Statistical and Sociological Study of Institutional Transformation of Russian Business (Case Study: Moscow and the Moscow Region)

Abstract

The article present argument for using statistical methods, which evaluate factors that contribute to or, on the contrary, hinder the institutional transformation of entrepreneurship in Russia.
The authors analyzed materials of the sociological survey of large and medium-sized enterprises carried out in 2019 through questionnaires administered to company executives based on a sample of economic entities in Moscow and Moscow region. A set of statistical data from a survey of company executives was formed for two groups of enterprises, depending on the scale of production. They were differentiated according to the main factors of sustainable development.Using the χ2 criterion, the degree of similarity of these populations and their correspondence to one type of distribution was revealed. The results of the survey of company executives showed that the key factors for the sustainable functioning of enterprises and their further development are: the availability of new technologies for implementation in production, the degree of personnel qualification, as well as the extent to which specialists from other commercial structures are involved in the work. At the same time, the first indicated factors which are determinantsof any group of economic entities, regardless of the scale of entrepreneurial activity. A significant difference in the opinions of the company executives of large and medium-sized enterprises is observed in the answers to the question about the sources of funds for doing business.
Evaluation of negative-impact factors of crisis phenomena is differentiated depending on the scale of production using various criteria. Thus, when using White's t-test, no fundamental differences were found between the estimates of the company executivesof economic entities that are in different groups in terms of the scale of production activities. As for the positive factors, where all observations are pairwise conjugated, the Wilcoxon test was used, which indicates that entrepreneurs equally assess the degree of influence of negative and positive causes of the crisis on business. Based on empirical analysis, was confirmed the hypothesis about determining factors influencing the current situation with business. According to entrepreneurs, such factors are high taxes and the lack of working capital.
Amid a spiraling crisis and import substitution, continuous monitoring of both weaknesses and strengths of the development of large and medium enterprises allows to identify key predictors that contribute to the most efficient functioning of such enterprises.