Article

Aquatic Weeds: Crested Floating Heart (Nymphoides cristata): SS-AGR-344/AG354, 4/2011

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Abstract

Crested floating heart is a native of Asia but was introduced to North America through the aquatic plant nursery trade and marketed as ‘snowflake.’ In the United States, crested floating heart escaped from cultivation and became established in Florida water bodies. Learn how to identify and manage this aquatic weed in this 5-page fact sheet written by Leif N. Willey and Kenneth A. Langeland and published by the UF Department of Agronomy, April 2011.

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... Published online by Cambridge University Press likely responsible for the majority of biomass (Nair 1973;Sculthorpe 1967), a strategy common in the Nymphoides genus (Gettys et al. 2017;Sivarajan and Joseph 1993). Similarly, N. cristata is thought to reproduce primarily through vegetative means in the introduced range (fragmentation, daughter plants, tubers, and rhizomes) (Burks 2002;Willey and Langeland 2011). ...
... The interpretation of the low within lineage variation as clonal reproduction is consistent with previous field observations and reports of reproductive biology of N. cristata that hypothesize prolific vegetative propagation and spread in the invaded range (Burks 2002;Harms and Nachtrieb 2019;Willey and Langeland 2011). Inbreeding could also account for the withinlineage variation we observed. ...
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Crested floating heart [ Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze] is an invasive aquatic plant in the southeastern United States. For clonal plants like N. cristata , clonal diversity may influence response to control tactics and/or evolutionary potential. However, little is known about the diversity of introduced N. cristata . In this study, we used genotyping-by-sequencing to quantify N. cristata diversity in the southeastern U.S. and determine how that diversity is distributed across the invaded range. Our results show that at least three distinct genetic lineages of N. cristata are present in the southeastern U.S. Geographic distribution of the lineages varied, with one widespread lineage identified across several states and others only found in a single waterbody. There is also evidence of extensive asexual reproduction, with invaded waterbodies often host to a single genetic lineage. The genetic diversity reported in this study likely results from multiple introductions of N. cristata to the southeastern U.S. and should be considered by managers when assessing control tactics such as screening for biocontrol agents or herbicide testing. The extent and distribution of genetic diversity should also be considered by researchers studying the potential for invasive spread of N. cristata within the U.S. or hybridization with native Nymphoides species.
... Nymphoides indica is known to occur in Florida, particularly as a horticultural species in water gardens (Tippery et al. 2015). Although not officially listed on federal or state noxious weed lists, N. indica is actively targeted for control and removal (Willey & Langeland 2011). Prior to its discovery in Uvalde County, Texas, N. humboldtiana was unknown in the U.S.A. (Saunders 2005;Tippery et al. 2015). ...
... The purpose of the present work is to determine whether or not certain Florida populations are genetically identified as either N. humboldtiana or N. indica and to ascertain if these populations are native or exotic, respectively. These species determinations are important and ultimately affect invasive species management of Nymphoides in Florida (Willey & Langeland 2011). ...
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Certain Nymphoides populations in Florida, U.S.A., previously identified as the non-native N. indica (L.) Kuntze, are actually N. humboldtiana (Kunth) Kuntze, as verified using nuclear and plastid DNA data. These new records of N. humboldtiana in Florida are the only known localities in the U.S.A. outside of Uvalde County, Texas. Nymphoides humboldtiana is native to Texas, México, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. The newly identified Florida populations found near the city of Tampa in Manatee County (Ward Lake and Braden River) and Fort Walton Beach in Okaloosa County (Bass Lake) are presumed to be native. Nymphoides humboldtiana and N. indica share many superficial similarities, most notably white petals with ciliate hairs. Our findings suggest that certain morphologically-determined populations of N. indica in the U.S.A. may be incorrectly identified. Such populations might be re-examined using DNA methods to avoid any management actions against N. humboldtiana. ©2018 Botanical Research Institute of Texas.All Rights Reserved.
... was the third cristata dominant species in stream1 (Table 4). This might be attributed to its ability for greater reproduction via plant fragments, bulbils, and tubers (Willey and Langeland 2011). Also, their dense canopy reduces the amount of direct sunlight required by other aquatic plants (Anderson and Frank 2014) thereby suppressing the growth of the other AMs. ...
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Land use and land cover (LULC) profoundly influence the aquatic ecosystems through runoffs. The runoffs comprising of nutrient, as well as propagule of aquatic macrophytes (AMs), are expected to determine the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the aquatic environment. We tested this proposition by comparing the assemblages of AMs as well as the water and sediment characteristics in two small streams, each flowing through two different types of landscape, i.e., agriculture and human settlements. The study was done for a period of two years, i.e., from 2014 to 2016. Seventeen species of AMs belonging to 14 families were recorded, of which 7 were invasive aquatic macrophytes (IAMs). T axa richness and diversity of AMs was higher in the stream flowing through the agricultural landscape while density and dominance of AMs were higher in the stream flowing through the landscape dominated by human settlement. Multivariate analysis revealed that stream depth and input of nutrients and organic matter from the adjoining riparian region play significant role in modulating the stream environment and AM community composition and abundance. Keywords: Aquatic macrophytes, Stream, Habitat, Environmental variables, Cachar
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