various
ailments in Ayurveda. Astringent, stimulant, liver tonic, laxative, carminative, and antibacterial
properties are all attributed to the roots. Infusion of leaves with pepper is beneficial in the treatment
of colds and fevers.
7
Vata, kapha, neuralgia, inflammations, heart diseases, cough, asthma,
bronchitis, leprosy, skin disorders, dyspepsia, flatulence, constipation, fever, diabetes, and
anorexia are just a few of the conditions that The Roots can aid with..
8
2. Gokshur (Tribulus Terretris Linn):
Synonyms Hindi: Gokhru, Sanskrit : Bahukantaka, Telegu : Chirupalleru
9 .
It has significant role
to destroydiseases of mutravaha srota as well as other systems. The rasayana and vrisya effect of
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gokshuratake a unique place in the traditional herbs basedremedies and also economic growth of
the nation. Its Fruits contains Chemical Constituent Chlorogenin, diosgenin, gitogenin, rutin,
rhamnose, while Roots has different chemical constituents such as Champesterol, b-sitosterol and
stigmasterol, neotrigogenin. Aerial Parts contains Astragalin, dioscin, diosgenin, hecogenin,
ruscogenin, furostanol, glycoside,saponin terrestrosides etc.
10
Therapeutic Uses :It has multidimensional uses.It is used as a sexual booster.
11
Gokshura fruit
Powder is boiled with milk and consumed For Vajikarana.
Decoction of Shunthi and Gokshura
(root) is used in the Management of Amavata.Gokshura and the flowers of Tila are grounded and
make paste of it by using honey For Kesa Vardhana.
3. Brihati (Solanum Indicum):
Brihati's English synonyms include Poison Berry, Indian Nightshade, African Eggplant, Bush
Tomato, and Badi Kateri, Vanabhanta, and Solanum indicum Linn. (Solanaceae). It is a valuable
plant in Southeast Asia, not only for its therapeutic properties but also for its economic
significance. It also grows in Asia, Africa, Australia, and India as a shrub.
12
Chemical constituents present in brihati are Carotene, Carpesterol, Solanocarpone, Diosogenin, B-
Sitosterol, Lanosterol, Solasonine, Solamargine, Solasodine, vitamin C. Its fruit and root consists
of wax, fatty acids and alkaloids solanine
13
Therapeutic Uses
Brihati, according to Ayurveda, is the best herbal medicine for colds, coughs, sore throats, and
asthma. It's a fantastic herbal appetiser, digestive, diuretic, and heart-healthy..
14,15
It promotes
digestive fire and regulates fever, asthma, and discomfort due to its heated potency.
4. Bilwa (Aegle Marmelos corr.)
The bael tree (Aegle marmelos Corr.) belongs to the Rutaceae family and is widely known as
bilva.
16
Bilva or bael plant has medicinal as well as religious importance. The plant is considered
very sacred in the Hindu religion, and its leaves are donated to Lord Shiva during worship. Every
part of Bilva shows some therapeutic uses but root and unripe fruits were used in most of
Ayurvedic formulations. Bilva's characteristics and usage for a variety of ailments are clearly
discussed in our Ayurvedic classics.
17, 18
It contains major Chemical Constituents γ –Fagarine,
marmesin, mermesinine, marmin, umbelliferone and in minor quantity it contains Aeglin,
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Aeglinol, Aurapten, Lupeol, Chloromarmin.
19
Leaf of Bilva contains Skimmianine, Aegeline,
Lupeol, Cineol, Citral, Citronella, Cuminaldehyde, Eugenol, Marmesinine.
20
The roots have a
sweet, astringent, and bitter taste to them. It helps with vomiting, dysuria, asthma, cough,
hiccough, TB, fever, diarrhoea, and stomach ache and possesses Laghu, Ushna guna Tridoshaghna
qualities.
21,22
Therapeutic Uses:
Bilva roots were proven effective in asthma and hiccough, It is also used in Dysuria, in
constipation, Pile and as a healers of ulcer.
23
5. Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum)
Synonym of Shyonaka are Prthsuimba, Katvanga in Sanskrit, Sonapatha, Syonak in hindi and in
English it is known as Indian trumplet flower. Oroxylum indicum is a highly placed drug in the
Ayurveda and has wide spectrum of medicinal activities. Oroxylum indicum (Bignoniaceae), roots,
leaves and stems used in the treatment of various disorders as well as used as a tonic.
24
It contains
different Chemical Constituents like Flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids etc.
25
leaves contain an anthraquinone, aloe-emodin and the bark contains traces of an alkaloid, tannic
acid, sitosterol and galactose.
26,27
Therapeutic Uses:
It is active ingredient of well-known Ayurvedic formulations like Chyavanprash, Dashmularistha
etc.
28
Oroxylum indicum is mostly used as a tonic that boosts appetite and is beneficial for Vata
conditions such as fevers, bronchitis, intestinal worms, vomiting, dysentery, asthma, and
inflammation. It's used to treat rheumatism, diarrhoea, dysentery, and diarrhoea.
29
Flavonoids
present in Oroxylum indicumVent. Was found to be responsible for its gastro-protective activity.
30
In various tribes of India, bark and seeds of the plant are used in fever, pneumonia and repiratory
symptoms.
31, 32
6. Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. &Wendl.)
Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. &Wendl.) Belongs to the Solanaceae family and is a
regularly used Ayurvedic ingredient in dasamoola.Kantakari is widely used in treating various
types of jwara (fever), tamakaswasa (bronchial asthma), kasa (cough) and hikka (hiccough).
Bhauringani , Duhsparsha, Vyaghri, Kshudra, Nidigdhika are the synonym for Kantakari.
33
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chemical constituents present in the Kantakari are solanocarpine, solanine-S, solasodine,
solasonine, solamargine, stigmasterol, campesterol, cholesterol, solasurine, galactoside of b-
sitosterol, flavonal glycoside, quercetin-3-0-b-D-glucopyranosyl-0-b-D-mannopyranoside,
apigenin, sitosterol, its flower contain solanocarpine and amino acids while seeds conatin
coumarins, scopolin, scopoletin, esculin and esculetin.
33
Therapeutic Uses:
It is widely used in the treatment of respiratory diseases in Ayurveda. It is used especially in
treating kasa (cough), shwasa (bronchial asthma), jwara (fever) etc. Kantakari is used as an
ingredient in many of the compound formulations like VyaghriharitakiavalehaChavanaprasha,
Dasamoolarishta.
34
The entire plant can be used to treat vitiated vata and kapha disorders,
helminthiasis, dental caries, inflammations, flatulence, constipation, dyspepsia, anorexia, leprosy,
skin illnesses, hypertension, fever, cough, asthma, bronchitis, hiccough, lumbago, haemorrhoids,
and epilepsy. It also has some other uses like anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, digestive,
carminative, appetizer, stomachic, febrifuge, expectorant, laxative, stimulant, diuretic,
rejuvenating, emmenagogue and aphrodisiace.
35
The plant can help with fevers, coughs, and
asthma, among other things. Pimples and swellings are treated by applying the fruit paste
externally to the affected area.
36
Root is an expectorant activity it is also used in cough, asthma,
pain in chest.
37
7. Patala
Patala an Ayurvedic drug has been used more extensively as one of the Dashamoola and Brihat
panchamoola group. Padhal, Podal, padal, parul are the synonyms of Patala
.
38
It is obtained from
Stereospermum suaveolens (Roxb.) of Family Bignoniaceae.
39
Bark contains crystalline bitter
substances like iridoid Glycoside. Leaves contain Flavone, Stereolensin, lapachol, ceryl alcohol,
palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid etc.It has Tikta, kasaya rasa guna
Therapeutic Uses: Patala has different therapeutic properties like Diuretics, anti-inflammatory,
cardiac tonic. It is also used in the management of Tridosha, as it is useful in the balance of vata.
Flowers of patala used in the management of blood related disorders.
8. Gambhari (Gmelinaar borea Roxb.)
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In English, it is known as Coomb teak, Cashmeri tree, and Candhar tree. In Sanskrit, Kashmarya,
Kashmeeri, and Gambhari are all names for the Herb. Gambhari (Gmelinaar borea Roxb.) belongs
to the family Verbinaceae. It is found throughout greater part of India, Western Ghats, and from
foot of North-West Himalaya to Chittagong &throughout Deccan Peninsula.
40
I It contains
different Chemical Constituents like sesquiterpene, cerylalcohol, hentriacontanol-1, β-sitosterol,
n-octacosanol, gmelinol while Root contains n-octacosanol, gmelinol, arboreol, 2-0-methyl
arboreal, 2-0-ethylarboreol, isoarboreol,gmelanone, β-sitosterol, paulownin, 6”-bromoisoarboreol,
palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids,stigmasterol, stigmastanol, campesterol etc.
Therapeutic Uses:
The stem bark of Gambhari has Antioxidant Activity, Cardioprotective, and Antioxidant Activity
41
9.Shalparni (Desmodium Gangeticum)
Sthira, saumya, triparni, pivari, guha, vidarigandha, deergaangi, deergharpatra or anshumati are
the synonyms of Shalparni. Desmodium gangeticum belonging to the family Papilionaceae
(Fabaceae). Chemical constituents found in the aerial sections of the plant include 5 tryptamine
derivatives and 6-OMe-2-Me-carbolinium cation. N, N-di-Me tryptaniine and its N-oxide, N-Me-
tryarnine, hypaphorine, hordenine, candicine, a pterocarpan, pterocarpanoids, gangetinin, and
desmodin are all found in the roots. The seeds are known to contain the alkaloids -carboline and
indole3 -alkylamine, as well as carbolines.
Therapeutic Uses:
Chronic fever, cough, diarrhoea, vomiting, asthma, snake bites, and scorpion stings are all treated
with this bitter, astringent, and diuretic root. The root is a component of the Ayurvedic tonic
'Dasamulakvatha,' which has antipyretic, alterative, and bitter properties. It is reported to be
beneficial in the treatment of diuretic, aphrodisiac, typhoid and also as, Anti-Inflammatory
Activity, Analgesic Activity, Anti-Daibetic Activity, Cardiovascular Activity, Anti-Oxidant
Activity
42
10.Prishniparni (Uraria Picta):
The roots of Uraria picta of family Leguminosae sub-family Fabaceae is a well-liked ayurvedic
healthful plant that additionally glorious by name Prishniparni, Dhavani in Sanskrit and Pithava in
gujrat. It is a well-known ayurvedic drug of the Indian system of medicines used for treating
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general weariness, antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory similar medical disorders.
43
It
contains different Chemical consituents like isoflavanones, triterpenes and steroids in the roots.
Therapeutica uses:
Aphrodisiac qualities have also been discovered in the roots. Coughs, chills, and fevers are treated
with its decoction. The leaves are antiseptic and used to treat gonorrhoea. Children's sore mouth
can also be treated with the pods. Urinary illnesses, tumours, edoema, burning sensations, and
breathing difficulties are all treated with this drug.
4
It also contains anti-inflammatory, anti-
hepatoprotective, and anti-microbial properties.
Marketed Preparation of Dashamoola :
1. Dashmoola powder
2. Dashmoola churn
3. Dashmoola kwatha churn
4. Dashmoola hair lep
5. Dashmoolarishta syrup
6. dashmool ghanavati
7. Dasamoola jeerakarishtam
8. Dashamoola rasaayanam
9. Jiva dashmool kwath
10. Dashmool kwath granules
CONCLUSION:
Dashmoola is a famous ayurvedic combination of medical herbs. Dash means Ten and Moola
means Roots. The health benefits of Dashmoola are huge in number and the major issues among
them include:Arthritis, asthma, headache, puerperal problems, parkinsons disease, gout, muscle
spasm, lower back ache. Dashmoola has powerful medicinal characteristics that can help in the
treatment and prevention of a variety of ailments. It can be used to address problems with the
nerves, bones, muscles, and joints. Dashmoola has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
properties. As a result, it's utilised to treat painful, inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders like
osteoarthritis, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis.
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