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Acta Scientific COMPUTER SCIENCES
Volume 4 Issue 4 April 2022
A Web-based Information Management System for Educational
Institutions in Riverine Areas
Roseline U Paul, Njideka N Mbeledogu, Belonwu T Sunday, Mbonu C
Emmanuel and ChukwuNonso Nwokoye*
Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: Roseline U Paul, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
Research Article
Received: January 31, 2022
Published: March 17, 2022
© All rights are reserved by Roseline U Paul
., et al.
Abstract
The educational achievement of pupils from equal socioeconomic backgrounds differs by region of the country they reside. Since

areas of Anambra State face low academic teaching and learning. Existing teaching and learning approaches, on the other hand, do

and so on. Therefore, the study proposed a Web-based Information Management System to solve these issues and improve teach-
ing and learning. For the analysis and implementation of the system, the Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methodology was
   
technology would offer an online platform for continual learning, and enhancement of students’ academic achievement.
Keywords:
Introduction
       
more worried as a result of the health repercussions, dangers,
  
attributable to the fact that the cost of the losses incurred by hy-
drological crises rises every year [1]. Floods account for one-third
of all natural catastrophes, thus amounting to 37.1 percent [2].
This is largely due to urbanisation and the massive surge in hu-
man populations, which causes open spaces to be transformed into
residential units and businesses on a continuous basis. Flood is a
natural severe weather phenomenon induced by increasing global
temperatures, which leads to heavy rain, ocean thermal expansion,
and glacier melt, all of which produce an increase in sea level and
salt water inundation of coastal territories. Flooding is the most
common of all environmental hazards, and it regularly claims over
20,000 lives per year and adversely affects around 75 million peo-
ple world-wide [3].
        -
sources in any economy, investment in education is tantamount to
investment in human capital formation. Investing in education can
take many forms, including the establishment and management of
schools as a business venture and/or the acquisition of any particu-
lar type of education by individuals to enhance their employment
prospects and income earning capacity. Schultz [4] suggested that
by investing in education, governments, corporations, communi-
  
challenges ahead. If children are really the leaders of tomorrow,
then it is time we started investing in them. Education in Nigeria is
based on a 6-3-3-4 system, which involves four levels of institution-
al learning processes: the primary, the secondary, and the tertiary

       
-
fected states. Seven million people were affected; 2.3 million were
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
victims of internal displacement, while 363 people reportedly died.
      
were affected. Five out of these eight included the Omambala areas
and were the most adversely affected.
Rashid [5]       -
ger to students’ lives and properties. Anambra State became the
      -

which displaced over 500,000 people. In some areas, only farm-
lands were affected while in others, both homes and farmlands
were all swept away [6]. Flood may sometimes result in missed
school and delayed academic progress, missed social opportuni-
ties and increased exposure to various life stresses such as illness
[7]. The effects of disasters in educational institution must not be
seen only in terms of the need to prevent catastrophic damage that
may destroy the buildings but also in terms of preserving the lives
of students during disasters. Udochu  observed that the cost of
travelling daily to school has risen as students have to pay for boat
rides in the morning and evening every day. Therefore, this study
is aimed at developing an online platform that alleviate the issues
faced by both teachers and pupils in the riverine areas in Anam-
bra State. The paper is arranged as follows: Section 2 contains the
related works while Section 3 contains the methodology. Section
4 presented the analyses of both the current and the prospective
system whereas Section 5 contains the design and implementation.
Finally, section 6 contains the conclusion.
Related works
Floods have a great impact on the educational system in the
riverine areas. For the students, it prevents them from attending
lectures. Udochu 
   -
noes that are dangerously rowed through the raging river. It’s risky
for students to keep crossing the river in boats, but they have no
option. Students have to endure hunger the whole day, as they can-
not cross the river daily to go for lunch. Figure 1 shows students
about to take a boat ride to school.
-
ondary schools today, Ehrenbe [9] stated that manpower develop-
ment is important for societal development and that its possibil-
ity and success wholly rests on the teachers. Hoxby [10] observed
that teachers are the hubs of educational system and the success
of any educational system depends on their numbers quantity and
devotion. On the other hand, Kalu [11] traced the fallen standard of
education in Nigeria to lack at incentive in educational system. He
        

information management system to help students in those areas
to be able to help themselves. Habib [12] lamented on quantita-
   
teacher have led to World Bank [13] to conclude that shortage of
staff is another problem of academic performance in our riverine
secondary schools. The scarcity of teachers is found virtually, in all
subject areas. And it was indicated by Franco and Kanfer [14] that
teachers are usually reluctant in accepting transfer from urban to
those riverine areas because of several factors, which include force
of the nature of the community, challenges they are likely to meet
[12] equally noted that this problem of
shortage of teachers in our riverine secondary schools started after
Nigeria’s civil war in 1970. Teachers take an unexpected chunk of
     [12]. In so doing, they
will not be able to cover their scheme of work, leaving the students
not well equip for external examination or competitions among
their fellow students in another schools. Figure 2 shows teachers’
means of transportation to school [12].
Figure 1: Students about take a boat ride to school.
32
A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
Figure 2: Teachers’ means of transportation to school [12].
The nature of parents’ occupation in the riverine area that af-
fects students is a major factor in the overall promotion of quality
education.        
role to play in their educational career in the schools. It is clear that
many parents are farmers, while some are traders. For the fact that
many of them are farmers they leave homes early in the morning
and come back late at night weary to inquire of their children’s aca-
[15] observed that
the role of the family in child’s socialization is a determining factor
in the child’s environment. Similarly, Nathwani [6] noted that to a
large extent parents and occupation act as sociological factors that

this, Nathwani [6] explained that some students come from homes
       -
dren properly. Some rural parents who are farmers may not know
the value or importance of education in one’s life. Parental attitude
towards farm work affect majority of the students in riverine areas.
Third negative attitude may lead to discouraging the students from
showing interest in education.
A web-based information system has also been applied for con-
ducting examinations in schools. Zhenming., et al. [16] developed
a novel online examination system based on a Browser/Server
framework which carries out the examination and auto-grading
for objective and operating questions. Ayo., et al. [17] proposed
a model for an e-educational system in Nigeria, and it was tested
at Covenant University. The system has the potential to eliminate
some of the problems that are associated with the traditional meth-
ods of examination. Cordon  added that a web-based informa-
tion management system has the capability to report and analyse
different data and information for individual and collective users.
Al-Bayati and Hussein [19] present an application of generic soft-
ware, which provides an empty template to the teacher who would

people. Onuka and Durowoju [20] proposed a theoretical approach
    
technologies in conjunction with e-learning environments to curb
unethical conduct during e-learning exams. Rashad and Yang [21]
developed a web-based system that carries out examinations and
auto-grading for students’ exams. The system helps lecturers, in-
structors, teachers, and others who are willing to create new exams
or edit existing ones, as well as students participating in the exams.
Akinsanmi., et al. [22] developed a web application where tests in
multiple-choice formats can be taken online and graded immedi-
ately. In order to reduce paper work and save time, and to incorpo-

[23] developed a web-based student management information sys-
tem. Note that Nwokoye., et al. [1] have developed an information
        

system i.e. web-based information management system for educa-
      
regarding any subject they want to study [24]. Flooding hinders
teaching and learning in educational institutions. It seems natural
-
petitive advantage [25] and enhance learning.
  differs from regular information systems
because the primary objectives of this system deal with the opera-
tional activities in the school. In this way, WBIMS is a subset of the
overall planning and control activities covering the applications of
humans, technologies, and procedures of the school. WBIMS makes
it possible for schools to get the right information to the students at
the right time by enhancing the interaction between the students
and the teacher, the data collected in its various subject areas, and
the methods and procedures each subject uses. It brings together
the raw data collected by the various areas of specialization of the
educational system. WBIMS allows information to move between
teachers and students instantly, reducing the need for face-to-face
communication among them in the event of disasters and thus in-
creasing the responsiveness of the educational system. Since stu-
dents have less time to study at schools and complete their syllabi
-
tem can help them succeed.
33
A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
Methodology
For the successful implementation of the web-based informa-
tion and management system, we adopted the object-oriented

-
ysis, system design, coding, testing, system implementation, pro-
gram maintenance and documentation. This methodology employs
          
modeling diagrams [26].
Analysis
Analysis of the existing system
The current system was extensively examined in order to identi-

would aid in the creation of a new one that would allow for teaching


approach, whereby the teachers must be physically present in the
classroom before the lesson will commence. It was observed that

term and second term of the secondary school academic calendar,

of water hyacinth as a result of excessive rainfall. The school en-
vironment, its equipment, learning materials, and the students of
         
Also, the deposit of water hyacinth that had grown in those areas
-
         
Even if they intend to attend other schools within that period to
meet their learning processes, the engine boats and canoes that
serve as the means of transportation that will convey them to the
schools can no longer sail freely on the water because of water hya-

-
ing the termly examinations, which in effect prevents the school
management from organising examinations and the students from
taking the proposed termly examination. Consequently, the stu-
dents stay at their various homes. This is a very serious problem
as the school management would not be able to do a proper evalu-

to promote students to the next level. As a result, the students are
promoted to the next class without proper assessment. The teach-
  
season. In so doing, they would not be able to cover their syllabuses
and schemes of work, leaving the students unwell equipped for ex-
ternal examinations or competitions among their peers in other
schools. From observation, some teachers posted to those riverine
        
create the impression that they come to school, they falsify the staff
attendance records. These indolent staff later receive their salaries,
irrespective of the fact that they did not attend classes. On the other

the scary transport systems using canoes. This situation is not so
good for the students.
During this season, students from those areas will stay at home

will be facing their external examinations such as WAEC, NECO, or
NABTEB. It was observed that majority of the students often fail
their external examination, and some usually lose their valuable
   -
portunity to further their education. This often demoralises the
students and might result in them dropping out of school. Spe-

 
with plenty demerits which are summarised as follows. Excessive
        
out of school. The educational system is always disrupted because
schools are destroyed, access roads blocked and teachers absent.
Indigenes battle with their lives as many are somewhat displaced

Analysis of the new system
After studying the old system, a new system is designed to elim-

used by the students, teachers, and school management to bridge
           
based information system that allows the login of registered teach-
ers and the preparation of lessons that would be administered
to the students during the rainy season. The function of the new

all the students and teachers on the school database and upload
the scheme of work, examination questions, and results. The regis-
tered teachers, on the other hand, are expected to login to the site
during the time they have classes according to the displayed time
34
A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
table, upload their lesson videos, note the lesson, quiz, or class ex-
ercise if any, and chat with the students present online. During the

expected to log in to the website from their respective homes, and
from the displayed time table, select the subject they have at that
moment. This action will take the students to the page where they
can download lesson videos, take notes on the lesson or scheme
of work and chart with the subject teacher, take and submit class
exercises, write and submit assignments. Figure 3 shows the data

Figure 3: Data Flow Diagram of the Proposed System.
Design and implementation
Here, the objectives of the proposed solutions include the fol-
lowing: creating the graphical user interfaces, designing the nec-
      -
erating a module for data validation so as to ensure users key in
         
the system are displayed too. The architectural diagram of the new

that would be developed for the product and their interfaces. The
high-level model is decomposed as follows: the main menu, which
is the home page, has the following submenus/forms: Registration,


      
        -
        
to describe the components of database tables. The menu designs

Figure 4: 
Figure 5: The System Flowchart.
-
scribe the logical system, i.e., the necessary functions of the sys-
tem. The use case and sequence diagrams of the system are shown
       
depiction of the interactions among the elements of a system, the
latter depicts the objects and classes involved in the scenario and
the sequence of messages exchanged between the objects needed
to carry out the functionality of the scenario.
35
A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
Figure 6: Use Case Diagram.
Figure 7: Sequence Diagram.
For the new system requirements, the minimum hardware and
        -

      -
gabytes of hard disc. The minimum workstation or client require-

of RAM, and at least 10 gigabytes of hard disc. Other hardware re-
quirements include printers, web, digital, or phone cameras, and
scanners.
The requisite software include the Microsoft Windows oper-
ating system: Microsoft Windows 7, PHP version 7, a web server,
   -
 
the following reasons; its open source nature, easily embedded
    

the design of the front end, our choice of programming language
 

pages and applications, with CSS and JavaScript, it forms a triad of
cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web. The results of
         
      
page. Figure 10 depicts the new teacher’s registration form, while
Figure 11 shows the page for creation of lesson videos. Figure 12
          

for the creation of examination questions.
Figure 8: The Home page.
Figure 9: 
36
A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
Figure 10: Teacher Registration Form.
Figure 11: 
37
A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
Figure 12: Page for Creation of Assignment.
Figure 13: 

A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
Figure 14: The page for the creation of Examination questions.
Conclusion
-
cause it will provide a platform that will enable them to learn their
various subjects online at their different locations/houses. The sys-

        -
countered by the students of riverine areas, which seriously affect
their educational system. It will also help the students to continue
learning without missing lessons, prepare them to cover their sylla-
bus and scheme of work, and download lessons in order to be well
equipped for external examinations and inter-school competition.
On the part of the teachers, they can completely teach the whole
scheme of work and syllabus. The implication is that the teacher
can deliver lessons, projects, quizzes, and assignments to the stu-
         
-
ment as it will enable them to build a database of all the students
and teachers in the school, administer examinations, and evalu-
ate and determine the students’ performances at the end of every
term. Discontinuing the manual system where data and informa-

an obstacle to not talking at the end of the term examinations.
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A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
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A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas
Citation: Roseline U Paul., et al. A Web-based Information Management System for Educational Institutions in Riverine Areas". Acta Scientific
Computer Sciences 
... In another study conducted by Byungura (2015), the implementation of a web-based thesis management system in a university setting was shown to reduce the average time to thesis completion by 20%, highlighting the potential benefits of such systems in improving academic outcomes. The implementation of a Web-Based Thesis Management System in colleges of education in Nigeria can address many of the challenges affecting the quality of theses produced by students (Paul et al., 2022). The system can improve the academic readiness of students, promote better research practices, and enhance the overall quality of thesis submissions, by providing structured support, ensuring real-time supervision, and offering access to necessary research tools. ...
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This study investigates the challenges of the manual thesis management process in colleges of education in Nigeria and explores the potential benefits and barriers to adopting a web-based thesis management system. This study employed a mixed-methods research design and data were collected through questionnaire and interview. The findings highlight the need for automation to improve efficiency and consistency. Despite the identified advantages of a web-based system, such as streamlined processes, enhanced communication, and improved quality control, the study also uncovered significant barriers to adoption. These include underdeveloped IT infrastructure, limited human resources, high implementation costs, and resistance to change. The study emphasizes the importance of institutional readiness, with a focus on improving internet connectivity, expanding IT resources, and securing external funding to address financial constraints. A framework for adoption is proposed, encompassing key stages such as assessment and planning, technical requirements, training and support, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The study concludes that a web-based thesis management system can greatly enhance the efficiency and quality of thesis processes if implemented with proper resource allocation, training, and long-term sustainability planning.
Chapter
The Web-Based Maternal Health Monitoring System represents a significant advancement in the digitalisation of maternal health records, addressing critical limitations in Malaysia's traditional paper-based system. The existing manual record-keeping process is not only time-consuming but also prone to wear and data loss, and it lacks the accessibility required for seamless healthcare across different facilities. E-Maternity provides a web-based platform that allows pregnant women to easily track their maternal health records and progress via mobile devices, improving the continuity of care and reducing the administrative burden on healthcare providers. The system's design emphasises user-friendly access to comprehensive maternal health information, yet it faces several challenges. The reliance on internet connectivity poses a barrier, particularly in rural areas with poor network coverage, and the absence of two-factor authentication raises concerns about data security. Additionally, the system's dependency on local storage limits its scalability and efficiency. This chapter explores the development, implementation, and testing of the E-Maternity system, highlighting both its strengths and limitations. Functional testing was conducted to ensure the system met key performance criteria, with a focus on usability, reliability, and security. The results demonstrated the system's potential to enhance maternal healthcare delivery, although certain limitations were identified. Future recommendations include expanding the system's functionality to cover postnatal care, integrating cloud-based storage to enhance data management and security, and implementing two-factor authentication to strengthen user data protection. By addressing these challenges, the E-Maternity system can evolve into a more robust and secure platform, offering a comprehensive solution for maternal health monitoring in Malaysia. This study contributes to the ongoing efforts to improve healthcare delivery through digital innovation, particularly in regions where traditional methods are insufficient.
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Natural hazards such as floods has become in recent times a recurring phenomenon all over the world. In Africa, its effects has resulted to immense losses. Flood instances in Anambra state, Nigeria, has ravaged several communities causing deaths, displacements and damages to infrastructure. Therefore, this study is aimed at developingthe Anambra State Environmental Protection Agency Flood Management System (ANSEPA FMS), with an integrated spatial database and to implement this tool using an object-oriented platform of Visual Studio. This is to cater for several challenges which include the paucity of comprehensive data and the lack of instances of computer/communication technologies in the management and control of flood. Also, there exists the issue of isolation; here ANSEPA (under the State Ministry of Environment (SME)) hardly shares information to other flood/disaster-related agencies.On the methodology, firstly, we used data collection methods like observation, study of procedural manuals and interview of operators at functional (strategic) points of the institution in order to obtain necessary data and information. Subsequently, we performed system analyses and design, implementation and testing.The spatial database and corresponding forms was built based on the recent holistic flood management knowledge domain proposed by Kaewboonmaa, et al., which employed experts'opinions in its conception. Aside the benefit of assuming a central position for data sharing amongst related agencies, ANSEPA FMS can positively impact study area familiarity, thereby, instigating vulnerability assessment and triggering the necessary post-flood readiness required for prompt response to flood inundation.
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The technological development and impact of computers and internet on our lives has been verified over time affected various sectors of activity. And almost every task today is being run through computers. Getting information and quickly turning it into a product that consumers want is the essential key to staying in business and all of this is done nowadays using computers and applications or information systems. And the education system is undeniably the backbone of the society, it focusses at preparing the young talents for the future. However, currently the process of students’ result management and declaration at the Catholic University of Mozambique, is performed manually with extensive human intervention, the students’ results are generated through a spreadsheet application and then printed on a paper, attached to a wall for declaration and then stored. The current project aims at creating a web-based student result management system, reducing time, effort and improving security. The methodology adopted for the elaboration of the project is based on qualitative study. The project results in the development of a multi-user system, based on web technology with MVC architectural pattern and developed using Java programming language with Apache Tomcat Server and MySQL Database Management System support.
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Women and men often receive the same percentage increase in their wage rates with advances in schooling. Because these returns decline with more schooling, the marginal returns for women will tend to exceed those for men, especially in countries where women are much less educated. The health and schooling of children are more closely related to their mother's education than father's. More educated women work more hours in the market labor force, broadening the tax base and thereby potentially reducing tax distortions. These three conditions, it is argued, justify the disproportionate allocation of public expenditures toward women's education.
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This study demonstrated that the modality principle applies to multimedia learning of regular science lessons in school settings. In the first field experiment, 27 Dutch secondary school students (age 16–17) received a self-paced, web-based multimedia lesson in biology. Students who received lessons containing illustrations and narration performed better on subsequent transfer tests than did students who received lessons containing illustrations and on-screen text. In the second field experiment, 55 Dutch secondary school students (age 16–17) received similar multimedia programs that allowed more self-pacing and required students to record the time to learn. The illustrations-and-narration group outperformed the illustrations-and-text group on subsequent transfer tests for students who required less time to learn but not for students who required more time to learn. The interaction of learning time spent with modality of presentation on post-test scores was studied. Implications for testing of the robustness of cognitive theory of multimedia learning are discussed.
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